• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2017

Background The effect of liposuction on the perforators of the lower abdominal wall has been investigated in several studies. There are controversial results in the literature that have primarily demonstrated the number and patency of the perforators. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of liposuction on the perfusion of perforator-based abdominal flaps using a combined laser-Doppler spectrophotometer (O2C, Oxygen to See, LEA Medizintechnik). Methods Nine female patients undergoing classical abdominoplasty were included in the study. Perforators and the perfusion zones of the deep inferior epigastric artery flap were marked on the patient's abdominal wall. Flap perfusion was quantitatively assessed by measuring blood flow, velocity, capillary oxygen saturation, and relative amount of hemoglobin for each zone preoperatively, after tumescent solution infiltration, following elevation of the flap on a single perforator, and after deep and superficial liposuction, respectively. Results The measurements taken after elevation of the flap were not significantly different than measurements taken after the liposuction procedures. Conclusions The liposuction procedure does not significantly alter the perfusion of perforator-based abdominal flaps in the early period. The abdominal tissue discarded in a classic abdominoplasty operation can be raised as a perforator flap and has been demonstrated to be a unique model for clinical research.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2011

1. Background: This is the first documented study on the four medications for the Mangeum symptomatology (亡陰證) in the Soyangin disease category. The four medications, Hyeongbangsabaek-san (荊防瀉白散), Jeoryeongchajeonja-tang (猪苓車前子湯), Hyeongbangjihwang-tang (荊防地黃湯), and Hwalseokgosam-tang (滑石苦蔘湯), were comparatively analyzed on their compositive principles and respective symptomatologies. 2. Methods: Previous literature, including classical works on earlier Sasang Constitutional Medicine (different editions of Donguisusebowon and Dongmuyugo), were reviewed for relevant material on the Mangeum medications. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) Hyeongbangsabaek-san (荊防瀉白散) is used in pathologies of early stages of invasion of the internal heat in the lower-most burn-center (locus related to the Kidney system). 2) Jeoryeongchajeonja-tang (猪苓車前子湯) is used when pathogenic dampness-heat invades the lower-most burn-center (locus related to the Kidney system). 3) Hyeongbangjihwang-tang (荊防地黃湯) is used to treat deficient heat involving injury of the lower-most burn-center (locus related to the Kidney system). 4) Hwalseokgosam-tang (滑石苦蔘湯) is used when the lower-most burn-center (locus related to the Kidney system) is in the early stages of exhaustion, expecially accompanied by concomitant dampness-heat. 5) The Mangeum symptomatology (亡陰證) was fully understood only after the completion of the 1901 Sinchuk edition (辛丑本) of Donguisusebowon (東醫壽世保元).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.373-377
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• 2001

정상 폐로의 체순환 동맥 공급은 드문 것으로 알려져 있는데 저자들은 단순 흉부 X-선상 우연히 폐의 이상 음영을 발견하여 조영증강 전산화단층촬영상 좌하엽 저분절로 가는 체순환 동맥 분지를 진단한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권2호
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• pp.193-209
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• 2020

This paper presents a new hyperbolic shear deformation plate theory including the stretching effect for free vibration of the simply supported functionally graded plates in thermal environments. The theory accounts for parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strains and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. This theory has only five unknowns, which is even less than the other shear and normal deformation theories. The present one has a new displacement field which introduces undetermined integral variables. Material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent, and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume power laws of the constituents. The equation of motion of the vibrated plate obtained via the classical Hamilton's principle and solved using Navier's steps. The accuracy of the proposed solution is checked by comparing the present results with those available in existing literature. The effects of the temperature field, volume fraction index of functionally graded material, side-to-thickness ratio on free vibration responses of the functionally graded plates are investigated. It can be concluded that the present theory is not only accurate but also simple in predicting the natural frequencies of functionally graded plates with stretching effect in thermal environments.

• 셀메드
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.25.1-25.7
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• 2020

Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an IgE (immunoglobin-E) mediated inflammatory condition of upper respiratory tract; main clinical features involve runny nose, sneezing, nasal obstruction, itching and watery eyes. AR is a global problem and has large variations in incidences, currently affects up to 20% - 40% of the population worldwide. It may not be a life-threatening disease per se but indisposition from the condition can be severe and has the potential to adversely affect the daily functioning of life. Classical yoga literature indicates that, components of yoga have been used to treat numerous inflammatory conditions including upper respiratory tract. A few yoga intervention studies reported improvement in lung capacity, Nasal air flow and symptoms of allergic rhinitis. This review examined various anti-inflammatory pathways mediated through Yoga that include downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The hypothalaminic-pitutary-adrenal (HPA) axis and vagal efferent stimulation has been reported to mediate anti-inflammatory effect. A significant reduction is also reported in other inflammatory biomarkers like- TNF-alpha, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), plasma CRP and Cortisol level. Neti, a yogic nasal cleansing technique, reported beneficial effect on AR by direct physical cleansing of thick mucus, allergens, and inflammatory mediator from nasal mucosa resulting in improved ciliary beat frequency. We do not find any study showing effect of yoga on neurogenic inflammation. In summary, Integrated Yoga Therapy may have beneficial effect in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with allergic rhinitis. Yoga may reduce inflammation through mediating neuro-endocrino-immunological network. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanism how yoga might modulate immune inflammation cascade and neurogenic inflammation at the cellular level in relevance to allergic rhinitis; the effects of kriyas (yogic cleansing techniques) also need to be evaluated in early and late phase of AR. So the proposed model could guide future research.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1973-1978
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that represents a major public health problem. The immunohistochemical determination of breast cancer subtypes with regard to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) status can contribute to improved selection of therapy and patientcare. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the molecular breast cancer subtypes and to assess their associations with classical clinicopathologic parameters for better therapeutic decisions in women with breast cancer in the Ivory Coast. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded blocks of patients diagnosed with primary breast carcinoma were subjected to immunohistochemical assay for the assessment of ER/RP and HER2 expression. The one-way analysis of variance evaluated the difference between breast cancer subtypes and mean age of patients. The Chi-square Test was used to compare standard clinicopathologic prognostic parameters with tumor subtypes. Results. Among 302 patients, 57% were premenopausal and 43% were postmenopausal. The invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (IDC NOS) (82.8%) was the most frequent histological type, and the tumor grade 2 (56%) was predominant followed by grade 3 (20.9%). The proportion of positivity of ER, PR, and HER2 was 56%, 49%, and 15.6%, respectively. Half of patients of this study (51.6%) had luminal A breast tumor type followed by TN (32.1%). Other subtypes were luminal B (10.1% ) and non-luminal HER2+ (6.3%). Conclusions. The findings of the present study are in line with the literature and should assist in management of breast cancer in our country.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 1998년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.15-28
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• 1998

As an alternative for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, we present a vorticity-based integro-differential formulation for vorticity, velocity and pressure variables. One of the most difficult problems encountered in the vorticity-based methods is the introduction of the proper value-value of vorticity or vorticity flux at the solid surface. A practical computational technique toward solving this problem is presented in connection with the coupling between the vorticity and the pressure boundary conditions. Numerical schemes based on an iterative procedure are employed to solve the governing equations with the boundary conditions for the three variables. A finite volume method is implemented to integrate the vorticity transport equation with the dynamic vorticity boundary condition . The velocity field is obtained by using the Biot-Savart integral derived from the mathematical vector identity. Green's scalar identity is used to solve the total pressure in an integral approach similar to the surface panel methods which have been well-established for potential flow analysis. The calculated results with the present mettled for two test problems are compared with data from the literature in order for its validation. The first test problem is one for the two-dimensional square cavity flow driven by shear on the top lid. Two cases are considered here: (i) one driven both by the specified non-uniform shear on the top lid and by the specified body forces acting through the cavity region, for which we find the exact solution, and (ii) one of the classical type (i.e., driven only by uniform shear). Secondly, the present mettled is applied to deal with the early development of the flow around an impulsively started circular cylinder.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.258-264
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• 2001

저자들은 비염과 기관지 천식의 병력이 있으면서 열감, 설사, 신경염 증상과 함께 양측성 흉막액과 심낭액 그리고 페침윤을 보인 환자에서 흉박액 성분검사상 저당, 산성 삼출액 소견과, 폐조직 검사상 호산구 침윤과 혈관염 및 육아종성 염증 소견을 보인 Churg-Strauss 증후군 1예를 경험하였기에 이에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.63-138
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• 1999

From all possible chinese medical literatures, I studied the history of chinese pediatrics by dividing into Chunqiu Zhanguo, QinHan dynasties, LiangJin, SuiTang five dynasties, Song Dynasty, Jin and Yuan dynasties, Ming Qing dynasties. The conclusions are summarized as followings 1. The mentions related with pediatrics existed already in Yan ruins turtle shell letters, and 〈Yellow Emperor's classic of internal medicine> in Chunqiu Zhanguo time formed the system of medicine, established the theoretical foundation. 2. Chang Ji established the system of diagnosis and treatment based on overall analysis of symptoms and signs in , and later pediatricians commonly applied his prescriptions to the febrile diseases. 3. The period from LiangJin to SuiTang, Pediatrics was established as special department then in , Chao Yuanfang stated the etiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology of pediatric diseases. 4. In Song dynasty. pediatric 4 major, symptoms that had been mentioned from SuiTang dynasties, were clearly established, pediatrical special books were published, and written by Qian Yi who is considered as the founder of chinese pediatrics, established the foundation of pediatrical division formation in distinction from adult fields. 5. In Jin and Yuan dynasties, four eminent physicians established the actual relationship between the theories and practical applications and insisted various and creative theories based on the classical medicine, for example, the theory that fire and heat in the body was the main cause of diseases of Liu Wansu purgation theory of Zhang Congzheng, qi regulating theory of Liu Gao, ministerial fire theory and the theory that yang is ever in excess while Yin is ever deficient of Zhu Zhenheng, etc, and they applied those theories to pediatrical various sides. 6, In Ming Qing dynasties, pediatrical specialists and pediatrical publications had increased, eg, father and son Xue Kai Xue Ji, Wan Quan, Lu Bai-si, etc in Ming dynasty, Ye Gui, Chen Fuzheng, Xia Ding, etc in Qing dynasty were famous as pediatricians. Specially, the doctrine of epidemic febrile diseases at that time showed prominent effects to children's epidemic febrile diseases.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.67-89
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• 2018

In fisheries, as well as in other natural resource-based industries, there is difference between profit and rent. The former is a basic indicator for gauging the business performance of firms, while the latter is for the evaluation of the contribution of resources and industry to economic welfare. Put simply, resource economists are mainly concerned about rent, including pure resource rent and producer surplus (intra-marginal rent [IMR]). In other hand, business economists are mainly concerned about the profitability of the firms comprising the industry. In the academic literature, there are not always clear definitions of the profit and rent concepts and their use in actual analyses. This article will mainly discuss and clarify differences and similarities in profit and rent concepts. In the classical fisheries economic model with one-dimensional homogenous effort and a constant cost per unit of effort, no rent exists in open-access equilibrium. A simple change in this model, for example by introducing heterogeneous effort, opens it to the existence of rent, specifically IMR, at open-access equilibrium. We estimated resource rent and profit from the data using SNA(system of national accounts) and accounting data methods. RR(resource rent) is composed of value-added, compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital and normal profit in SNA. RR(resource rent) is composed of EBT, Depreciation of fishing rights, financial costs of fishing rights and calculated interests on equity in accounting data methods. We found that the result of two methods is equal. RR is composed of excess profit, rent and interest expenses. In Korea, the magnitude of RR and profit is not different significantly.