• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2002

Objective : The purpose of this study is to research for the formation of Ohaeng-acupuncture. Methods : I refered to ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ (難經), ${\ll}$Ling Shu${\gg}$ (靈樞), ${\ll}$Zhen Jiu Ju Ying${\gg}$ (針灸聚英), ${\ll}$Yi Xue Ru Men${\gg}$ (醫學入門) and annotations were excerpted and record that notied the Ohaeng-acupuncture. Results : The results obtained as follows. 1. ${\ll}$Ling Shu${\gg}$ "Sheng Ze Xie Zhi, Xu Ze Bu Zhi"(盛則瀉之, 虛則補之) united with "Ying Sui Bu Xie"(迎隨補瀉), developed the principle of "Qu Xue" in ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$. 2. ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ explained the interdependent relations, interrestraining relations, the relations of subjugation and reverse restriction in illness condition between the five viscera according to the theory of generation, restriction, subjugation and reverse restriction in five elements. ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ united five shu points (五兪穴) with five elements. 3. Zi jing Bu xie according to Xiang Sheng theory is develped from ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ "Xu Ze Bu Qu Mu, Shi Ze Xie Qi Zi"(虛則補其母 實則瀉其子) to ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ , ${\ll}$Zhen Jiu Ju Ying${\gg}$. 4. Ta jing Bu xie according to Xiang Sheng theory is develped from ${\ll}$Tu Zhu Nan Jing${\gg}$ to ${\ll}$Yi Xue Ru Men${\gg}$. 5. The principle of treatment according to Zi-Ta jing Bu xie based Xiang Ke is develped from ${\ll}$The seventy fifth Difficulty Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ to Sa Am Do In(舍岩道人).

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.142-170
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate dizziness of Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$ and Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$. Methods : We conducted a study on the original text paragraphs of Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ containing the dizziness and analysis of Yang, Ma, Zhang, Wang etc. We drew a parallel between dizziness from Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$and matching diagnoses from western medicine. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Dizziness in Ok Ki Jin Jiang Ron <玉機眞藏論> and Pyo Bon Byeong Jeon Ron <標本病傳論> had relation to liver and was similar to dizziness caused by tension, hypertension, anemia and cerebrovascular accident etc. in western medicine. 2. Dizziness in Ja Yeol<刺熱>, O Sa<五邪> and Hai Ron<海論> had relation to kidney and was similar to dizziness caused by aging and peripheral vertigo concurrent with tinnitus and difficulty in hearing in western medicine. 3. Dizziness in O Sa<五邪> had relation to heart(pericardium) and was similar to dizziness caused by cardiac output loss and psychogenic dizziness in western medicine. 4. In Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ the main etiology of dizziness was infirmity(虛), which were Qi(氣) of the upper portion of the body being insufficient(上氣不足), blood depletion(血枯), deficiency of marrow-reservoir(髓海不足) etc. 5. In Dae Hok Ron<大惑論> etiology and pathogenesis of dizziness were mentioned and dizziness was similar to dizziness caused by eye disorder, psychogenic dizziness and central dizziness in western medicine. 6. In Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ the meridian of acupuncture points which was used much for dizziness was Bladder Meridian. Aqupunture points used in treatment of dizziness were Ch'onju(天柱), Kollyun(崑崙), Taejo, Chok-t'ongkok(足通谷) etc. Conclusion : We found out etiology, pathogenesis, treatments of dizziness in Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$. Further we compared with western medicine to develop better understanding of dizziness.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2014

Background The number of citations that a published article has received reflects the importance of the paper in the particular area of practice. In microsurgery, thus far, which journal articles are cited most frequently is unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the characteristics of the top 50 papers in the field of microsurgery in the plastic surgery literature. Methods The 50 most cited papers published in high impact plastic surgery and microsurgery journals were identified. The articles were ranked in the order of the number of citations received. These 50 classic papers were analyzed for article type, journal distribution, and geographic and institutional origin. Results Six international journals contributed to the top 50 papers in microsurgery. The most cited paper reported on the early use of the vascularized bone graft and was cited 116 times. The top 50 papers originated from just 10 countries with the United States producing the most. The Preston and Northcote Community Hospital, Melbourne published 5 papers and this was the most productive institution in the top 50. Conclusions These papers represent many important milestones in the relatively short history of microsurgery. Furthermore, our citation analysis provides useful information to budding authors as to what makes a paper attain a "classic" status.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.67-82
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• 2010

Globalization describes a process by which regional cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication. In order to communicate among different cultural groups, standardization of terminology is one of the most important steps among its processes. In the field of oriental medicine, there have been continuous efforts to communicate through various methods. Translation of oriental medical classics is one of the significant approaches in terms of transmitting medical theories and clinical experiences of thousands of years to the people of different cultural backgrounds. However, previous translation studies have had difficulties in delivering its underlying principles and assumptions due to lack of standardization of terminology. "WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region(WHO-IST)" is the outcome of developing standard terminologies on oriental medicine based on mutual agreement of researchers of Korea, China and Japan. As a movement to find more efficient methodology for communication between heterogeneous communities, this study aims to translate parts of "Classic of difficult issues(難經)" into English adopting "WHO-IST" hoping to set a model of translation study.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.8-12
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to assess demographics, clinical outcomes, and complications of classic floating elbow in adults. Methods: Six patients with ipsilateral diaphyseal fractures of the humerus, radius, and ulna were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were treated operatively and available for follow-up at a minimum of 1 year after surgery. The average age of the patients was 45.2 years (22-64 years) and the average follow-up period was 37.0 months (14-103 months). They were evaluated with postoperative outcome measures, including a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score. Residual complications were also evaluated. Results: Five patients (83.3%) had open fracture, and 4 patients (66.7%) presented with associated nerve injury. All fractures were united within postoperative 4 months, except 1 delayed union. The average VAS pain score, MEPS, and ASES shoulder score at the final follow-up examination was 2.5, 79.8, and 67.5 respectively. Three patients including 2 cases of joint stiffness with incomplete recovery from nerve injury and 1 case of complex regional pain syndrome had poor clinical outcome. Conclusions: Although the classic floating elbow is rare, these injuries potentially have associated problems such as open fracture or nerve injury. The presence of residual neurological symptoms predispose to poorer clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2006

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of classic heat stroke in Korea and to identify factors of prognosis for heat stroke by comparing a survival group with a non-survival group. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 27 patients with heat stroke who visited the Emergency Department of Kyungpook National University Hospital from March 2001 to February 2005. First, we divided the patients into two groups, the classic heat stroke group and the exertional heat stroke group, and compared them. Second, we compared the survival group with the non-survival group. Age, sex, cause, place where patients were found, underlying diseases, cooling time, performance of endotracheal intubation, initial Glasgow Coma Scale, initial vital sign, and laboratory findings were reviewed. Results: Five of 27 patients in heat stroke died. The classic heat stroke group had 20 patients. They were old and had more patients in the bathroom than the exertional heat stroke group had. The non-survival group showed lower blood pressure, lower initial GCS score, and higher respiratory rate than the survival group. In laboratory findings, the non-survival group also showed lower$HCO_3-$ level, lower albumin level, lower glucose level, more prolonged PT, and higher CK-MB level than the survival group. Delay in recognition of heat stroke and cooling were poor prognostic factors in heat stroke. Conclusion: The classic heat stroke group had patients who were old and found in the bathroom. Early recognition and treatment of heat stroke is important to reduce mortality. Cooling time, initial GCS score, mean arterial pressure, resipratory rate, $HCO_3-$, PT, CK-MB, and albumin seem to be meaningful when forming a prognosis for heat stroke patients.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.27-46
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• 2018

Objectives : In this paper, we investigated the applicability of text mining to Korean Medical Classics and suggest that researchers of Medical Classics utilize this methodology. Methods : We applied text mining to the Huangdi's internal classic, a seminal text of Korean Medicine, and visualized networks which represent connectivity of terms and documents based on vector similarity. Then we compared this outcome to the prior knowledge generated through conventional qualitative analysis and examined whether our methodology could accurately reflect the keyword of documents, clusters of terms, and relationships between documents. Results : In the term network, we confirmed that Qi played a key role in the term network and that the theory development based on relativity between Yin and Yang was reflected. In the document network, Suwen and Lingshu are quite distinct from each other due to their differences in description form and topic. Also, Suwen showed high similarity between adjacent chapters. Conclusions : This study revealed that text mining method could yield a significant discovery which corresponds to prior knowledge about Huangdi's internal classic. Text mining can be used in a variety of research fields covering medical classics, literatures, and medical records. In addition, visualization tools can also be utilized for educational purposes.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2015

Objectives : In this study we investigated characteristics of eight extra meridians based on the chapter of Pyoung Gi Kyoung Pal Maek Byoung(PGKPMB) of the Pulse Classic(Maijing; PC) and the 27, 28, and $29^{th}$ question of the Classic of Difficult Issues(Nanjing; CDI). Methods : We searched out the contents of eight extra meridians in historical background, the principal and circulation of eight extra meridians, and the symptoms and pulse diagnosis of eight extra meridians on the PGKPMB of the PC and the 27, 28, and $29^{th}$ question of the CDI. Results and Conclusions : About development of eight extra meridians, content which was scattered in the CDI was supplemented and developed in the CDI. Also taking over the content in the CDI, the meaning of the eight extra meridians was expanded and supplemented in the PC. In the PC, the mechanism about symptom of eight extra meridians especially has been described. Also materialization of symptom which linked to pathogenic pulse of eight extra meridians had a great impact on future generation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2018

Objectives : The GB18 belongs to one of the 92 controversial points in the development of WHO standard of acupuncture point location. The number of Chon measurement of GB18 is described differently in the A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (ChimGuGakEulKyung; AB Classic) and the Complete Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(ChimGuDaeSeong; Complete Compendium). The aim of the study is to review the point location of GB18 and compare the relation of the location of BL7. In addition, I would like to propose new locating method of GB18. Methods : In order to review I examined the expressions of the location of GB18 and the mapping location on the acupuncture chart in the landmark classic acupuncture literatures. Results : In the most literatures, the location of GB18 was described by the distance from the GB17. The distance was 1.5 chon with one exception of 1 chon. The intervals from GB15 to GB18 was 1 chon or 1.5 chon. Although the distance from the anterior hairline is the same as 4 chon, mapping points of GB18 and BL7 on the acupuncture chart were different. Conclusions : Consequently, in the AB Classic, meaning of the location is the actual distance of scalp surface. In the Complete Compendium, however, meaning of the location is the hypothetical distance in the imaginary scalp surface. Therefore, it is safe to find the GB18 on the same level with GV20 on the connecting line of bilateral auricular apexes. The relation of GB18 and BL7 should be reconsidered.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.10-24
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• 2005

Background and Purpose: Feeling the pulse is based on the pulse condition and alteration to observe the condition of the human body's health and by using a healthy person's pulse as a standard we are able to analyze the patient's pulse to find the attacked channel and collateral, viscera and bowels and understand the pathology such as diseases caused by exogenous evil, disorder of internal organs, and seven modes of emotions. Observing the color and shade of the patient's face, listening carefully to the sound of the patient, and feeling the pulse are methods in accordance with Su Wen 'Plain Questions', 'The Classic on Difficulty' (5th century B.C. Bianque), 'The Classic of Sphymology' (280 A.D. Wang Xi), 'Pulse Formulas' (1189 A.D. Cui Jiayan), and is systematically edited for those who have started studying to easily reach the profound state. Therefore, 'The Elementary Course for Medicine' has been used from ancient times as the textbook for diagnostics. Methods: In this Study, we will inspect commonly used pulse feeling methods, the inch, bar, cubit thesis, the viscera and bowels thesis from The Elementary Course for Medicine and inquire the difference of the text from 'Plain Questions of Huangdi's Internal Classic', 'Treatise on Febrile Diseases', 'Classic on Difficulty'. Results and Conclusion: 1. In 'The Elementary Course for Medicine' the site of the wrist along the pulsation of the radial artery is divided into inch, bar, cubit and has defined the inch, bar, cubit crossways. 2. In 'The Elementary Course of Medicine' the inch, bar, cubit for the left hand and right hand is subjected to each viscera and bowel. By assigning the left hand's inch, bar, cubit to the cardial orb, the hepatic orb, the renal orb, and the right hand's inch, bar, cubit to the pulmonic orb, the splenic orb, the vital gate it has been able to feel the pulse for each viscera and bowel by using the interpromoting and interacting relation of the five evolutive phases.