• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1048-1061
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• 1996

The most important practical feature that represents the performance of a washing machine is its ability to remove stains or soils from clothes. There are various tests to measure a washing machine's ability to remove stains or soils from clothes. The results of these tests are dependent upon the kind of soiled fabrics used. Moreover, these results may reflect some aspects of the effectiveness of a washing machine in cleaning clothes due to the paritcular compositions of chemicals which comprise soils in soiled fabrics and the particular conditions in which the results are evaluated. After selecting factors presumed to have a major effect on the cleaning ability of a washing machine and choosing most widely used soiled fabrics, we use experimetal statistics methods to screen real factors from them that influence the cleaning ability of a washing machine in a statistically significant manner for each soiled fabric. Using the least number of experimental rules required to extract the necessary information, we then proceed to present the study on the relations between the sets of selected factors and the soiled fabrics. We would then suggest which soiled fabrics is the best for evaluating the performance in cleaning clothes of a washing machine based on the above study.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe cleaning workers' working experiences in Korea. Methods: The data were collected in two focus-group interviews with 9 cleaning workers. The phenomenological analytic method suggested by Colaizzi was used to analyze the data. Results: Five theme clusters and thirteen themes emerged from the analysis. The first theme clusters, 'Dead-end choice' included Limits of elderly women workers, Financial difficulties, Lowered self-esteem. The second theme clusters, 'Facing with discriminatory working environments' included Fear and unfair working conditions. The third theme clusters, 'Potential health problems' included Physical overload, Repeated exposure to hazardous substances and Emotional labor. The fourth theme clusters, 'Excluded from protection of the law' included Gloomy reality and Sexual harassment. The fifth theme clusters, 'Desire to get out of social isolation' included Efforts to maintain the status, Desire to live confidently and Desire to change social recognition. Conclusion: The findings of the study provide understanding on cleaning workers' working experiences to explain by their vision and language and should ensure proper working conditions and environment to live a better life.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to suggest the effective ventilation strategies and control methods that can minimize energy cost maintaining acceptable IAQ level in apartment house. The effects of the air-cleaning and heat-recovery ventilation system on IAQ under various operating conditions are investigated based on the experimental and CFD analyzed results. The results can be summarized as follows. (1) When a ventilator is not operated, the concentration of several pollutants may highly show in the house even though environment-friendly building materials are applied. Therefore, a mechanical ventilation system is required to obtain proper ventilation. (2) The pollutant concentration is noticeably deceased under air-cleaning/ventilation mode of air-clinic system, however, pollutant of kitchen is stagnant, because fresh air is not carried into the kitchen. (3) When air-clinic system is only equipped at master bedroom and living room, the system does not effectively deliver fresh air throughout the whole house, and then high pollutant concentration is obtained in each room. In contrast the average pollutant concentration meets the guideline when air-clinic system is installed at each room. (4) The air-cleaning/ventilation mode significantly affects on room ventilation in comparison with ventilation mode only.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.579-585
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• 2003

Recently the utilization of the ozone dissolved de-ionized water(DI-O3 water) in semiconductor wet cleaning process to replace the conventional RCA methods has been studied. In this paper, we propose the water-electrode type ozone generator which has the ozone gas characteristics of the high concentration and high purity to produce the high concentration DI-O3 water for the silicon wafer surface cleaning process. The ozone generator has the dual dielectric tube structure of silent discharge type and the water is both used to electrode and cooling water. We investigate the performance of the proposed ozone generator which has the design goal of the concentration of 7[wt%] and ozone generation quantity of 6[g/hr] at flow rate of 1[$\ell$/min). The experiment results show that the water electrode type ozone generator has the characteristics of 8.48[wt%] of concentration, 8.08[g/hr] of generation quantity and 76.2[g/kWh] of yield and it's possible to use the proposed ozone generator for the DI-O3 water cleaning process of silicon wafer surface.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.295-303
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• 2022

Residential heating systems in South Korea are largely based on the use of ondol pipelines. Heat is transferred to the floor by passing hot water through a metal or plastic pipe buried within the concrete of the floor. Consequently, it is difficult to clean the inside of these pipes after installation. Over time, foreign substances such as scale accumulate in the pipe when the ondol heating method is used for an extended period. Therefore, in the past, pipes were cleaned by removing foreign substances attached to the inside surfaces of the pipes using high-pressure water or by disassembling the pipes and removing foreign substances with chemical agents. Recently, a method for removing foreign substances through the cavitation effect of ultrasound has been proposed. This idea might lead to the development of new technologies for cleaning pipe interiors. Consequently, this study investigated the use of ultrasound to clean pipes embedded in concrete. In this study, devices that generated ultrasonic waves with various frequencies and directions were prepared. After preparing arbitrarily contaminated pipes, the appropriate frequency, output strength, and output direction for each foreign substance were determined through repeated experiments. The results of this experiment could provide important information for future methods of cleaning the interior of ondol piping systems.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

은제품은 대기의 아황산가스나 황화수소 등과 반응하여 검게 변색된다. 검은 변색은 표면에 황화은이 형성되는 것으로 보존처리시 제거하는 것이 일반적이다. 황화은을 제거하는 방법은 화학적, 전기화학적, 미세마모법 등을 사용하지만 모두 은의 손실을 초래한다. 따라서 본 연구는 표면 오염물만을 선택적으로 제거할 수 있는 레이저클리닝을 은시편에 실험하여 안전하고 효율적인 레이저 조건을 알아보고자 하였다. 먼저 부식되지 않은 순수한 은에 레이저를 조사하여 안전한 레이저에너지밀도 범위를 확인하였다. 실험 결과 은은 1064nm $4.00J/cm^2$ 이하, 532nm $2.39J/cm^2$ 이하 레이저에너지밀도 범위에서 안전하였다. 인공적으로 부식시킨 은판의 부식층(황화은)은 레이저조건 1064nm $2.39J/cm^2$로 약 5~10회, 532nm $1.19J/cm^2$로 5~10회 조사하였을 때 제거되었다. AES를 이용하여 레이저 펄스당 제거되는 부식층 두께를 확인한 결과 약 13 ~ 25nm이다. 은 시편의 레이저클리닝 조건을 은제품에 적용한 결과 표면의 검은 부식층이 제거되었으며 은 광택도 유지되었다. 이를 통해 은제품의 레이저클리닝 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.903-913
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the content analysis of daily tooth cleaning service records by caregivers in a long-term care facility. Methods: The data were analyzed by qualitative research based on content analysis of the daily records of the processes and results of daily tooth cleaning service. Twenty caregivers provided tooth, gum and denture cleaning service after breakfast, lunch, and dinner to 48 elderly residents. The study lasted about two weeks(from August 4 to August 20, 2014). The researcher reconstructed the language by repeatedly reviewing the caregivers statements in the records. The content categories were derived from the records through a reiterative manual comparative analysis. Using constant comparison method, reconstructed meanings were incorporated into various meanings and reanalyzed by final categories called as analytic coding. In order to validate the reliability, 6 times of discussion made the common meanings through a master's degree student and a dental hygiene professor. Results: The caregivers identified lack of understanding and ability to recognize the functional physical and mental changes in the elderly. The elderly had difficulty in recognizing silent communication and daily tooth cleaning. The caregivers were so strenuous in taking care of the daily tooth cleaning service for the elderly. At last, they gave up the daily tooth cleaning service and took on it to the guardians. They found that there was no social supporting network for oral health of the elderly residents. Conclusions: Caregivers had insufficient understanding of the functional physical and mental changes in the elderly residents, and they had difficulty providing daily tooth cleaning service to the elderly due to poor skill and abilities.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2013

목적: 본 연구에서는 눈 화장품인 아이라이너에 노출시킨 소프트 콘택트렌즈의 파라미터가 어떻게 변하는가를 알아보고, 세척방법을 달리하여 세척하였을 때의 세척효과와 렌즈 파라미터의 회복정도를 비교하고자 하였다. 방법: 서로 다른 재질로 제조된 3종류의 소프트 콘택트렌즈에 각각 1시간, 4시간 및 6시간 동안 아이라이너를 침착시킨 후 안경용 초음파 세척 및 손 세척을 시행하였으며, 세척 전후 렌즈의 가시광선 투과도, 직경 및 표면의 변화를 비교하였다. 결과: 소프트 콘택트렌즈의 가시광선 투과도는 아이라이너의 침착시간이 길어질수록 감소하였다. 렌즈의 표면을 관찰한 결과 아이라이너의 침착 양상은 렌즈재질의 물성에 따라 다르게 나타나 narafilcon A 재질 렌즈에서 가장 침착이 큼을 알 수 있었다. 렌즈 직경은 hilafilcon B 및 etafilcon A 재질 렌즈는 감소하였으나, narafilcon A재질 렌즈는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 아이라이너의 침착은 안경용 초음파 세척기를 이용한 세척보다는 다목적 용액을 이용한 손 세척 시 세척효율이 우수한 것으로 나타났으나 렌즈의 직경이나 가시광선 투과도, 렌즈표면 등 렌즈 파라미터가 원래 상태로 회복되는 데에는 한계가 있었다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 소프트렌즈를 착용한 상태에서 눈 화장 하는 것을 최소화하는 것이 옳으며, 반복적으로 눈 화장을 할 때에는 렌즈 파라미터의 변화를 고려한 착용시간의 단축이나 빠른 렌즈의 교체주기가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2007

According to the advantageous features of flash memory, its exploitation and application in mobile and ubiquitous related devices as well as voluminous storage devices is being increased rapidly. The inherent properties that are determined by configuration of flash memory unit might restrict the promising expansion in its utilization. In this paper, we study policies based on threshold values, instead of using global search, in order to satisfy our objective that is to decrease the necessary processing cost or penalty for recycling of flash memory space at the same time minimizing the potential degradation of performance. The proposed cleaning methods create partitions of candidate memory regions, to be reclaimed as free, by utilizing global or dynamic threshold values. The impact of the proposed policies is evaluated through a number of experiments, the composition of the optimal configuration featuring the methods is tested through experiments as well.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1639-1658
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• 2019

Named entity recognition (NER) is an important technique for improving the performance of data mining and big data analytics. In previous studies, NER systems have been employed to identify named-entities using statistical methods based on prior information or linguistic features; however, such methods are limited in that they are unable to recognize unregistered or unlearned objects. In this paper, a method is proposed to extract objects, such as technologies, theories, or person names, by analyzing the collocation relationship between certain words that simultaneously appear around specific words in the abstracts of academic journals. The method is executed as follows. First, the data is preprocessed using data cleaning and sentence detection to separate the text into single sentences. Then, part-of-speech (POS) tagging is applied to the individual sentences. After this, the appearance and collocation information of the other POS tags is analyzed, excluding the entity candidates, such as nouns. Finally, an entity recognition model is created based on analyzing and classifying the information in the sentences.