• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2005

Pullorum disease and Fowl typhoid are kind of poultry specific disease for poultry. The peculiar character of these poultry specific diseases is that it can be infected by transmitting vertically and horizontally, also it is hard to be discovered by clinical sign, and pathology or immunology. So, to develop the PCR method which distinguishes these two genetically similar diseases of separated the specific DNA fragment from each strain and use it for differential diagnosis by subtraction PCR method. Standard strain of S gallinarum and S pullorum, and field isolation strain were verified by biochemistry, It confirmed existence of plasmid by using the PFGE. Then, Isolated DNA from it and used it as materials for the experiment. After cutting genomic DNA of two strains by using Sau 3Al, It ligated primer to tester DNA for PCR amplification and separated specific DNA fragment bacteria with method of subtraction PCR. And, It confirmed that it is a piece of unique DNA in every bacteria using base sequence of separated DNA fragment. 1. The six specific DNA fragment were separated from the DNA of S gallinarum and S pullorum by the subtraction PCR method. 2. In the result of comparison after setting base sequence of each fragment, each separated base sequence of DNA fragment they did not correspond to each other 3. As the result of each DNA fragment is derived from the each strain of DNA, and there was no homology of genomic DNA level in mutual. 4. The fragment originated in plasmid and includes S pullorum did not separate. 5. In the result of searching base sequence in Genebank, it partially shows homology in Salmonella enterica, S typhimurium, S dublin, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Yersinia pestis, Klebsiella pneumoniae. 6. Primer design by S gallinarum DNA 2, 3 fragment used PCR, They are positive reaction in only S gallinarum at 276, 367 bp position.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.207-217
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• 1997

The oriental medicine based on the traditional Chinese medicine has developed characteristically according to the history and racial character respectively; China, Korea and Japan. Japan, among these nations, has accepted western medicine earlier than other nations and has tried to compare western and oriental medicine and combine them. In Japanese traditional medicine, it is characteristic that the old medical classics focusing on Sanghannon (傷寒論) and Geumgyeyoryak(金?要略) has developed The recent tendencies of clinical medicine and researches in Korean oriental medicine are mostly about the study of oriental medicine in view of western medicine and the combination of western and oriental medical treatment like Japan. But the study on the Japanese oriental medicine hasn't so far been tried before in Korea. From now on, we should not overlook that a more interest on Japanese oriental medicine will be very useful. Therefore we have surveyed the background of its origin and the process of development of the theory of ${\ulcorner}$Qi, Blood and Body Fluids${\lrcorner}$. What we wish to show in this paper is to provide a source for the basic understanding by explaining a fundamental theory of physiology and pathology of Japanese oriental medicine. Concepts of ${\ulcorner}$Qi, Blood and Body Fluids${\lrcorner}$ suggested by Nangai Yoshimashi in 1792 is the way of thinking that the circulation of 3 factors- ${\ulcorner}$Qi, Blood and Body Fluids${\lrcorner}$ nourish human body. Among these 3 factors, if Qi does not function smoothly, it causes the condition of a disease like Qi-deficiency, imbalance of Qi-distribution or Qi-depression and stasis; in Blood's case, deficiency of Blood and Blood stasis; and as for Body Fluids, stasis of Body Fluids. In the recent trend of study, there's a try to combining the western and oriental medicine, Qi is considered as psychoneurotic system, Blood as circulatory and endocrinologic system and Body Fluids as immunologic system.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제25권
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• pp.63-77
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• 2006

국내 CI보험에서 정의한 '중대한 암'이란 용어는 의학적인 '암'의 정의보다는 다소 보험적인 의미를 가진 암으로 정의되고 있다. 따라서 의학적으로 정의된 암과 다른 보험적인 의미에서 암을 정의함에 따라 의료인이나 일반인이 생각하고 있는 암의 정의와 다른 개념의 차이로 보험사와 계약자간의 Medical Underwriting에서 많은 문제점이 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 이처럼 CI보험에서 정의한 '중대한 암'의 정의가 의학적 정의된 '암'과의 차이로 보험사와 계약자간의 분쟁의 소지가 될 수 있는 '중대한 암'의 Medical Underwriting의 제한적 요소로는 제I항의 정의에서 1) '암'과 '중대한 암'의 정의에 차이에 따른 보험사, 계약자, 의료인의 입장에서 본 제한적 요소 2) "악성신생물분류표"가 가지는 의미에 관한 제한적 요소 3) '중대한 암'과 '고액치료비 암'의 용어에 대한 제한적 요소를 고찰하였다. 제II항의 정의에서는 1) 암성의 변화에 따른 제한적요소 2)악성병변 부위가 국한된 경우 병리조직검사에서 악성으로 나타나지 않은 경우의 제한적 요소 3) 병원간 병리조직 검사결과의 차이에 따른 제한적 요소에 관해 고찰하였다. 제III항의 정의에서는 1) 하위조항이 상위조항에 위배되는 경우의 제한적 요소 2) 임상적 악성에 대한 제한적 요소를 고찰하였다. 그 외에도 '중대한 암'에서 제외되는 암으로 1)악성흑색종에서 침범정도가 낮은 경우 2) 초기전립샘 암 3) HIV에 관련된 악성종양 4) 악성흑색종을 제외한 모든 피부암들에 대한 제한적인 요소 5) 양성종양,전암병소,상피내암,경계성종양 등이 임상적으로 '중대한 암'으로 인정되는 경우와 진단서 작성에서의 제한적 요소를 고찰하여 '중대한 암'에 대한 Medical Underwriting의 문제점을 파악하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1973

The main character of the Korean diet has been found to be low in protein both quantity and quality and high in carbohydrate. The purpose of this survey was to study the amount of salt intake related to the dietary pattern in Korea. The nutrition survey was conducted in a mountainous farming area located in Auhchun-ri, Gaebuk-myon, Changsoo-gun, Chunbuk Province, February 14-19 in 1973 (7 days). The precise weighing method was used in evaluating the kinds of foods and nutrients intake for 24 households during a three day period. The physical examinations were performed by a doctor on 120 persons and a detailed biochemical test on both blood and urine was made on 42 persons over 40 years old. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) Average nutrients intake of an adult per day: calorie intake was 2,446 Cal and its components-protein(61.1g) was 10 percent, fat(12.9g) was 5 percent and carbohydrate(521g) contributed 85 percent of the total calories. Other nutrients-calcium (443mg), thiamine(1.09mg), riboflavin (0.90mg), niacin (14.4mg) and vitamin C (63.2mg) were lower than the recommended daily allowance but vitamin A(2,083 I.U.), iron(11mg) and phosphorous(998mg) were slightly higher than that. (2) To evaluate the nutritional deficiences, clinical examinations were conducted. Angular stomatitis was present in 16.7 percent of those examiners. No edema was found. The rate of osteoarthritis, hepatomegaly diseases appeared in 20 percent of the total subjects and the symptoms appeared highest among those Iron 50 to 59 years old. (3) The following chemical components of blood serum were analyzed and found to be within the normal range: glucose, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, total cholesterol, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and lecithine dehydrase. One case of each of the following were found: hyperglycemia, hypocholesterolemia, renal problem, hypoproteinaemia and diabetes mellitus, and two persons were classified as showing hypoglycemia and hyponaturemia. (4) The sodium content in urine was 199.6 mEq/L, potassium content was 24.6 mEq/L. The sugar, pH and specific gravity in the urine was shown to be normal.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6705-6709
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• 2015

Background: Venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) constitute a group of diseases including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). They regarded as the second leading cause of death in cancer patients and several studies have confirmed that VTEs have a negative impact on survival and recurrent rate in both ovarian and endometrial cancer cases. The incidence of VTEs differs worldwide and depends on several risk factors including race, underlying disease, lifestyle, body weight, BMI and genetic risk factors. There is heterogeneity of DVT rates between Asian and Western countries. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the character and incidence of VTEs in gynecologic oncology patients in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital over a 10 year period. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed with VTEs defined as objective diagnosis of acute DVT or PE with typical symptoms and signs. Diagnoses were approved byan internist and/or confirmed with imaging studies. Data from both outpatient and inpatient sessions of the affected cases from January 2004 to December 2013 were extracted. General characteristics of the patients were collected with details of the diseases, types of cancer, stage, date of diagnosis of cancer, operative data, treatment outcome, progression free survival and overall survival. Results: Thirty cases of VTEs were identified in a total 2,316 gynecologic oncology cases. The incidence of symptomatic VTEs in total gynecologic oncology patients in our institution is 1.295%. The incidence of VTEs in ovarian cancer patients in our institution was 5.9%. Duration for VTE detection ranged from 13 months before diagnosis of cancer to 33 months after diagnosis of cancer. Most of the VTE cases were detected in ovarian cancer patients (60%). The most common cell type was adenocarcinoma (moderately to poorly differentiated) which accounted for 26.7% of the cases. The second most common cell type was clear cell carcinoma with 23.3% of the cases. Thirty percent of VTE cases developed before cancer was diagnosed, 20% were diagnosed at the same time as cancer detection and fifty percent developed after cancer was diagnosed. Median disease free survival of the gynecologic oncology patients with VTE was 7.5 months. Median overall survival (OS) was 12 months. Median progession free survivals of DVT and PE groups were 11.5 and 5.5 months, respectively. OS of DVT and PE was 12.0 and 11.5 months respectively. Conclusions: The incidence of VTE in Asian countries is believed to be lower than in European or Western countries. From our retrospective review, the incidence of VTEs in all types of gynecologic oncology was 1.295%, much lower than reported in the West. The reason for the lower incidence may genetic differences. Another factor is that VTE in this review was symptomatic, which is less than asymptomatic VTE. More than half of VTEs in this study developed in ovarian cancer patients. The results are compatible with earlier reports that among gynecologic malignancies, the incidence of VTE is highest in ovarian cancer.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 1990

673 third-year students of boy's and girl's high schools in Taegu city and Kuni-gun and Youngyang-gun and Euisung-gun in Kyongbuk province were selected and investigated as the subject, of this study on the correlation between Lee Jae Ma's Four Types of Essential Physical Constitution and Physical Form index. The result of the study was found as follows. First, as for Height, the findings were not identical with the expression that "person of shaoyin(minor Yin) Type are short and small -- while person of Taiyin (major Yin) Type are tall and big," cited in classification of four different constitutions in a document named "Dong-Eu-Su-Se-Bo-Won". Comparison of persons of Shaoyang (minor Yang) - Type proved infitness due to the lack of data on Height in documents concerning Lee Jae Ma's four types of essential physical constitution. Second, as for Sitting Height, the correlation was prored between the findings of this study and the expression in the above document describing external physical characteristics of shaoyin-Type persons that "The upper part and' the lower part of the body are well balanced", but in point of Relative Sitting Height, none between the two. Third, as for Chest-Girth and Relative Chest-Girth plus Weight and Relative Weight, the expression that "Persons of Taiyin(major Yin) Type have the largest physique of the lour types of persons in the characteristics of external physical features, and that they also tend to have continental(widechest or large-scaled) character and strong nerve, that they are stoutly-built and fal." proved to have the correlation with the findings of this study. Fourth, in point of Chest-Girth and Relative Chest-Girth, this study found that its findings have the correlation with the phrase that "Chests are well developed upwar -- and sturdy and solid." in describing the characteristics of Shaoyang (minor Yang)-Type person' external physical features, and that with the phrase that "Chests are narrow" in the case of Shaoyin(minor Yin)-Type persons. Fifth, as for Weight and Relative Weight, the correlation was found between the findings and the expression that "shaoyin-Type persons have comparatively less flesh" as a sign of external physical characteristics of Shaoyin-Type persons. The above-cited findings proved that there exist some correlations between external physique of the Lee Jae Ma's four types of essential constitution and physical Form Indexes. Actually, however, in clinical classification, it is desirable that this approach should be consulted only after carefull consideration based on Lee Jae Ma's theory, and it seems imperative to continue the study of objectivization of Lee's theory.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.151-158
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• 1998

통상 유방 초음파 검사에서 후방 에코 감소는 악성종괴를 나타내는 기준으로 여겨져왔다. 그러나 저자들의 입상경험에서 후방 에코 감소를 보이지 않던 종괴가 술후 조직검사에서 악성 종양으로 판명되는 경우가 적지 않았다. 하여 저자들은 유방의 조직학적 구성 요소중 어떤 것이 후방 에코 감소에 영향을 미치는가에 대해 침윤성 관상피암(유방암중의 한 종류에 국한되지만 유방암의 대부분을 차지한다.)으로 판정된 26례를 대상으로 후향적으로 분석해보았다. 후방 에코 양상을 다양한 조직학적 소견, 예를 들면, 결체조직의 양, 탄력섬유증 (elastosis)의 정도, 조직괴사의 정도, 육안적 경계, 종괴내 염증반응, 조직학적 분화도, 유분열지수 (mitotic index)등과 비교 분석하였다. 아홉예 (35%)가 후방 에코 감소를 보였고, 17례 (65%)가 후방 에코 증가를 보였다. 후방 에코 감소를 보인 종괴들은 많은 결체조직과 고탄력섬유증, 그리고 불분명한 경계를 보였다(p<0.05). 하지만 나머지 조직학적 요소들은 후방 에코 감소에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 저자들의 연구에 의하면 유방 초음파 검사에서 종괴내 결체조직의 양과 탄력섬유증의 정도에 의해 후방 에코 증감을 보여 단순히 후방 에코 감소 그 자체가 악성을 시사하는 소견으로 받아들이기 어려울 것으로 생각한다.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1998

The result of studying papers about management of lower back pain published in domestic and foreign nursing and medical magazines in these 10 years is as follows ; 1. General characteristic of lower back pain ; 1) In sex distribution, there were more men than women in 5 papers and more women than men in 4 papers among 9 papers surveryed. 2) In age distribution, thirties to forties of patients had more lower back pain as surveyed by general hospitals and fifties to sixties of patients had more lower back pain as surveyed by oriental medical hospitals. 3) In cause factor, there were 50 to 65% of sprain, 32 to 44% of herniated intervertebral disc and 13 to 29% of degenerative changes. 4) In symtom distribution, there were 26 to 57% of lower back pain, 42 to 65% of lower back pain with radiating pain and 34 to 99% of paravertevral muscle spasm. 5) In period of pain management distribution, 18 to 40% of patients experienced pain for less than 6 months and 59 to 82% of them experienced pain for more than 6 months in 3 papers among 4 papers. 6) In surveying the treatment, 66 to 88% of patients had conservative treatment and there were treatments of general hospital, oriental medicine, self remedy and traditional practice in conservative treatment. 7) In job distribution, 12 to 50% of them were housekeepers, 23 to 31% office workers, 4.6 to 36% blue color workers and 11 to 15% students. 2. As psychological character lower back pain paients had anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, phobic anxiety, neurasthenia, hypochondriasis, and interpersonal sensitivity. 3. To distinguish the cause of lower back pain, plain lumbar roentgenogram, straight leg rasing test, eletromyelogic findings, somatosensory evoked potentials CT and MRI were performed. 4. To relieve lower back pain. epidural adhesiolysis, epidulal injection of local anesthetic in mixture with steroid, lumbar spinal root block, low level laser therapy, acupuncture like transcutaneous nerve stimulation(AL TENS), topical capsaicin and lumbar orthotics were used in medical field, and relaxation technique was used in nursing field. 5. Mckenzie's extension exercise and William's flexsion exercise for lower back pain were used in medical field and Yoga exercise was applied in nursing field. 6. The more school education and self efficacy were high, the better they had active coping lower back pain positively and the less self efficacy was the more they had serious pain. As a result of studying the paper there have been very little research for lower back pain in nursing fields of Korea and foreign countries. Because 60 to 80% of population expeience lower back pain at least more than once, it is necessary to develop the study and clinical practice for management of lower back pain.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 ROC를 이용하여 일반 촬영기기에 따른 영상의 질을 평가해보고자 함이다. 본 연구의 수행을 위하여 CR(Computed Radiography)과 DDR(Direct Digital Radiography)을 사용하였으며 피사체로 흉부 팬텀을 사용하였다. 각 기기에서 영상을 획득한 후 ROC평가를 이용하여 영상의 질 및 기기의 특성을 평가하였다. 조사 조건으로 관전압 120kVp와 관전류량 3.2 mAs를 이용하였고 SID(Source to Image Distance)는 180cm로 설정하였다. 팬텀의 심장, 폐야, 흉추부위에 병소를 표현하였으며 각 장비에서 획득한 영상의 질 및 기기의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 방사선학 전공자 29명을 대상으로 ROC평가를 실시하였다. ROC 평가 결과 DDR의 TPF(true positive fraction)는 0.552, FPF(false positive fraction)는 0.474, CR의 TPF는 0.629, FPF는 0.405로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 CR의 영상이 DDR의 영상보다 더 나은 영상의 질을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 영상의 질의 확연한 차이의 원인은 DDR의 경우 enhance board의 미 삽입으로 인한 영상 후처리의 미수행이라고 사료된다. 추후 DDR의 enhance board의 삽입 후 영상의 후처리가 가미된 DDR영상의 질에 대한 연구가 필요하며 본 연구의 결과로 인하여 영상의 후처리가 임상의 판독에 있어서 매우 중요한 요소임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.42-45
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• 2010

만성의 비강 삼출물 및 비출혈로 내원한 5마리의 개와 2마리의 고양이가 내원하여 일반 방사선 검사 및 컴퓨터단층촬영 (CT), 비강의 세포학적 검사와 미생물학적 검사를 실시하여 비염으로 진단한 증례를 선정하여 이의 CT 영상의 특징을 비교 평가하였다. 비강의 일반 방사선 검사에서 3 증례에서만 비강의 비정상 소견을 확인하였다. CT 검사 결과, 비강 (7증례) 및 전두동 (3 증례), 비인두 (2증례)에서 공동을 갖는 isodense한 병변을 확인하였으며 비중격의 소실 (4 증례), 비갑개의 파괴 (5 증례), 상악 (3 증례) 또는 경구개 (3 증례)의 골융해 소견이 관찰되었다. 병변의 조영증강효과는 5 증례에서 확인하였다. CT는 비강의 질병을 평가하고 특히 병변의 범위를 결정하는데 매우 유용하다.