• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

Many traffic centers are highly hesitant in employing existing Automatic Incident Detection Algorithms due to high false alarm rate, low detection rate, and enormous effort taken in maintaining algorithm parameters, together with complex algorithm structure and filtering/smoothing process. Concerns grow over the situation particularly in Freeway Incident Management Area This study proposes a new algorithm and introduces a novel concept, the Displaced Flow Index (DiFI) which is similar to a product of relative speed and relative occupancy for every execution period. The algorithm structure is very simple, also easy to understand with minimum parameters, and could use raw data without any additional pre-processing. To evaluate the performance of the DiFI algorithm, validation test on the algorithm has been conducted using detector data taken from Naebu Expressway in Seoul and following transferability tests with Gyeongbu Expressway detector data. Performance test has utilized many indices such as DR, FAR, MTTD (Mean Time To Detect), CR (Classification Rate), CI (Composite Index) and PI (Performance Index). It was found that the DR is up to 100%, the MTTD is a little over 1.0 minutes, and the FAR is as low as 2.99%. This newly designed algorithm seems promising and outperformed SAO and most popular AIDAs such as APID and DELOS, and showed the best performance in every category.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.342-345
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• 2019

The standards for the contents of glyphosate and glufosinate in foods are specific and well categorized. However, the standard of content in animal feeds is relatively inadequate and the classification is insufficient. There is also constant debate about the risk of glyphosate and glufosinate to human health, but the risk to animals has not been well studied. In this study, we established an analytical method in feeds that is estimated to be the path for animals to ingest glyphosate. The solvent extraction was carried out using 25% methanol. After centrifugation, samples were purified using solid phase extraction (SPE) and quantitatively analysed using LC-MS/MS after concentrated. Assessment of validation was conducted through detection limits, accuracy, and precision tests. The detection limits for the established method were 1.8 of ${\mu}g/kg$ of glufosinate and $2.4{\mu}g/kg$ of glyphosate. Accuracy was ranged from 94.4% to 103.4% and precision was range from 1.5% to 7.2%. Glufosinate was detected in one sample ($ND{\sim}8.8{\mu}g/kg$) and glyphosate was detected in all but one sample ($ND{\sim}337.0{\mu}g/kg$) by applying the analytical method to animal feeds (n=13).

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.253-264
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• 2009

The purpose of seed certification is to preserve the genetic purity and identity of seed varieties. This study is to provide information concerning seed certification procedures and certification standards of Kentucky bluegrass especially used in golf courses. We analyzed data from the seed certification standards of three states (Washington, Idaho and Oregon) in U.S.A. The certification processes both field inspection and laboratory requirement satisfying the minimum seed quality standards. The seed harvesting field must be propagated with the specified class of seeds and requires an adequate isolated distance from other crops. Moreover, the field should be clean and free from the objectionable weeds. The seed analysis tests include a germination rate, a percentage of pure seed, contents of other crop seed, weed seed, and inert matter. The certification standards of the certified seed and the sod quality seed showed general similarity in all three states. The certification standards of the sod quality seed should have less than 0.02% of maximum weed seed. The certified seed should have less than 0.3% of maximum weed seeds. Those certification standards of seed quality should guaranty the quality of turfgrass establishment of golf course.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.500-509
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• 2019

The study looked at the effect of body food on stress reduction and NK cell activity in improving natural healing for nurses, and examined whether it is effective in preventing and curing human health. The study was conducted for 30 days on 22 nurses who currently worked for more than a year at a general hospital in Gyeonggi Province. Stress measurements were conducted through pulse wave measuring instrument, and blood tests were conducted on the activity of NK cells. Treatment of collected data was performed by Paired t-testing through the Stat program SPSS 21 and providing body food suitable for the physical quality of participants after the classification of the body based on the internal diameter of the emperor and scholarship. Studies have shown that the effect on reducing the stress of body food has significant positive effects and that body food is effective for the activity of NK cells. This study has the following significance: First, the main health threat factor for modern people is the increased resistance of natural healing through body food to stress, which has the potential to prevent disease. Second, immunodeficiency in disease prevention and treatment is very important, which can increase the natural healing power of the human body by increasing the activity of NK cells through body food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.28-36
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• 2018

There was a difference in recognition of respirators according to the educational performance environment. they were showed higher recognition of respirators of group by internal and external mix trainer, less than 6 months, over 1hour, more than 5 times, variety of education. To identify the relationship between types of job classification(typical and atypical)and the levels of recognition of respirators, a total of 153 workers in a business workplace. mainly, typical workers showed higher recognition of respirators than atypical workers. Training of correct wearing showed high demands both typical and atypical workers. Descriptive statistics(SAS ver 9.2)was performed. the results of recognition of respirators were analyzed the mean and standard deviation by t-test, and anova, fit factor is used geometric means(geometric standard deviation), paired t-test, Wilcoxon analysis(P=0.05). Particulate filtering facepiece respirators (PFFR) is one of the most widely used items of personal protective equipments, and a tight fit of the respirators on the wearers is critical for the protection effectiveness. In order to effectively protect the workers through the respirators, it is important to find and evaluate the ways that can be readily applicable at the workplace to improve the fit of the respirators. This study was designed to evaluate effects of mask style (cup or foldable type) and donning training on fit factors (FF) of the respirators, since these are available at various workplace, especially at small business workplace. A total of 40 study subjects, comprised of employment type workers in metalworking industries, were enrolled in this study. The FF were quantitatively measured before and after training related to the proper donning and use of cup or foldable-type respirators. The pass/fail criterion of FF was set at 100. After the donning training for the cup-type mask, fit test were increased by 769%. but foldable-type mask was also increased after the donning training, the GM of FF for the foldable-type mask and it's increase rate were smaller as compared to the cup-type mask. Furthermore, the differences of the increase rates of the GM of FF in employment type of the subjects were not significantly for the foldable-type mask. These results imply that the raining on the donning and use of PFFR can enhance the protection effectiveness of cup or foldable-type mask, and that the training effects for the foldable-type mask is less significant than that for the cup-type mask. Therefore, it is recommended that the donning training and fit tests should be conducted before the use of the PFFR, and listening to workers opinion regularly.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1191-1204
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• 2012

As attackers try to paralyze information security systems, many researchers have investigated security testing to analyze vulnerabilities of information security products. Penetration testing, a critical step in the development of any secure product, is the practice of testing a computer systems to find vulnerabilities that an attacker could exploit. Security testing like penetration testing includes gathering information about the target before the test, identifying possible entry points, attempting to break in and reporting back the findings. Therefore, to obtain maximum generality, re-usability and efficiency is very useful for efficient security testing and vulnerability hunting activities. In this paper, we propose a threat analysis based software security testing technique for evaluating that the security functionality of target products provides the properties of self-protection and non-bypassability in order to respond to attacks to incapacitate or bypass the security features of the target products. We conduct a security threat analysis to identify vulnerabilities and establish a testing strategy according to software modules and security features/functions of the target products after threat analysis to improve re-usability and efficiency of software security testing. The proposed technique consists of threat analysis and classification, selection of right strategy for security testing, and security testing. We demonstrate our technique can systematically evaluate the strength of security systems by analyzing case studies and performing security tests.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.325-340
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• 2020

Early diagnosis and intervention of dementia is critical to minimize future risk and cost for patients and their families. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate Figure-Copy Test(FCT), as a new dementia screening test, that can measure neurological damage and cognitive impairment, and then to examine whether the grading precesses for screening can be automated through machine learning procedure by using FCT imag es. For this end, FCT, Korean version of MMSE for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS) and Clock Drawing Test were administrated to a total of 270 participants from normal and damaged elderly groups. Results demonstrated that FCT scores showed high internal constancy and significant correlation coefficients with the other two test scores. Discriminant analyses showed that the accuracy of classification for the normal and damag ed g roups using FCT were 90.8% and 77.1%, respectively, and these were relatively higher than the other two tests. Importantly, we identified that the participants whose MMSE-DS scores were higher than the cutoff but showed lower scores in FCT were successfully screened out through clinical diagnosis. Finally, machine learning using the FCT image data showed an accuracy of 73.70%. In conclusion, our results suggest that FCT, a newly developed drawing test, can be easily implemented for efficient dementia screening.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.12
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• pp.632-641
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• 2021

Background: Over the past few decades, various goals have been defined to reduce the mortality of children caused by acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) worldwide. However, few spatial studies to date have reported on ALRI deaths. Purpose: We aimed to assess the spatial modeling of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years of age during 2000-2017 using a global data. Methods: The data on the mortality of children under 5 years old caused by ALRI were initially obtained from the official website of the World Health Organization. The income status of their home countries was also gathered from the Country Income Groups (World Bank Classification) website and divided into 5 categories. After that, in the ArcGIS 10.6 environment, a database was created and the statistical tests and related maps were extracted. The Global Moran's I statistic, Getis-Ord Gi statistic, and geographically weighted regression were used for the analyses. In this study, higher z scores indicated the hot spots, while lower z scores indicated the cold spots. Results: In 2000-2017, child mortality showed a downward trend from 17.6 per 100,000 children to 8.1 and had a clustered pattern. Hot spots were concentrated in Asia in 2000 but shifted toward African countries by 2017. A cold spot that formed in Europe in 2007 showed an ascending trend by 2017. Based on the results of geographically weighted regression test, the regions identified as the hot spots of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years old were among the middle-income countries (R²=0.01, adjusted R²=8.77). Conclusion: While the total number of child deaths in 2000-2017 has decreased, the number of hot spots has increased among countries. This study also concluded that, during the study period, Central and Western Africa countries became the main new hot spots of deaths from ALRI.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1098-1105
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• 2021

The International Maritime Organization has steadily strengthened environmental regulations on nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide emitted from marine vessels. Consequently, the demand for electric propulsion vessels based on eco-friendly elements has increased. To this end, research and development has been steadily conducted for various vessels. In electric propulsion systems, a redundancy configuration is typically adopted to increase reliability and facilitate the onboard arrangement. Furthermore, studies have been actively conducted to ensure the safety of electric propulsion systems through the combination with digital twin technology. A digital twin can be used to predict outcomes in advance by implementing real-world equipment or space in a virtual world like twins, integrating real-world information and data with the virtual world, and performing computer simulations of situations that can occur in a real environment. In this study, we perform failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) to validate the electric power management system (PMS) redundancy scheme for the digital twin technology development of electric propulsion vessels. Then, we propose the role and algorithm of PMS as a compensation function for preventing primary and secondary damages caused by a single equipment failure of the PMS and preventing additional damages by analyzing the impact on the entire system under real vessel operating conditions based on the redundancy FMEA suggested for the ship classification and certification. We verified the improvement in propulsion conservation through tests.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.3
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• pp.267-279
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• 2023

This research assessed the feasibility of using high-resolution aerial images and deep learning algorithms for estimating the land-use and land-cover areas at the Approach 3 level, as outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The results from different sampling densities of high-resolution (51 cm) aerial images were compared with the land-cover map, provided by the Ministry of Environment, and analyzed to estimate the accuracy of the land-use and land-cover areas. Transfer learning was applied to the VGG16 architecture for the deep learning model, and sampling densities of 4 × 4 km, 2 × 4 km, 2 × 2 km, 1 × 2 km, 1 × 1 km, 500 × 500 m, and 250 × 250 m were used for estimating and evaluating the areas. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the deep learning model were 91.1% and 88.8%, respectively. The F-scores, except for the pasture category, were >90% for all categories, indicating superior accuracy of the model. Chi-square tests of the sampling densities showed no significant difference in the area ratios of the land-cover map provided by the Ministry of Environment among all sampling densities except for 4 × 4 km at a significance level of p = 0.1. As the sampling density increased, the standard error and relative efficiency decreased. The relative standard error decreased to ≤15% for all land-cover categories at 1 × 1 km sampling density. These results indicated that a sampling density more detailed than 1 x 1 km is appropriate for estimating land-cover area at the local level.