• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.138-142
• /
• 2000

The effects of stalk cutting time and environmental factors such as air temperature, leaf temperature, solar radiation and leaf moisture content during harvesting and curing in burley tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.) on weight loss of fresh stalks and sunburning in leaves were investigated at Chonju Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute in 1996 and 1997. Twelve to fifteen percent of the fresh weight was lost in 3 to 4 hours after stalk-cutting, and sunburned leaves could be observed in case of stalk cutting between 11:00 and 15:00 O'clock on a clear sunny day, when the air temperature was 34 to 35$^{\circ}C$, leaf temperature 52 to 54$^{\circ}C$, and solar radiation 700 to 940 w/$m^2$. The leaves exposed to this weather condition were sunburned within 1 hour after stalk cutting. But low temperature (below $25^{\circ}C$) with high solar radiation(above 700w/m2) or high temperature(above 3$0^{\circ}C$) with low solar radiation (below 600w$m^2$) did not induce the sunburn damage in leaves. As the leaf temperature and leaf moisture content were higher, the sunburned leaves increased. The leaves at the higher stalk position were more easily sunburned than those at the lower. This result indicates that the immature leaves with higher chlorophyll content might be more susceptible to sunburning.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.540-544
• /
• 1996

To apply the CVD diamond film to coated tools, it is necessary to make adhesion strength between diamond film and substrate stronger. So adhesion strength of diamond coated WC-Co tools using Microwave Plasma CVD and cutting test of Al-18mass%Si alloy using diamond cutting tools were studied. Diamond coating was carried out using Microwave Plasma CVD apparatus. Reaction gas was used mixture of methane and hydrogen. Substrate temperature were varied from 673K to 1173K by control of microwave output power and reaction pressure. By observation of SEM, grain size became larger and larger as substrate temperature became higher and higher. Also all deposits were covered with clear diamond crystals. XRD results, the deposits were identified to cubic diamond. An analysis using Raman spectroscopy, the deposit synthesized at lower substrate temperature (673K) showed higher quality than deposit synthesized at higher substrate temperature (1173K). As a result of scratch adhesion strength test, from 873K to 1173K adhesion strength decreased by rising of substrate temperature. The deposit synthesized at 873K showed best adhesion strength. In the cutting test of Al-18mass%Si alloy using diamond coated tools and the surface machinability of Al-Si works turned with diamond coating tools which synthesized at 873K presented uniform roughness. Cutting performance of Al-18mass%Si alloys using diamond coated WC-Co tools related to the adhesion strength.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 1991

Various concentrations of ${\alpha}$-naphthalence acetic acid(NAA) as a root-promoting substance were tested in hardwood cutting of the mulberry(Morus bombycis Koidz., cultivar : Shinkwangppong) to make clear the callusing effect on the budding and root growth. Budding and shoot growth of cuttings were delayed at high concentrations of NAA within 10 days of callusing. Especially more severe is it at higher than 50ppm. More than 93% of them, however, budded in two weeks when callused at less than 100ppm NAA. Although rooting was accelerated at high concentration of NAA from the bigining of cutting, after that, rooting percentage increased to reach 100% in 35 days of cutting in any concentration except 150ppm with relatively low rooting. Root growth was utmostly accelerated at 50ppm NAA to show the highest amount in number, length and weight of roots per cutting although high concentration of it decreased mean root length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2013

Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb. ex Murray) Koidz. is natively distributed in Korea. The importance of this species has been increased not only for high quality timber but for medicinal and edible uses. However, increasing market demand of K. septemlobus with illegal cutting and overexploitation has resulted in its rapid depletion and destruction of natural habitat. This study was conducted to understand the survival rate and growth characteristics of planted K. septemlobus seedlings with treatment of root pruning, stem cutting and planting density. The survival rate and growth of height and root-collar diameter for one- and two-year old seedlings with different planting densities were investigated in the clear-cut area of a Pinus densiflora stand for five years. One-year-old seedlings were treated with or without root pruning and planted with three density levels (5,000 trees $ha^{-1}$, 10,000 trees $ha^{-1}$, and 40,000 trees $ha^{-1}$). Two-year-old seedlings were treated with and without stem cutting and planted with the density of 5,000 trees $ha^{-1}$. The survival rate of one-year-old seedlings with root pruning treatment in the density of 10,000 trees $ha^{-1}$ was 92%, while that without root pruning in the density of 40,000 trees $ha^{-1}$ was 67% after five years. The height of one-year-old seedlings has been significantly affected only by planting density in the $5^{th}$ year. The survival rate of the two-year-old seedlings with stem cutting was 75.5% and greater than control (67.3%) in the $5^{th}$ year but no difference in height was shown between the two treatments from three years after plantation.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the optimal rooting media composition and plant growth regulators for the mass production of new three cultivars in Dendrobium. Rooting medium experiments showed that shooting rate of 'Fizz' was the highest in perlite (Per) and vermiculite (V) mixture (1 : 1, v/v). Rooting rate of 'Prince' was 10% in the same treatment 60 days after cutting, while those of 'Candy' and 'Fizz' showed no shooting. With various kinds of auxin and different levels of concentrations, shooting rate in the other cultivars except 'Candy' increased highly at 60 days after cutting. Whereas, there were no differences between control and treatment except that of 'Fizz' with 200 ppm of IBA treatments showing 86.7%. Rates of cutting with leaves of 'Candy' and 'Fizz' were fairly high with 200 ppm of IBA compared to the control. Rate of rooting of 'Prince' was twice with 200 ppm of IBA or 50 ppm of NAA compared to the control. With various kinds of cytokinin and different concentrations, shooting rate of 'Candy' was 20% with 50 ppm of BA at 60 days after cutting; however, that of 'Fizz' increased in all treatments in 30 days after cutting and reached 100% with 200 ppm of BA compared to the control which was 77% at 60 days after cutting. Kinetin treatment had little effect on shooting rate compared to control at all concentrations. Treatment with 200 ppm of BA had clear effect on the rate of cutting with leaves of 'Fizz' and 'Prince', which was similar to shooting rate. However, the same treatment of BA had no effect on the rooting rate in all cultivars.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.48-57
• /
• 2017

In the last few years, banks have experienced more challenging market than any other times. They need to find new ways to reconnect with their customers and rebuild their trust. But in the race to the future some banks are taking clear lead. Research works show that while high perform leading banks are different, they also share some common characteristics and principles that have allowed them to move ahead to profitable growth. Cost cutting is no longer enough to succeed in tomorrow's world. Instead, the IT function needs to work shoulder-to-shoulder with the business to support the growth agenda. Therefore "C" level's attention is moving from cost reduction towards customer experience, speeding to market for new offerings, analytics and distribution channel enhancements, taking advantage of several levers that will shape the technology agenda for the high performing organization. Next generation of digital core-banking solutions will improve pre-existing capabilities, introduce new innovations and drive qualities such as flexibility and scalability to support time to market.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.12a
• /
• pp.452-455
• /
• 2004

The influence of wake flow on a flat-plate blade having different shapes near the hailing edge has been investigated in this paper. Two different shapes near the trailing edge namely the pressure surface cutting (TP) and the suction surface cutting (TS) have been used. The calculation has been performed for two different angles of attack (a =10 and 15 degree) in both the cases. RANS equations have been solved using SST-model as a turbulence closure. Cp and CL values obtained for TS are higher compared to those obtained for TP. Also, the vorticity distribution obtained in case of TS is stronger as compared to that obtained in the case of TP The Karmann Vortex is observed in both the cases but it is more clear in TS case. It is found that in the case of TS, flow separation does not occur upto the trailing edge on both the suction and the pressure sides of the blade while in the case of TP, the flow separateson the pressure surface near the trailing edge of the flat-plate blade.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.100 no.2
• /
• pp.240-245
• /
• 2011

Vegetation changes were studied for 16 yr in clearcut logged Pinus densiflora forests in the southern Gangwon-do province in Korea by applying chronosequence approach. Ambient temperature and relative humidity, Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), Multiple Responses Permutation Procedure (MRPP), Indicator Species Analysis (ISPAN) were used to examine successional trajectory and compositional changes. After clearcutting, canopy openness was increased abruptly at three folds (1yr 68.3% and R1 23.0%) and then decreased, but relative moisture was slightly decreased (6%) compare to control site. In the result of DCA, right after clear cutting, vegetation composition was developed heterogeneously compared to control sites, and then approached to control sites within 16 years. Based on MRPP, species composition of each developmental stages (1yr, 3yr, 10yr and 16yr) revealed signigicant differences to that of control vegetation (R1, R3, R10 and R16). Indicator species in 1yr and 3yr samples included various woody species rather than herbaceous species, but in 10yr and 16yr, herbaceous were more abundant. Earlier succession of pine forests likely can explain to Initial Floristic Composition (IFC) Model.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.7
• /
• pp.1029-1035
• /
• 2005

A 3${\times}$4 factorial field experiment with a complete randomised split-plot design with four replicates was conducted from June 2002 to March 2003 at the experimental farm of the Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, to determine effects of different harvesting heights (10, 30 and 50 cm above the ground) and cutting intervals (45, 60, 90 and 285 days) on yield of foliage and tubers, and chemical composition of the foliage. Cassava of the variety KM 94 grown in plots of 5 m${\times}$10 m at a planting distance of 30 cm${\times}$50 cm was hand-harvested according to respective treatments, starting 105 days after planting. Foliage from the control treatment (285 days) and all tubers were only harvested at the final harvest 285 days after planting. Dry matter and crude protein foliage yields increased in all treatments compared to the control. Mean foliage dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yields were 4.57, 3.53, 2.49, and 0.64 tonnes DM $ha^{-1}$ and 939, 684, 495 and 123 kg CP $ha^{-1}$ with 45, 60, 90 and 285 day cutting intervals, respectively. At harvesting heights of 10, 30 and 50 cm the DM yields were 4.27, 3.67 and 2.65 tonnes $ha^{-1}$ and the CP yields were 810, 745 and 564 kg $ha^{-1}$, respectively. The leaf DM proportion was high, ranging from 47 to 65%. The proportion of leaf and petiole increased and the stem decreased with increasing harvesting heights and decreasing cutting intervals. Crude protein content in cassava foliage ranged from 17.7 to 22.6% and was affected by harvesting height and cutting interval. The ADF and NDF contents of foliage varied between 22.6 and 30.2%, and 34.2 and 41.2% of DM, respectively. The fresh tuber yield in the control treatment was 34.5 tonnes $ha^{-1}$. Cutting interval and harvesting height had significant negative effects on tuber yield. The most extreme effect was for the frequent foliage harvesting at 10 cm harvesting height, which reduced the tuber yield by 72%, while the 90 day cutting intervals and 50 cm harvesting height only reduced the yield by 7%. The mean fresh tuber yield decreased by 56, 45 and 27% in total when the foliage was harvested at 45, 60 and 90 day cutting intervals, respectively. It is concluded that the clear effects on quantity and quality of foliage and the effect on tuber yield allow alternative foliage harvesting principles depending on the need of fodder for animals, value of tubers and harvesting cost. An initial foliage harvest 105 days after planting and later harvests with 90 days intervals at 50 cm harvesting height increased the foliage DM and CP yield threefold, but showed only marginal negative effect on tuber yield.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.97 no.2
• /
• pp.181-186
• /
• 2008

Even small changes in phosphorus concentrations in stream water could cause eutrophication because of very low level of phosphorus concentrations in natural waters. I investigated the impact of strip cut and clear cut on phosphorus concentrations in stream water at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and investigated stream water phosphorus concentrations as a function of flow rate and season (as well as cutting history). Mean phosphate concentrations in the control (undisturbed forest) increased $1.9{\mu}g\;L^{-1}\;to\;2.6{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, while strip cut treatment increased phosphate concentrations in stream water $2.2{\mu}g\;L^{-1}\;to\;3.7{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ during the same period. There was no significant effect of clear cut treatment on phosphate concentrations in stream water. No relationships were found between discharge rate and phosphate concentrations, but the magnitude of fluctuation were increased during two decades in undisturbed forest: $1-5{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ from 1963 to 1975 and $1-12{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ from 1983 to 1995. Based on this study, forest harvests with buffer zone will not make a problem by imported phosphate to cause eutrophication in natural water.