• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2001

The essential oils from the aerial parts of Tagetes minuta L. from two different locations in Korea were obtained by hydrodistillation in 0.52%(Goheung, Chonnam) and 0.48% yields(Puan, Chonbuk) as a dry weight base, respectively. A total of 69 components, accounting in 94.7% and 92.1% of the oil, respectively were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis and comparison of retention indices with those of authentic compounds. The main components in both samples(Goheung, Chonnam and Puan, Chonbuk) were limonene(5.83% and 6.41%, respectively), $cis-{\beta}-ocimene$ (4.87% and 47.73%), dihydrotagetone(14.78% and 52.83%), trans-tagetone(0.64% and 2.99%), cis-tagetone(1.13% and 2.50%), trans-tagetenone(1.15% and 11.45%) and cis-tagetenone(0.69% and 1.41 %). Although these components were present in both samples, the results showed large differences in the percentage composition of these components.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.218-218
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• 1994

화합물 9-methoxy-6-oxo-3,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-naphtho[1,2〕pyran(1)의 전구물질인 7-methoxy-4-oxo-2-prenyl-1-tetralol을 다음과 같은 방법으로 합성하였다. 7-Methoxy-$\alpha$-tetralone에 LDA를 처리한 후, prenyl bromide를 반응시켜 7-methoxy-2-prenyl-1-tetralone을 제조했다 (수율 66%). 7-Methyl-2-prenyl-1-tetralone을 L-seleclride로 환원하여 cis-2-prenyl-1-tetralol을98% 수율로 얻었다. cis-2-Prcnyl-1-tetralol을pyridine 존재하에서 acetic anhydride로서acetylation한 다음 PDC로 산화시켜 4-acetoxy-3-prenyl-1-tetralone을 합성하였다 (수율 45%). cis-4-Acetoxy-3-prenyl-1-tetralone을 가수분해하여 cir-7-methoxy-4-oxo-2-prenyl-1-tenalol을 합성하였다. 6,7-Dimethoxy-4-oxo-2-prenyl-1-letralol도 동일한 방법으로 합성하였다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.473-477
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• 1999

Xerographic properties of double-layer photoconductor doped with 4-butyl-4'-methoxyazobenzene (BMAB) as charge-carrier transport material were investigated. BMAB can undergo reversible trans-cis isomerization by light with appropriate wavelength. In the results of measured surface voltage properties for photoconductor doped with BMAB, TNF: BMAB(4-wt%) sample with trans form showed the lowest dark decay, the lowest residual voltage, and the highest sensitivity among cis form. The trans isomer of BMAB has ordering orientation because the molecule possesses a rodlike shape, while the cis isomer has random orientation due to its bent shape. Therefore the molecular arrangement of trans form enhanced charge-carrier transport mobility.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.483-487
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• 1997

The whole cells of Chromobacterium chocolatum was immobilized in the matrix of polyacrylamide and then used for the hydrolysis of dimethyl-cis-1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-dicarboxylate. This hydrolysis yielded the optically active monoester ( > 96% ee) which is useful as an synthetic intermediate of (+)-biotin. We have studied the optimum condition of hydrolysis by using immobilized cells under variable concentration of substrate, reaction time and pH levels. The activity of lipase in immobilized cell was retained for longer than 4 weeks. The best conversion yield of product was obtained when 2 g of wet cell was immobilized and then reacted with 200 mg of substrate at pH 7.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2001

Pigment extracts obtained from Star Ruby grapefruit pulp were stored at different temperatures (4.5$^{\circ}C$, 23$^{\circ}C$) and exposed to light. many carotenoid oxidation products were formed due to light-exposure during storage periods. They were monitored by using HPLC with photodiode array detection and tentatively identified. Including (all-E)-lycopene and trans-$\beta$-carotene as predominant carotenoids in red grapefruit, 5Z-lycopene, 9Z-lycopene, 13Z-lycopene, and 15-cis-$\beta$-carotene were formed at 4.5$^{\circ}C$, 23$^{\circ}C$. Degradation of all-tarns lycopene was more susceptible to light-exposure and temperature a than that of all-trans $\beta$-carotene. The formation of lycopene cis isomers was favored under lighted condition. Respectively, (5Z)-lycopene was formed in greater amounts than other isomers at 23$^{\circ}C$ storage. The concentration of 15-cis-$\beta$-carotene was significantly increased during storage at 23$^{\circ}C$ storage. The concentration of 15-cis-$\beta$-carotene was significantly increased during storage at 23$^{\circ}C$.

• Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1998

Carotenoid compounds in embryos of wild-type(WT) and viviparous mutants of maize(Zea mays L.) were analyzed using high performance liquid ehromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode array detector. Zeaxanthin accumulates in WT embryos as the major carotenoid. Phytoene accumulates in vp2 and vp5. Phytofluene in w3 and ${\xi}$-carotene in the vp9 mutant embryos. This indicates that the vp2 and vp5 mutants impair phytoene desaturase from 15-cis-phytoene to 15-cis-phytofluene. The w3 mutant has neither an isomerase from 15-cis-phytofluene to all-trans-phytofuene nor phytofluene desaturase from phytofluene to ${\xi}$-carotene. The vp9 mutant does not have the ${\xi}$-carotene desaturase from ${\xi}$-carotene to lycopene. Our analysis shows that the terminal carotenoid. ${\gamma}$-carotene(${\beta},{\Psi}$-carotene), accumulates in the vp7 mutant embryos. The ${\varepsilon}$-carotene(${\varepsilon},{\varepsilon}$-carotene), a product of ${\delta}$-carotene(${\varepsilon},{\Psi}$-carotene) in some plants, however, has not been found in maize embryos. The vp7 mutant impairs a cyclization step from ${\gamma}$-carotene to both ${\beta}$-carotene and ${\alpha}$-carotene. We suggest that monocyclic ${\gamma}$-carotene is the sole precursor of both bicyclic ${\beta}$-carotene(${\beta},{\beta}$-carotene) and ${\alpha}$-carotene(${\beta},{\varepsilon}$-carotene) in maize.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1988.08a
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• pp.19-24
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• 1988

We have isolated two new cytotoxic polyynes against $L_{1210}$ cell from the root of Panax ginseng. namely acetylpanaxydol and panaxydolchorhydrin. The epoxy group in C-9 and the heptyl group on C-10 of the panaxydol-analogues potentiate the activity. Panaxydol has cis-configuration in epoxy group. There is no diffrernce in activity between cis-. trans- and cis/trans-configurational isomers. The essential structure for the cytotoxicity of panaxydol and its isomers is hept-l-en-4.6-diyn-3-ol.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1984

To investigate the hydration effects on the conformational changes of N-pivaloly-L-prolyl-N-methyl-N'-isopropyl-L-alanin amide (PPMIA), the conformational free energy changes have been calculated by using an empirical potential function varying all the independent degrees of freedom of PPMIA backbones. It is found that cis conformers are folded by a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond involving both terminal CO and NH groups whereas trans conformers accommodate the open conformation. Conformers in the free state are proved to be less stable than in the hydrated state. The free energy changes of cis and trans PPMIA due to the hydration are -50.5 and -39.8 kcal/mole, their conformational energy changes are -52.3 and -41.0 kcal/mole, and their conformational entropy changes are -5.9 and -4.0 e.u., respectively. The free energy changes of cis PPMIA to trans PPMIA in the free and hydrated states are 5.3 and 16.0 kcal/mole, their conformational energy changes are 7.6 and 18.8 kcal/mole, and the entropy changes due to the conformational transitions correspond to 7.5 and 9.4 e.u., respectively. From these results, it is found that the bound water molecules play an important role in stabilizing the conformation of PPMIA.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 2007

Mast cells play important roles in immune-related diseases, in particular, allergic diseases. Although 9-cis retinoic acid (9CRA) has been known as an immune regulator, its function in mast cells is not characterized well. In a previous paper, we demonstrated that 9CRA differentially decreases both CCR2 expression and the MCP-1-induced chemotactic activity of the human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells. In the present study, we examined the effects of 9CRA on the migration and expressions of inflammatory cytokines in HMC-1 cells. It was found that 9CRA significantly inhibited the migration of HMC-1 cells in response to stem cell factor (P<0.01), and it had no effect on the mRNA and protein expression of c-kit, a receptor binding to SCF. We further investigated the alternation of inflammatory cytokine expression and identified that 9CRA blocked the mRNA and protein expressions of Th2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5. Taken together, our results demonstrate that 9CRA blocks SCF-induced cell movement and the protein secretion of IL-4 and IL-5, and this indicates that 9CRA may have anti-inflammatory effects on mast cells.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.859-863
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• 1995

The prostaglandin analogue 12-epi-PGF2α (2) has been synthesized from optically active cis-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-cyclopenten-1-ol (4b) in 4 steps in an overall yield of 21%. An extremely efficient Pd(Ⅱ)-mediated, three-component coupling reaction is employed to obtain the key intermediate 9.