• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3943-3947
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• 2012

Objective: Findings for associations between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C gene polymorphism and head and neck cancer risk have been conflicting. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise relationship. Methods: Ten published case-control studies were collected and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and head and neck cancer risk. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment also were performed to guarantee the statistical power. Results: Overall, no significant association between MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and head and neck cancer risk was found in this meta-analysis (C vs. A: OR=1.04, 95%CI=0.87-1.25, P=0.668, Pheterogeneity<0.001; CC vs. AA: OR=1.07, 95%CI=0.70-1.65, P=0.748, $P_{heterogeneity}<0.001$; AC vs. AA: OR=1.06, 95%CI=0.88-1.27, P=0.565, $P_{heterogeneity}<0.001$; CC+AC vs. AA: OR=1.06, 95%CI=0.86-1.30, P=0.571, $P_{heterogeneity}<0.001$; CC vs. AA+AC: OR=1.02, 95%CI=0.69-1.52, P=0.910, $P_{heterogeneity}<0.001$). Similar results were also been found in succeeding analysis of HWE and stratified analysis of ethnicity. Conclusion: In conclusion, our meta-analysis demonstrates that MTHFR A1298C polymorphism may not be a risk factor for developing head and neck cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7665-7671
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• 2014

Objectives: The association between body mass index (BMI) and ovarian cancer risk is unclear and requires further investigation. The present meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of overweight and obesity on ovarian cancer risk in the premenopausal and postmenopausal periods. Data sources: Major electronic databases were searched until February 2014 including Medline and Scopus. Reference lists and relevant conference databases were searched and the authors were contacted for additional unpublished references. Review Methods: All cohort and case-control studies addressing the effect of BMI on ovarian cancer were included, irrespective of publication date and language. The effect measure of choice was risk ratio (RR) for cohort studies and odds ratio (OR) for case-control studies. The results were reported using a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Of 3,776 retrieved studies, 19 were ultimately analyzed including 10 cohort studies involving 29,237,219 person-years and 9 case-control studies involving 96,965 people. The results of both cohort and case-control studies showed being overweight and obesity increased the risk of ovarian cancer compared to women with normal weight during both premenopausal and postmenopausal periods: RR=1.08 (95%CI: 0.97, 1.19) and OR=1.26 (95%CI: 0.97, 1.63) for overweight and RR=1.27 (95%CI: 1.16, 1.38) and OR=1.26 (95%CI: 1.06, 1.50) for obesity. Conclusions: There is sufficient evidence that an increase in BMI can increase the risk of ovarian cancer regardless of the menopausal status, mimicking a dose-response relationship although the association is not very strong.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6681-6686
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• 2013

Background: Fatal adverse events (FAEs) have been reported with sorafenib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor kinase inhibitor (VEGFR TKI). We here performed an up-to-date and detailed meta-analysis to determine the overall risk of FAEs associated with sorafenib. Methods: Databases, including PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, and abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meetings were searched to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials evaluating sorafenib effects in patients with all malignancies. Summary incidence rates, relative risks (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for FAEs. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed according to tumor type and therapy regimen. Results: 13 trials recruiting 5,546 patients were included in our analysis. The overall incidence of FAEs with sorafenib was 1.99% (95%CI, 0.98-4.02%). Patients treated with sorafenib had a significantly increased risk of FAEs compared with patients treated with control medication, with an RR of 1.77 (95%CI 1.25-2.52, P=0.001). Risk varied with tumour type, but appeared independent of therapy regimen. A significantly increased risk of FAEs was observed in patients with lung cancer (RR 2.26; 95% CI 1.03-4.99; P= 0.043) and renal cancer (RR 1.84; 95% CI 1.15-2.94; P= 0.011). The most common causes of FAEs were hemorrhage (8.6%) and thrombus or embolism (4.9%). Conclusions: It is important for health care practitioners to be aware of the risks of FAEs associated with sorafenib, especially in patients with renal and lung cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5337-5341
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• 2015

Background: Individual susceptibility to cancer has been attributed to polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing genes. To evaluate the association of the Leu432Val polymorphism of cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), we conducted a case control study in Kashmir, India, an area with a relatively high incidence of ESCC. Materials and Methods: We recruited 404 histopathologically confirmed ESCC cases, and an equal number of controls, individually matched for sex, age and district of residence to respective cases. Information was obtained on various dietary, lifestyle and environmental factors in face to face interviews, using a structured questionnaire, from each subject. Genotypes were analysed by polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing of randomly selected samples. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: Among the three possible variants, we did not find any Leu432Leu genotype of CYP1B1 in the study population and the genotypic distribution of Val432Val and Leu432Val carriers was nearly equal in both cases (89.6% and 10.4%) and controls (88.9% and 11.1%) respectively. We did not find any risk associated with this polymorphism in the current study (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.55 - 1.64). Conclusions: The study indicates that (Leu432Val) polymorphism of CYP1B1, is not associated with ESCC risk. However, replicative studies with larger sample size are needed to substantiate the findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3299-3303
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• 2012

Objective: To investigate the association between xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) Asp312Asn polymorphism and esophageal cancer (EC) susceptibility by meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed up to April 9th, 2012, to identify relevant papers, and 8 published case-control studies including 2165 EC patients and 3141 healthy controls were yielded. Odds ratios (ORs) with relevant 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to assess the association between XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism and EC susceptibility with the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, version 2.2. Results: Overall, the meta-analysis results suggested the XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism to be significantly associated with EC susceptibility [(Asn/Asn+Asp/Asn) vs. Asp/Asp: OR=1.20, 95%CI=1.05-1.36, p=0.01; and Asp/Asn vs. Asp/Asp: OR=1.15, 95%CI =1.01-1.31, p=0.04]. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity and cancer type, significantly associations were found for Caucasian populations [(Asn/Asn+Asp/Asn) vs. Asp/Asp: OR=1.26, 95%CI =1.08-1.47, p<0.001; Asp/Asn vs. Asp/Asp: OR=1.19, 95%CI =1.02-1.40, p=0.03] and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [(Asn/Asn+Asp/Asn) vs. Asp/Asp: OR=1.19, 95%CI=1.01-1.41, p=0.04]. There was no heterogeneity and no publication bias existed. Conclusions: This meta-analysis shows that the XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism may be a risk factor for developing EC, especially for Caucasian populations and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3607-3612
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• 2014

Background: In recent years, numerous studies have been performed to investigate the CCND1 G870A gene polymorphism impact on brain tumors susceptibility. Unfortunately, the results of previous studies were inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of any association. Materials and Methods: We conducted a search in PubMed, Embase and CNKI covering all published papers up to November, 2013. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were applied to assess associations. Results: A total of 6 publications including 9 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled ORs for the total included studies showed significant association among comparison A vs G (OR= 1.246, 95%CI= 1.092-1.423, p= 0.001), homozygote comparison AA vs GG (OR= 1.566, 95%CI= 1.194-2.054, p= 0.001), heterozygote comparison AG vs GG (OR= 1.290, 95%CI= 0.934-1.782, p= 0.122), dominant model AA/GA vs GG (OR= 1.381, 95%CI= 1.048-1.821, p= 0.022) and recessive model AA vs GA/GG (OR= 1.323, 95%CI= 1.057-1.657, p= 0.015) especially in glioma. Conclusions: CCND1 G870A polymorphism may increase brain tumor risk, especially for gliomas. However, more primary large scale and well-designed studies are still required to evaluate the interaction of CCND1 G870A polymorphism with brain tumor risk.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3241-3245
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• 2015

Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of mitomycin-C and chemo-hyperthermia in combination for patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: Between November 2011-September 2013, 43 patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing adjuvant chemo-hyperthermia in two centers were evaluated retrospectively. Treatment consisted of 6 weekly sessions, followed by 6 sessions. Recurrence and progression rate, recurrence-free interval and side effects were examined. Analyzed factors included age, gender, smoking status, AB0 blood group, body mass index, T stage and grade, concominant CIS assets. The associations between predictors and recurrence were assessed using multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses. Results: A total of 40 patients completed induction therapy. Thirteen (32.5%) were diagnosed with tumor recurrence. Median follow-up was 30 months (range 9-39). Median recurrence-free survival was 23 months (range 6-36). The Kaplan-Meier-estimated recurrence-free rates for the entire group at 12 and 24 months were 82% and 61%. There was no statistically significant difference between patient subgroups. Cox hazard analyses showed that an A blood type (OR=6.23, p=0.031) was an independent predictor of recurrence-free. Adverse effects were seen in 53% of patients and these were frequently grades 1 and 2. Conclusions: Intravesical therapy with combination of mitomycin-C and chemohyperthermia seems to be appropriate in high-risk patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer who cannot tolerate or have contraindications for standard BCG therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3285-3291
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• 2015

Background: Non-synonymous polymorphisms in XRCC1 hase been shown to reduce effectiveness of DNA repair and be associated with risk of certain cancers. In this study we aimed to clarify any association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk by performing a meta-analysis of published case-control studies. Materials and Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to explore the association between XRCC1 and CRC. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the association strength. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's and Begg's tests. Results: Up to January 2015, 35 case control studies involving 9,114 CRC cases and 13,948 controls were included in the present meta-analysis. The results showed that the Arg399Gln polymorphism only under an allele genetic model was associated with CRC risk (A vs. G: OR 0.128, 95% CI 0.119-0.138, p<0.001). Also, this meta-analysis suggested that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism might associated with susceptibility to CRC in Asians (A vs G: OR 0.124, 95% CI 0.112-0.138, p<0.001) and Caucasian (A vs G: OR 0.132, 95% CI 0.119-0.146, p<0.001) only under an allele genetic model. Conclusions: This meta-analysis confirms the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and CRC risk and suggests that the heterogeneity is not strongly modified by ethnicity and deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.993-996
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• 2013

To evaluate the relation between smoking, alcohol drinking and risk of breast cancer in Chinese women, we conducted a case-control study with 669 cases and 682 population-based controls in Jiangsu Province of China. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit detailed information. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results revealed that smoking, whether active or passive through the husband, was related to increased risk of breast cancer. The ORs (adjusted for age, menopausal status, educational levels, occupation, body mass index and income) were 3.55 (95%CI: 1.27-9.91) for active smoking and 1.47 (95%CI: 1.18-1.84) for passive smoking from husbands, respectively. A significant positive relationship was observed between breast cancer risk and the degree of husbands' smoking. There were significant increase trend in ORs with the daily smoked number of cigarettes of husbands, the passive smoking years from husbands and the pack-years of husbands' smoking (trend test: p=0.00003, 0.00013 and 0.0001, respectively). Alcohol consumption was also found to be a risk factor. The findings of this study in particular suggest that husbands' smoking increases risk of breast cancer in Chinese women.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.570-578
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• 2012

The present study investigated the effect of diets supplemented with different levels (0, 1, 3, and 5 %) of fig leaf ethanol extract (FLEE) on the nutritional composition of black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Fish ($10.05{\pm}0.44g$) were fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. Adding FLEE decreased crude lipid levels and increased crude protein and ash. Among the three organic acids in the whole body of black rockfish, lactic acid was predominant, followed by citric acid and oxalic acid. Five free sugars were found in all groups. Fucose and glucose were the dominant free sugars in the FLEE-added group. The abundant fatty acids in the FLEE-added group were C16:0, C18:1-cis (n9), and C22:6n-3. The major amino acids in the samples were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, leucine, alanine, lysine, and arginine. The abundant free amino acids in the FLEE-added group were taurine, glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, and arginine.