• Atmosphere
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

A constraint based on climatology is introduced to the cost function of the three-dimensional variational assimilation (3dVar) to correct the error of the zonal mean wind structure in the global data assimilation system at Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The revised cost function compels the analysis fit to the chosen climatology while keeping the balance between the variables in the course of analysis. The constraint varies selectively with the vertical level and the horizontal scale of the motion. The zonally averaged wind field from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis 40 (ERA-40) is used as a climatology field in the constraint. The constraint controls only the zonally averaged stratospheric long waves with total wave number less than 20 to fix the error of the large scale wind field in the stratosphere. The constrained 3dVar successfully suppresses the erroneous westerly in the stratospheric analysis promptly, and has been applied on the operational global 3dVar system at KMA.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.315-329
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• 2016

Public R&D investment information has diverse implications for researching R&D trends. Also, as it is important for the establishment of R&D policy to grasp the current situation and trends of R&D to improve science and technology level, science and technology information service system, such as NTIS (National Science & Technology Information Service), is operated at a national level in most countries. However, since the data forms provided by current NTIS are raw data, it is necessary to develop the R&D performance indicator or to use additional scientometric methods by analyzing scientific papers or scientific R&D project information for grasping R&D trends or analyzing R&D task results. Thus, this study applied public R&D investment information to investigate and monitor R&D trends in the field of information & communication technology (ICT) of meteorology and climatology by using NTIS data of Korea and NSF (National Science Foundation) data of USA.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.777-784
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• 2001

Evaluation of the granulosa cell (GC) monolayers developed from small (<5 mm) and large (>5 mm) follicles on the meiotic competence of caprine oocytes during in vitro maturation was done in this study in comparison to the granulosa cell coculture. Ovaries were collected from the local abattoir and follicular contents were aspirated for the monolayer culture. For IVM the oocytes were collected by puncturing the nonatretic follicles (>4 mm). Results revealed that at the same seeding rate, small follicular granulosa cell monolayer achieved confluence 24-48 h earlier than large follicular granulosa cell monolayer. GC monolayers significantly p (<0.05) improved the rate of meiotic resumption and nuclear maturation (84.76% vs 74.74%) after 27 h of culture in comparison to GC coculture. Statistically there was no significant difference in the maturation rate between the caprine oocytes matured over small or large follicular GC monolayers. It is concluded from the present study that GC monolayers support better nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of growing caprine oocytes which is evident by better maturation rate over GC monolayer as compared to the oocytes matured with GC coculture. Granulosa cells from small and large follicles can be used for IVM with more or less in the same efficiency after conditioning them with maturation media in 18-24 h before the onset of culture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.1031-1034
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• 1999

Circulating lymphocytes collected from control and heat-stressed buffaloes were subjected to in vitro culture with glucocorticoids, epinephrine or serotonin and their effect, if any, on the release of intracellular prolactin (PRL) was studied using ELISA and C-ELISA techniques. It was noted from the study that PRL level was higher in lymphocytes than in plasma of the control and heat-stressed animals, and that the PRL levels increased in the plasma of heat-stressed animals compared to that of non stressed animals with a significant decrease in lymphocytic PRL content by heat stress. Epinephrine and serotonin significantly increased the release of intracellular PRL from the lymphocytes of both in the control and the heat-stressed buffaloes but release of PRL from lymphocyte was not significantly changed by cortisol treatment in both control and heat-stressed buffaloes as compared to epinephrine and serotonin in vitro. When lympocytes were incubated with serotonin, it caused drastic lysis of the lymphocytes but epinephirine and cortisol did not show any lysis. It may be concluded from this study that hormones like epinephrine or serotonin known to increase during stress, release intracellular PRL from lymphocytes, the satellite PRL storage/synthesizing organ of blood, although the mechanism of the release is different.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2023

Wind speed data from Nepal and adjoining countries have been analyzed to estimate an extreme wind speed climatology for the region. Previously wind speed information for Nepal was adopted from the Indian National Standard and applied to two orographically different regions: above and below 3000 m elevation respectively. Comparisons of the results of this analysis are made with relevant codes and standards. The study confirms that the assigned basic wind speed of 47 m/s for the plains and hills of Nepal (below 3000 m) is appropriate, however, data to substantiate a basic wind speed of 55 m/s above 3000 m is unavailable. Using a composite analysis of 15 geographically similar stations, the study also generated 435 years of annual maxima wind data and fitted them to Type I and Type III extreme value distributions. The results suggest that Type III distribution may better represent the data. The findings are also consistent with predictions made by Holmes and Weller (2002) and to a certain extent those of Sarkar et al. (2014), but lower than the analysis undertaken by Lakshmanan et al. (2009) for northern India. The study also highlights that the use of a load factor of 1.5 on wind load implies lower strength design MRI's of around 260 years compared to the 700 years of ASCE 7-22.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.34.2-34.2
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.11-14
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• 2003

Development pollution control strategies relies on photo-chemical transport models. These models integrate of mesoscale meteorological models with chemical moduls. In this study, the PSU/NCAR mesoscale meteorological model with CAMx is used to investigate the temporal and spatial dynamics of the photochemical air pollution in urban atmosphere of Istanbul for selected high ozone days. The ozone climatology for the selected days and model simulations are presented.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.157-157
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• 2002

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.43.2-43.2
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• 2007

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2016.09a
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• pp.210-214
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• 2016