• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.333-341
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• 2018

Recently, there has been a growing interest in user-centered smart city services. This study examines the spatial information type to derive a smart city service scenario through space - based communication and aims to establish a direction for user - centered experience factor scenario. The results of this study are meaningful for presenting basic data to suggest a space scenario where citizens can experience smart city as walking map and experience route applicable to future smart city test bed. In particular, we simulated the walking scenarios in the smart city test bed through Walking Map, which is tested the service direction based on user requirements. Through this study, we confirmed that smart city service through existing infrastructure can be used multipurpose. The spatial information and the experience factor linkage model and the walking map through the persona model presented in this study can be utilized as a preliminary scenario applicable to the future smart city test bed.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

This paper documents research carried on the University students who are potential residents of the city to find out their preference for the ubiquitous residential functions, and categorize based on the life style to find out difference of their preference on ubiquitous residential functions. A survey was conducted on 324 university students in Gwangju city. The students were selected through purposive sampling and quota sampling by self-administered questionnaire sheets. The analysis analyzing methods using SPSS/PC 12.0 are frequency, percentage, factor analysis, cluster analysis, $x^2$(chaisquare)-test and one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance). For the survey, lifestyle types were categorized as: These are classified based on the analysis of facts regarding characteristics of student's lifestyles that are divided into nine types of facts and then make the four types through the cluster analysis as below. Energetic life type, Inactive life type, Family-oriented life type, Thrifty and Personality-oriented life type. The residential function of Ubiquitous is classified as Safety, Convenience, Comfortableness, Information, Health, Leisure and the residential space is divided into bedroom, livingroom, kitchen, bathroom. Considering the preference aspects for Ubiquitous residential function, among the bedroom, living room, kitchen, and bathroom, University student seek for safety from the living room, Convenience from the kitchen and Comfortableness from the living room, bedroom and kitchen. For Information, bedroom is most preferred among the bedroom, living room, and kitchen. For Health and Leisure, bedroom is preferred between bedroom and living room. In terms of the difference about the preferences for ubiquitous functions based on the four types of lifestyles; The Thrift-oriented type is commonly preferred to the Inactive type among the bedroom, living room and kitchen. The Family-oriented and the Thrift-oriented type were preferred to the Energetic and Inactive types in the bathroom. Also, in the entire residential space, the Ubiquitous functions is most preferred by the Thrifty and Personality-oriented life type.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1450-1460
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• 2015

This study is to analyze various methods of block design elements applied in the recent apartment housing design competitions for Sejong city. It is expected to find the new design trend and good design characteristics of apartment building forms to use as the basic data of apartment housing design, because it is a case study on the ambitious design competition of the city that many major architectural firms in Korea entered and eager to propose new ideas. The results of this study are following : (1) The forms of slab block are classified into 8 types(the best applying one is ㄱ type). The forms of point block are classified into 9 types(the best applying ones are ㅁ, L and - type). (2) For the shapes of core, the forms of opposite core are classified into 6 types, the forms of parallel core are 3 types. (3) The forms of roof are classified into 4 types. The flat type is applied to 95 percent of the total cases. (4) The shapes of block mass are classified into 5 types(the best applying ones are general and void type), facade forms are 3 types(the best applying one is horizontal division type).

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.84-104
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• 1994

The migration of population into the city has been on the increase according as Korea has been industrialized repidly since the 1960's. And there is a steady decrease in rural population. Thus lack of the number of the students forced many elementary Schools to be abolished. The aim of this study is to grasp the abolition types and the regional characteristics with the subject region of Chungbuk province. From the viewpoint of the increasing abolition of the elementary schools, I think it is very important to understand how the elementary schools have been abolished so far and predict how the subject region will have been changed in geography. Data for this study are based on Annual Establishment-Abolition Situation of the Schools published by Chungbuk office of Education in 1992, and many Kinds of the statistical reports, and the interview with the related. The results are as follows: 1. By examining the change of the number of the elementary schools and students in Chnugbuk, the numder of the students had also decreased since 1969 and was less than the half in 1990. As the number of the schools began to decrease ten years later than the students began to, the abolition of the elementary schools has started in reality from 1980's. 2. The 72 elementary schools were aboilshed between 1980 and 1992: the principal school is 9.7%, the branch school is 90.3%. The most fifteen schools are abolished in Yongdong-county and Chechon-county, and the least one school is abolished in Chechon-city and Okchon-county, and there is no abolition in Chongju-city and Chungju-city: According to the type of the abolition process, the least seven principal schools are abolished, and the principal school is reorganized as a branch school and twenty eight branch schools are abolished, and the most thirty seven branch schools are abolished. 3. When special change of the abolition is classified into the first perio (1980-1986) and the second period (1987-1992), in the first period the principal and branch schools were abolished and they are 13.9% of total abolition. The abolition out of them by building a dam is 60%. The principal schools in the submerged area though they have many students, were abolished. In the second period sixty two branch schools are abolished and they are 86.1% of total abolition. The most fifteen schools are abolished in Yongdong-county, thirteen in Chechon-county, seven in Tanyang-county, six in Chongwon-county, five in Chungwon-county and Koesan-county. Unlike the first period, the schools were abolished in this period because the number of students was so small. In this period sixty branch schools were abolished. All the students in the abolished schools except six schools transfered to the principal schools. The 58 school authorities help the students attend school by bus or support the expenses for attending school after that. 4. The abolition types of city, county and myon are classified into five types by the number of the abolished schools. The most forty nine abolished schools in type II are 68.1 of the total abolition. The least three abolished ones in type I are 12.5%. Considering the relation between the abolition type ane the number of schools and students, the number of the schools, increased in type I, II, III, V except IV from 1980 and then have decreased by abolition since 1980, while the more students decreased than they did in 1970 and the more the abolished school increases, the less the students decreases. The average students per school decreased in every abolition type and the most students decreased in type IV. 5. Considering the relation between the abolition type and the regional characteristics, most abolished schools were located between 100m and 300m above the sea level and it is 71% of the total abolition. The region without the abolition is high in the ratio of the cultivate land, ratio of rice field, and the part-time farmer, but the region with many abolition is low in the ratio of cultivated land. As for the manufacturing there are the most city, county and myon in the abolition type in Youngdong-county and Chechon-county where the manufacturing ratio of employing is low but Chongju-city without the abolition is a region where the manufacturing ratio is high. Consequently the development of the manufacturing causes the population to emigation out and the decrease of the population leads the transport is difficult of access, the facilities sold after being abolished are not being used in many ways. 7. Take an example of Youndong-county where the most schools were abolished, I have examined the school district and the population characteristics of the abolition. Though there were more villages, households, populations in the region that is higher than low above the sea level, the schools were abolished. Therefore we know that above the sea level had a great effect on the abolition. As a result of the regional analysis of the abolition, many schools were abolished by the artificial buildings such as a dam in the early 1980's but the schools in the late 1980's were abolished ten years later after the students decreased. More schools were abolished in the region where the manufacturing industry didn't develop. And the higher the school position was above the sea level, the sooner the school was abolished. It is also proved that both the beautiful natural scenery and accessibility are the important factor in using the abolished facilities practically.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.99-120
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to clarify the industrialization process, and locational factors and linkages of manufacturing in Jangyu-Myun, a suburb of Metropolitan Pusan, toward which heavy decentralization of manufacturing from Pusan has been done. Hard data and soft data were used as the basic data. Hard data used for this study were both the statistical data which consists of the number of establishments and employee classified by product type, firm size, organizational type and unit area(dong) which were listed in statistics yearbooks, and the list of the owner's names, addresses, employee number, products and headquarters of firms which were listed in firm directories. Soft data were the results of the interviews with the 53 owners of firms surveyed among the firms selected by Proportional Stratified Sampling Method. The major findings were as follows: (1) Manufacturing location in Jangyu-Myun was regularized in 1980's in which decentralization of manufacturing was activiated. Though the industrialization of study area resulted from the birth, relocation and establishment of branches of the firms originated from the other regions, the relocation of small outer-oriented firms from the central city was the most important factor among them. (2) The main locational factors which induced the decentralizing manufacturing from the central city into Jangyu-Myun are closely related to land, transportation, personal factor, raw material suppliers and market. (3) The differences of important locational factors by the size and organizational type of firms are relevant to the characteristics of manufacturing location. (4) The changes of linkages attendant upon locational changes of firms were not so great and were localized in labor supply and marketing. (5) The strength of linkages is strong in the procurement of materials, in the subcontraction and in the marketing, but not in the ordering. (6) The main factors influencing on the formation of linkages are different by the types of linkages: monopolistic and oligopolistic supply are important in procurement linkages; characteristics of products and production capacity in the subcontraction and ordering; characteristics of products and the subsequent difficulties, in the marketing. (7) With the exception of procurement linkages, the strength of linkages with the outside of the study area are stronger than the linkages with the inside. The strength of linkages with the outside has distance-decay-function and strong linkages with the central city. (8) These spatial characteristics of linkages are different by products type, firm size and organizational type of firms: the spatial ranges of linkages are wider in the multi-location firms than in the single-location firms; the larger the firm size, the wider the spatial range of linkages: there is no consistent trend by products type. In conclusion, some facts described above were proved to be consistent with the results of proceeding studies in the other areas: influence of central city manufacturing relocation on industrialization in the suburb: different decentralization by products type, firm size and organizational types of firms: different locational factors by products type, firm size and organizational types of firms; linkage changes attendant upon locational changes of firms; spatial differences of linkages by products type, firm size and organizational type of firms. Some other factors were proved to be partly consistent: locational factors and spatial characteristics of linkages. Accordingly I think that the results of previous studies on the other areas can be applicable to the explanation of the location and linkage of manufacturing in Jangyu-Myun. For the better explanation on the characteristics of manufacturing decentralization from the central city, more empirical case studies on the location and linkage of manufacturing in the suburb areas are necessary.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1995.07c
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• pp.1278-1280
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• 1995

A probe type fiber-optic sensing techique for electric current measurement is applied in this paper. The technique is based on the Faraday effect which meaning is that polarization state of light is rotated by magnetic field. In experiment, test wire is located at inside and outside of the probe to be measured. The experimental results prove not only linear property, but also polarization rotation property according to the distance from outside of probe.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.205.2-205.2
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• 2011

Micro hydraulic turbines take a growing interest because of its small and simple structure as well as high possibility of applying to micro and small hydropower resources. The differential pressure exiting within the city water pipelines can be used efficiently to generate electricity like the energy generated through gravitational potential energy in dams. In order to reduce water pressure at the inlet of water cleaning centers, pressure reducing valves are used widely. Therefore, pressure energy is wasted. Instead of using the pressure reduction valve, a micro counter-rotating hydraulic turbine can be replaced to get energy caused by the large differential pressure found in the city water pipelines. In this study, in order to acquire design data of counter-rotating tubular type micro-turbine, output power, head, and efficiency characteristics due to the diffuser.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.7
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• pp.155-189
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• 2004

The mission of the police as described by law is to guard the life, body and property of all citizens. Such duties should be accurately performed based on legal and democratic procedures because the works of the police are directively influencing the overall lives of the citizens by restricting their freedom. We are frequently watching the traffic police on the street or road. Traffic policing aims to reduce crime and the opportunities for criminal activity in relation to the use of roads, that is to improve road user behavior in order to reduce accidents. The characteristics of traffic accident change is not similar in each traffic condition. The purpose of this study is to analysis a type characteristics of traffic accident change, such as number of deaths and wounded persons by the time, the vehicle, the type the road, the age group. Based on the characteristics of traffic accident change, traffic accident countermeasures are proposed, in which some variable of traffic policies such as traffic facilities, traffic regulation, and traffic safety education.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1447-1457
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• 2008

The operation of the Seat-type Express Electric railway (SEE) has been watched for an alternative plan according to the increase of competition among the vehicle in metropolitan city. The purpose of this study was to examine a feasibility for the adoption of the SEE by analysis of various condition in the double tracked Souel-Chuncheon line. Fare estimate, station selection for SEE, managerial plan, demanding forecasting and analysis were performed to compute financial efficiency. The results showed financial validity on Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C), Financial Net Present Value (FNPV), Financial Internal Rate of Return (FIRR). This results indicate the evidence that SEE is a new means which is able to complement for finance, transportation capacity in metropolitan city.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2015

As the skyscraper matures as a building type, its role in actively connecting to, and reinforcing, major threads of urban fabric becomes increasingly more important. The creation of public spaces inside of and adjacent to tall buildings allows for significant additions to the public realm, facilitating better connections between varied uses, providing needed access to critical transportation functions. In this more integrated version of the tall building type, the density afforded by a vertical structure is complemented by strategically devised porosity of plan and section. This paper examines three major tower projects which exemplify a progressive approach to permeable design: the recently completed Jingan Kerry Centre in Shanghai, the Lotte Supertower in Seoul, now half completed, and the One Vanderbilt tower being proposed next to Grand Central Terminal in New York City. These projects suggest possibilities for innovative approaches to private development strategies, public planning processes, and architectural design.