• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.4 s.47
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• pp.861-869
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of nose profile with respect to skeletodental pattern, by measured and analyzed statistically the lateral cephalograms of 95 females (13 to 30 years old). Tge results were summerized as follows ; 1. The antero-posterior factors of the nose - nasofrontal angle, nasofacial angle, and dorsal length / ala length ratio were different among the malocclusion groups 2. There were no significant correlation between the the vertical nose factors and the skeletal factors 3. The Class I groups had a straight nose profile , the Class II groups had a convex profile ; the Class III groups had a concave profile.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2020

The purpose of this comparison of case reports is to introduce the results of the application of new devices for the management of growing Class III malocclusions in children. Two 8-year-old boys had a chief complaint of anterior crossbite. Anterior crossbite correction using a tandem traction bow appliance (TTBA) or a Carriere Motion 3D Class III appliance with a Transforce appliance was planned. By comparing cephalometric radiographs before and after treatment, changes in skeletal growth and incisor inclination to the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane could be measured. Both devices increased SNA and ANB angles, N-I Pg-A, U1 to SN, and U1 to FH. Both appliances improved facial features and resolution of anterior crossbite. The TTBA and Carriere Motion 3D Class III appliance had similar effects when applied as early treatment for growing mesio-occlusions and anterior crossbite in two boys. However, long-term outcome assessments and well-designed comparative studies are still required.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.191-205
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was undertaken to determine the effects of orthognathic surgery on speech. The hyposis stated herein is that functional behaviors of the dentofacial complex, such as speech production, may be adversely affected by deviations of a structural nature(especially, Class III malocclusion). Twenty adults with Class III malocclusion(13 female and 7 male) were studied preoperative, immediate postoperative and either 6 or 12 months postoperative lateral cephalograms. They had mandibular prognathism and had undergone mandible setback operation. The position of tongue, soft palate(Uvula), hyoid bone, respiratory track width, and pharyngeal depth were assessed on lateral cephalograms with 23 cephalometric variables, ANOVA, Paired t-tests and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient tests were used to evalute the operative changes in all cephalometric parameters. A experienced speech and language pathologists performed narrow phonetic transcriptions of tape-recorded words and sentences produced by each of the ninth patients and the recording tapes were analyzed by phonetic computer program(Computerized Speech Lab(CSL) Model 4300BI(U.S.A.)) These judges also recorded their ratings of each patient's overall consonants, hypernasality, hyponasality, and articulation proficiency. The results obtained are as follows; 1. There were significant changes in distance of posterior pharyngeal wall to tongue (TI-TW2, TS-TW3) after the surgery at 6 months postoperatively(each p<0.01 p<0.05). 2. The posterior tongue point(TI, TS, PPT) moved posteriorly after surgery and remained to its changed position at 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05). The displacement of tongue was correlated with the movement of mandibular setback amount(p<0.05). The hyoid bone moved posteriorly superiorly after immediate postoperative period. There was significant changes in hyoid bone movement after immediated postoperative period(p<0.05), but returned to its original position during the follow-up period(p>0.05) 3. The soft palate was displaced posteriorly superiorly after immediated operative period and remained to its changed position at 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05). ANS-PNS-SPT angle increasing, PPU-PPPo distance narrowing was showed after surgery, and remained its appearance 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05). 4. There were significant changes in formant value and squre diagram of vowel sound after the orthognathic surgery and the follow-up period. There were significant changes in /ㅅ/sound and posterior tongue sound. 5. The posterior movement of tongue and the posteriosuperior movement of soft palate was correlated with mandibular setback amount after orthognathic surgery. On the vowel squre diagram, the author found that the place of articulation after operation moved downward, backward, upward. 6. In assessing speech abnormalities, dental occlusion should be considered as a contributing factor. The vast majority of subjects with preoperative misarticulations eliminated or reduced their errors following orthognathic surgery. There was significant difference in speech impovement between pre- and postoperation.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.2 s.67
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• pp.175-187
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to predict the prognosis of class III malocclusion treatments. 25 patients selected for this study were devided into two groups by the stability of dentitional, skeletal and soft tissue profile improvement. One was stable group which consisted of 12 children and the other was relapse group with 13 children. Various measurements in initial lateral cephalogram were calculated and analyzed by t-test, correlation coefficient and discriminant analysis. The results of this study were summarized as follows 1. In both stable and relapse groups, there was not distinct difference in the antero-posterior skeletal relationship (P<0.05). 2. As the result of wits, hn to occlusal plane angle and occlusal plane to mandubular plane angle, the occlusal plane of relapse group was stepper than that of the stable group. 3. In correlation coefficient analysis, the overjet and the occlusal plane to mandibular plane angle showed significant correlations (p<0.001, p<0.01). 4. The discriminant function was obtained from three major influential measurements; overjet, AB to occlusal plane angle and articular angle, and this function could discriminate correctly in 88% of these samples.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.404-412
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate postsurgical facial hard tissue stability after orthognathic surgery with/without posterior impaction in skeletal class III malocclusion patients, and to evaluate the horizontal relapse tendency, according to changes in anteroposterior discrepancy and occlusal planes. Methods: Ninety patients, who had undergone orthognathic surgery in Pusan National University Dental Hospital, were enrolled in this study. Three main groups were classified as follows: Thirty patients underwent mandibular setback bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) only (BSSRO group, BG); another thirty patients underwent mandibular setback BSSRO and Le Fort I osteotomy with posterior impaction (posterior impaction group, PG); and another thirty patients underwent mandibular setback BSSRO and Le Fort I osteotomy without posterior impaction (non-posterior impaction group, NPG). Preoperative (T0), immediate postoperative (T1) and six-month follow-up period (T2) lateral cephalograms were taken, and various parameters were measured. The analyses were done by linear and angular measurements between T0-T1 and T1-T2, to evaluate postsurgical facial hard tissue stability. Results: Mean horizontal relapse rates were distributed from 11.81% to 19.08%, and there were significant postsurgical changes (0.52 mm~2.44 mm) at the B point in all 3 groups. But, there were no statistical differences on relapse rate among BG, PG and NPG patients. Conclusion: In this study, the postsurgical stabilities of BSSRO and Le Fort I osteotomy with/without posterior impaction in skeletal class III malocclusion patients were acceptable. There were no significant statistical differences in mandibular stability according to changes in anteroposterior discrepancy and occlusal planes.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of the Frog appliance (FA) alone or in combination with headgear for distalizing the maxillary molars. Methods: Fifty patients (25 males and 25 females) aged 12.6 - 16.7 years who received treatment for Class II malocclusion at the Orthodontic Clinic of Al-Baath University were selected for this study and randomly divided into 2 equal groups. Maxillary molar distalization was achieved using the FA alone (group 1) or a combination of the FA with high-pull headgear worn at night (group 2). Lateral cephalograms were obtained before and after treatment. Results: The maxillary molars moved distally by 5.51 and 5.93 mm in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Distal movements were associated with axial tipping by $4.96^{\circ}$ and $1.25^{\circ}$, and with loss of anchorage by mesial movement of the second maxillary premolars by 2.70 and 0.90 mm in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The combined use of the FA and nighttime high-pull headgear decreased the distalization time and improved the ratio of maxillary molar distalization movement relative to the overall opening space between the first maxillary molars and second premolars. Conclusions: The FA can effectively distalize the maxillary molars, this distalization associates with some unfavorable changes. Nighttime use of high-pull headgear combined with the FA can reduce these unfavorable changes and improve treatment outcomes.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.5 s.58
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• pp.509-522
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• 1996

By studying the relationship between the morphology of mandibular symphysis and craniofacial morphology in classIII malocclusion, this study aims at deciding whether the morphogy of mandibular symphysis can be used as a predictor on the growth of mandible. The materials used for this study were the cephalometric radiographs of male class III malocclusion. The subjected age groups were 10-12(G1 group) and 20 and above(G2 group): 50 were selected from each group. Each group was again divided, according to the ratio of symphysis, into Large(L), Average(A), and Small(S). The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. In average the ratio of symphysis, G2 group showed significantly bigger than G1 group(p<0.05) 2. In both G1 and G2 groups, the ratio of symphysis had no relationship with the measurements on the cranial base and the maxilla(p>0.05). 3. In both G1 and G2 groups, there was not distinct difference in the antero-posterior positions among L, A, S subgroups. 4. L and A subgroups showed significantly larger than S subgroup in lower gonial angle and chin angle in G1 group (p<0.05). 5. In the measurements on the vortical relation of the face, anterior total face height(ATFH) and anterior lower face height(ALFH) of L subgroup were significantly larger than that of S subgroup in G1 group(p<0.05) and also mandible showed a tendency to grow downward vertically. 6. In the measurements on the tooth position and inclination, L subgroup showed as compared with S subgroup a tendency of extrusion of maxillary and mandibular teeth in G1 group, but G2 group showed such tendency only in mandibular teeth. 7. In the measurements on the abnormal growth prediction by Schulhof, in G1, there was no significant difference among L, A, S sugroups. 8. In the correlative analysis of the ratio of symphysis and other measurements, G1 group showed significant correlationships in chin angle, PP/MP angie, ANS-Me and other, while G2 group showed the same only in MP-LIT and MP-LMMC(p<0.05, p<0.01). In summarizing the above, in the G1 group, consisting of young males, no difference was noted in horizontal relation between L and S subgroups; in vertical relation, L subgroup showed a stronger tendency of downward growth of mandible than S subgroup. In adult male G2 group, however, no distinct morphological difference of craniofacial complex by the ratio of symphysis.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 2007

In this study, to find the influencing factors of the cooperation affects the result of the orthodontic treatment, the questionnaires were collected from patients who were being treated with fixed orthodontic appliances at A dental clinic in Seoul area. The results of this study are below.1. The average of the total score of the cooperation was 8.04 with the range of between 2 and 14. 2. The gender and age of the patient did not show the meaningful significance in aspect of the cooperation. 3. The relation between the period of treatment time and the cooperation, the analysis showed that the longer the period of treatment, the lesser the cooperation (P < 0.05). 4. The average of the cooperation by decision maker, the patient himself was 9.17, mother was 7.69 and father was 7.77. This result showed that the treatment decision made by the patient himself, the cooperation was highest (P < 0.05). 5. In the relationship between the malocclusion classification and the cooperation, the Angle Class I was 8.77, Class II was 7.28, and Class III was 6.89. This result showed that the average cooperation of Angle Class I patients was higher than Angle Class III patients (P < 0.05). 6. All the influencing factors to the orthodontic treatment were analyzed by logistic regression analysis (RGA). The result showed that there is meaningful significance in the treatment period and malocclusion classification. The most influencing factor was treatment period and the longer the period, the lesser cooperation (P < 0.05).

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2010

This study sought to compare the amounts of posterior anchorage loss during the en masse retraction of the upper anterior teeth between orthodontic mini-implant (OMI) and conventional anchorage reinforcement (CAR) such as headgear and/or transpalatal arch. The subjects were 52 adult female patients treated with sliding mechanics (MBT brackets, .022" slot, .019X.025" stainless steel wire, 3M-Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA). They were allocated into Group 1 (N=24, Class I malocclusion (CI), upper and lower first premolar (UP1LP1) extraction, and CAR), Group 2 (N=15, Cl, UP1LP1 extraction and OMI), and Group 3 (N=13, Class II division 1 malocclusion, upper first and lower second premolar extraction, and OMI). Lateral cephalograms were taken before (T0) and after treatment (T1). A total of 11 anchorage variables were measured. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. There was no significant difference in treatment duration and anchorage variables at T0 among the three groups. Groups 2 and 3 showed significantly larger retraction of the upper incisor edge (U1E-sag, 9.3mm:7.3mm, P<.05) and less posterior anchorage loss (U6M-sag, 0.7~0.9mm:2mm, P<.05; U6A-sag, 0.5mm:2mm, P<.01) than Group 1. The ratio of retraction amount of the upper incisor edge per 1 of anchorage loss in the upper molar made for the significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 (4.6mm:7.0mm, P<.05). Group 3 showed a relatively distal inclination of the upper molar (P<.05) and the intrusion of the upper incisor and first molar (U1E-ver, P<.05; U6F-ver, P<.05) compared to Groups 1 and 2. Although OMI could not shorten the treatment duration, it could provide better maximum posterior anchorage than CAR.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.422-426
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the vertical stability after BSSRO surgery in skeletal class III malocclusion patients with mild anterior open bite and to present a method to increase the stability. Materials and methods : 36 patients, 11 male and 25 female, who received BSSRO surgery with the diagnosis of skeletal class III with anterior open bite at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Samsung Medical Center, from January 2002 to August 2003, were selected for this study. The patients were between 18 to 45 years of age. Preoperative and postoperative (immediate, 6 months, and 1 year after operation) lateral cephalograms were compared to evaluate the vertical stability by measuring the distance of nasion-menton, mandibular plane angle, and overbite. Results : The nasion-menton distance decreased by 1.65mm immediately after the operation in comparison to the preoperative value. This distance further decreased by 0.60 mm at 6 months and 1.06mm at 1 year after the operation. The mandibular plane angle increased after the operation and further increased at 6 months and 1 year. The amount of overbite increased by the operation was 2.34mm and an additional increase of 0.70mm at 6 months and 0.94mm at 1 year were shown. Conclusion : Clinically, none of the patients showed relapse of anterior open bite and the vertical stability is highly influenced by orthodontic treatment after the operation. In this study, BSSRO surgery is considered to be a rather reliable procedure that restores stability to skeletal class III malocclusion patients with slight anterior open bite.