• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.49-74
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• 2010

Cities are major sources of greenhouse gas emissions but also suitable places for implementing proactive climate mitigation and adaptation strategies. Based on the interdisciplinary review of literature, we categorize the current discussion about urban climate mitigation and adaptation planning, policy and practices into four perspectives - sustainability science, global change science, multilevel governance, and structural engineering. While these four schools of thought have distinct perspectives rooted in different disciplinary lenses, our synthesis of the literature identifies several universal themes that are common to all of the perspectives in the context of combating threats posed by climate change. The Portland case study illustrates that a city can make changes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase adaptive capacity to climate change impacts by implementing smart growth, devising local climate action plans that target emission reductions in various sectors, recognizing the interactions and influences of multiple scales of governance, and supporting the installation of various green infrastructures that contribute to green economy. Furthermore, a university can serve as a hub in this climate mitigation and adaptation arena by connecting various levels of community organizations in both public and private sectors, creating innovative research centers and spatially explicit green infrastructure, designing impact assessments and campus carbon inventories, and engaging students and the larger community through service learning.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.67
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• pp.415-447
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the direction that Christian education should take as an ecological education in the crisis of climate change. What climate change shows is that it is impossible to survive even if the Earth's temperature rises by only 2-3 degrees. However, our current appearance is concerned about the crisis of climate change as long as we do not change our lives. First, the meaning of climate change and its causes were examined. The anthropocentric worldview, modern industrial, scientific and technological growth, and consumption-oriented social structure can be cited as the causes. An anthropocentric worldview justifies everything from the human point of view, and nature is the subject of human domination, but one regarded as a tool. In addition, as the scale of human economic activity increases, energy consumption increases, and the threat of ecosystem destruction increases with the increase in energy consumption. Individual affluence and increased consumption are exacerbating ecosystem tensions. In order to solve the problem of climate change, ecological education clues were found in the Bible. Through creation, the relationship between humans and nature was identified as coexistence and coexistence. Through the principle of sabbath, it is possible to bring about the restoration of humans and nature, and from the point of view of the incarnation, the world was understood as the 'body' of God. Based on these clues, the direction of Christian ecological education was explored by suggesting a transition to an ecological paradigm, restoration of creative spirituality, and cultivation of ecological imagination. In the crisis of climate change, it is hoped that the recovery of the earth will take place and that we will be able to stand again as a responsible being through the Christian ecological educational approach.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.667-680
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• 2021

We investigated changes in frost days and frost-free periods and to comparatively assess frost event prediction models developed using logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. The meteorological variables for the model development were collected from the Suwon, Cheongju, and Gwangju stations for the period of 1973-2019 for spring (March - May) and fall (September - November). The developed models were then evaluated by Precision, Recall, and f-1 score and graphical evaluation methods such as AUC and reliability diagram. The results showed that significant decreases (significance level of 0.01) in the frequencies of frost days were at the three stations in both spring and fall. Overall, the evaluation metrics showed that the performance of RF was highest, while that of LSTM was lowest. Despite higher AUC values (above 0.9) were found at the three stations, reliability diagrams showed inconsistent reliability. A further study is suggested on the improvement of the predictability of both frost events and the first and last frost days by the frost event prediction models and reliability of the models. It would be beneficial to replicate this study at more stations in other regions.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.165-178
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• 2014

National and local governmental adaptation plan for climate change will become mandatory in 2015. In order to establish the plan, assessment of vulnerability to climate change needs to be preceded. LCCGIS, a toolkit for vulnerability assessment, has been widely used by many local governments. However, assessment results by LCCGIS are not yet reliable because most of the vulnerability indices applied to LCCGIS　have the same value for almost all administrative units in Korea. In this study, proxy variables for hard-collectable indices were introduced, and the results were compared with those without any proxy variables. Vulnerability assessment could be conducted subjectively due to uncertainty. Thus, determination of objective indices, understanding the available data, and changes of indices in local conditions were organized. Results from this study are expected to make vulnerability assessment reliable and contribute to assessing vulnerability to climate change reflecting on local governmental characteristics.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2012

This research proposes the direction for the assessment of local government infrastructure vulnerabilities relating to climate change driven flood and analyzes the assessment result. In this research, the local government infrastructures are evaluated by three indices such as exposure, infrastructure sensitivity, adaptive capacity and each index is calculated by selected alternative variable. Climate change scenario(A1B) developed on National Institute of Environmental Research is used to calculate present and future(2020, 2050, 2100s) exposure. As the result of infrastructure vulnerability assessment on present, the infrastructures in Seoul, Northern Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, coastal area of Gyeongsangnam-do are vulnerable to flooding. For future, although the spatial pattern of flooding vulnerable infrastructure are similar, the flooding vulnerabilities of infrastructure in Gyeonggido and Ganwon-do would be increased as close to 2100s. It is expected that this research can be utilized as the preliminary analysis for climate change adaptation in local government infrastructure because this research propose the method for the assessment of local government infrastructure vulnerability relating to climate change driven flood and the result such as a trend of infrastructure vulnerability to flooding and the level of contribution of each index and alternative variable.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2022

The optimization of long-range ensemble climate prediction for rice phenology model with advanced bias correction method is conducted. The daily long-range forecast(6-month) of mean/ minimum/maximum temperature and observation of January to October during 1991-2021 is collected for rice phenology prediction. In this study, the concept of "buffer period" is newly introduced to reduce the problem after bias correction by quantile mapping with constructing the transfer function by month, which evokes the discontinuity at the borders of each month. The four experiments with different lengths of buffer periods(5, 10, 15, 20 days) are implemented, and the best combinations of buffer periods are selected per month and variable. As a result, it is found that root mean square error(RMSE) of temperatures decreases in the range of 4.51 to 15.37%. Furthermore, this improvement of climatic variables quality is linked to the performance of the rice phenology model, thereby reducing RMSE in every rice phenology step at more than 75~100% of Automated Synoptic Observing System stations. Our results indicate the possibility and added values of interdisciplinary study between atmospheric and agriculture sciences.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 2023

In response to environmental demands, pyrolysis is one of the practical methods for obtaining reusable oils from waste plastics. However, the waste plastic pyrolysis oils (WPPO) are consumed as low-grade fuel oil due to their impurities. Thus, this study focused on the upgrading method to obtain naphtha catalytic cracking feedstocks from WPPO by the hydroprocessing, including hydrotreating and hydrocracking reaction. Especially, various transition metal sulfides supported catalysts were investigated as hydrotreating and hydrocracking catalysts. The catalytic performance was evaluated with a 250 ml-batch reactor at 370~400 ℃ and 6.0 MPa H₂. Sulfur-, nitrogen-, and chlorine-compounds in WPPO were well eliminated with nickel-molybdenum/alumina catalysts. The NiMo/ZSM-5 catalyst has the highest naphtha yield.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.spc
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• pp.51-60
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• 2019

In this study, we performed At-site Frequency Analysis(AFA) and Regional Frequency Analysis(RFA) using the observed and climate change scenario data, and the relative root mean squared error(RMMSE) was compared and analyzed for both approaches through Monte Carlo simulation. To evaluate the rainfall quantile, the daily rainfall data were extracted for 615 points in Korea from HadGEM3-RA(12.5km) climate model data, one of the RCM(Regional Climate Model) data provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA). Quantile mapping(QM) and inverse distance squared methods(IDSM) were applied for bias correction and spatial disaggregation. As a result, it is shown that the RFA estimates more accurate rainfall quantile than AFA, and it is expected that the RFA could be reasonable when estimating the rainfall quantile based on climate change scenarios.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.407-413
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• 1998

This study reviewed the recent studies for the climate change impact on water resource systems and applied one of the techniques to a real reservoir system - the Skagit hydropower system in U.S.A. The technique assumed that the climate change results in ±5% change in monthly average and/or standard deviation of the observed inflows for the Skagit system. For each case of the altered average and standard deviation, an optimal operating policy was derived using s SDP(Stochastic Dynamic Programming) model and compared with the operating policy for the non-climate change case. The results showed that the oparating policy of the Skagit system is more sensitive to the change in the streamflow average than that in the streamflow standard deviation. The derived operating policies were also simulated using the synthetic streamflow scenarios and their average annual gains were compared as a performance index. To choose the best operating policy among the derived policies, a Bayesian decision strategy was also presented with an example. Keywords : climate change, reservoir operating policy, stochastic dynamic programming, Bayesian decision theory.

• Atmosphere
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.327-340
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• 2021

In this study, the impact of soil moisture initialization in GloSea5, the operational climate prediction system of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), has been investigated for the period of 1991~2010. To overcome the large uncertainties of soil moisture in the reanalysis, JRA55 reanalysis and CMAP precipitation were used as input of JULES land surface model and produced soil moisture initial field. Overall, both mean and variability were initialized drier and smaller than before, and the changes in the surface temperature and pressure in boreal summer and winter were examined using ensemble prediction data. More realistic soil moisture had a significant impact, especially within 2 months. The decreasing (increasing) soil moisture induced increases (decreases) of temperature and decreases (increases) of sea-level pressure in boreal summer and its impacts were maintained for 3~4 months. During the boreal winter, its effect was less significant than in boreal summer and maintained for about 2 months. On the other hand, the changes of surface temperature were more noticeable in the southern hemisphere, and the relationship between temperature and soil moisture was the same as the boreal summer. It has been noted that the impact of land initialization is more evident in the summer hemispheres, and this is expected to improve the simulation of summer heat wave in the KMA's operational climate prediction system.