• 한국인구학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.43-69
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• 1983

This study was conducted to make the life tables from specific causes of death in Korea. Both "Life tables of Korea in l978-79" and "the statistics on causes of death statistics in 1980" issued by Economic Planning Board were used as source of data for this study. Among the 58, 187 death certificates reported to the concerned authorities, 39, 801 causes were drawn for the purpose of this study. As a result, it is revealed that two thirds of men in Korea died from these 10 major causes of death. The summarized results are as follows: 1. According to recent statistics, 10 major causes of death in 1980 were shown in the order of 1) malignant neoplasms, 2) cerebrovascular disease, 3) accidents and adverse effects, 4)hypertensive disease, 5) ischaemic heart disease and heart attack, 6) chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, 7) tuberculosis, 8) pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema and asthma, 9) suicide, 10) diabetes mellitis. 2. The major causes of death in Korea were very similar to those of developed countries such as West Germany, Denmark and Japan. This means that our pattern of death causes is almost approaching to that of developed countries. 3. Our crude death rate in 1980 was on the line of 6.6 per 1, 000 people. This is very low level, compared with 12.1 in West Germany and 10.0 in Denmark, however, our age sepcific death rate was on the verge of doubled level in each age category as to that of West Germany, Denmark and Japan. The fact tells us that our death rate is very high yet, especially in young and prime adult age, and the proportion of the aged is quite low. 4. Average ages of people died from malignant neoplasms, cerebro vascular diseases and hypertensive diseases were 63.1, 66.6, 67.3 respectively, however, that of accidents and adverse effect was only 42.5. This shows that accidents occur indifferently from age. 5. In the curve of eventual death probability, the curve of malignant neoplasms was the highest of all curves before 60 in age. However, the probability curve of eventually dying from accidents and adverse effects tends to decline with age. 6. In this study five life tables from major causes of death (four leading causes of death and of tuberculosis) were constructed for 1979. These life tables are reflecting accurately the effects of age distribution on the specific cause of death. In the surviving curje of these tables we can see that the curve of accidents is adversely related to age. While curves of neoplasms, hypertension and tuberculosis are not diminishing before 40 in age, they are going sharply downward after 50 in age.ard after 50 in age.

• 한국인구학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.65-83
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is estimate limits of Korean life expectancy at birth by 'Gompertz growth curse Model', 'Cause-Elimination Model' and Multidimensional models of Senescencee and Mortality'. Data used in Gompertz curve were obtained from all life tables published from 1905 to 1990 in Korea, and life expectancies at birth of eighteen groups were selected at five-year interval in consideration of time-series changes. Data used in Cause-Elimination Model are 'Cause of Death statistics in 1991' published in 1992 by National Bureau of Statistics of Korea and 'life table of 1989' published in 1990 by National Bureau of Statistics, Economic Planning Board of Korea. The materials are all classifiable death data, 119, 253 cases of male and 82, 420 cases of female, which is from 1991 Causes of Death statistics. The cases of death analyzed belong to one of 8 categories; i.e., Infectious and Parasitic Diseases(001-139; with notation of Infectious Diseases), Malignant Neoplasms(140-208), Hypertensive Diseases(401-405), Ischemic Heart Dieases and Diseases of Pulmonary Circulation and Other Forms of Heart Diseases(410-429;with notation of Heart Disease), Cerebrovascular Diseases(430-438), Chronic Liver Diseases and Cirrhosis(571; with notation of Liver Diseases), Injury and Poisoning(800-999) and all other disease. Data used in 'Multidimensional models of senescence and mortality' were life table of 1989 published by National Bureau of statistics, Economic Planning Board of Korea and life table of 1970, 1978-79, 1983, 1985 and 1987. The major findings may be summarised as follows: 1. Estimate equations of Gompertz growth curve using life expectancy at birth during the 1905-1990 period are as the following. Male : y = 88.047697 $\times$ $0.199690^{0.903381x}$ Female : y = 95.632828 $\times$ $0.199690^{0.903381x}$ Limits of life expectancy at birth, which were estimated by Gompertz growth curve, are 88.05 for male and 95.63 for female. 2. The effect on life expectancy at birth eliminationg all causes death is 14.04 years(for male) and 10.86 years(for female). Astonishingly, eliminating the malignant neoplasms increase life expectancy at birth by 2.85 years for male 2.03 years for female in 1991. In table 8 we show the effect on life expectancy at birth of separately eliminating each of the 8 categorical causes of death. The theoretical limit to life expectancy by Cause-Elimination Model is 80.96 for male and 85.82 for female. 3. If the same rate of delay [0.376 year(male), 0.435 year(femable) per calendar year] continued, then life expectancy at birth would reach 74.82(male) years and 84, 10(female) years in 2010. With 14.04-years(male) and 10.86-years(female) effect attributable in 2010 would be 88.86 years(male) and 94.96(femable) years. 4. 'Multidimensional models of senescence and death' permits calculations of the value of the attribution coefficient (B), percent of loss per year of physiologic function. The results of Ro and B during the 1970-1989 period are listed in table 9. Estimate of limit to Korean life expectancy at birth by 'Multidimensional models of senescence and death' is 99.47 years for male and 104.74 years for female in 1989.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.90-108
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• 2003

Osuyubujaijung-tang(OBT) and Sipyimiguanjung-tang(SGT) has been developed as prescriptions for the Soyeumin constitution. The hepatoprotective effect of the water extract of Osuyubujaijung-tang(OBT) and Sipyimiguanjung-tang(SGT) was investigated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage. A single intra-peritoneal injection of CCl4 produced liver damage in rats as manifested by the significant rise of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in serum as compared to those of untreated normal group. Pretreatments of rats with Osuyubujaijung-tang(OBT) and Sipyimiguanjung-tang(SGT) 500 mg/kg for 7 days) were significantly reduced AST, ALT, and ALP levels compared with CCl4-treated control group. Treatment of rats with CCl4 led to significantly increase in lipid peroxidation and significantly decrease in cytochrome P450 and P450 reductase. The oral administration of Osuyubujaijung-tang(OBT) and Sipyimiguanjung-tang(SGT) water extract significantly inhibited the accumulation of microsomal thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and increased the cytochrome P450 and P450 reductase activity. All these biochemical alterations resulting from CCl4 administration were inhibited by the pretreatment with Osuyubujaijung-tang(OBT) and Sipyimiguanjung-tang(SG1) extract. These results suggest that Osuyubujaijung-tang(OBT) and Sipyimiguanjung-tang(SGT) water extract can be useful as a hepatoprotective agent. And the effect of NO modulation by NO synthesis or precursors, and Osuyubujaijung-tang(OBT) and Sipyimiguanjung-tang (SGT) water extract was researched on chronic liver damage induced by CCl4 administration. It was observed that endogenous NO protected the liver from lipid peroxidation, fibrosis, and damage. Osuyubujaijung-tang(OBT) and Sipyimiguanjung-tang(SGT) water extract showed the hepatoprotective effect on the chronic liver cirrhosis model and relationship with NO modulation.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.635-640
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• 2015

본 연구는 지방축적이 유도된 HepG2 세포를 이용하여 용아초 EtOAc 분획물의 지방축적억제 효능을 확인하고자 하였다. Oleic acid를 HepG2 세포에 처리하여 지방의 축적을 유도하였으며, 용아초 EtOAc 분획물 25, 50, 100㎍/㎖을 처리하여 실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과 용아초 EtOAc 분획물은 100 ㎍/㎖의 농도에서 HepG2 세포의 지방축적을 효과적으로 억제하였으며, 이 효능의 기전을 확인하기 위하여 지질관련 유전자인 PPAR-α와 PPAR-γ의 발현을 확인하였다. 용아초 EtOAc 분획물은 농도 의존적으로 (25, 50, 100 ㎍/㎖) PPAR-α의 발현을 증가시켰으며, PPAR-γ는 억제함으로써 지질관련 유전자의 발현을 조절하였다. 따라서 용아초 EtOAc 분획물의 지방축적억제 효능은 지방 생성의 주요 인자로 알려진 PPAR-α와 PPAR-γ의 유전자 발현을 통해 작용하는 것으로 보이며, 비교적 저농도인 100 ㎍/㎖에서 효과적으로 지방축적억제 효능을 나타내었으므로 용아초 EtOAc 분획물은 비알콜성 지방간의 위해성을 경감하기 위한 후보물질로서 적합할 것으로 사료되며, 향후 활성성분 규명 및 명확한 작용기전 규명을 통하여 식품, 의약품의 원료에 대한 가능성을 확인할 계획이다.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.550-557
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• 1996

One of therapeutics in liver disease (morbus wilson) is D-penicillamin (D-pen: D-3-mercapto-valin). Especially the cross-linking of collagen molecules could be inhibited by D-pe n in extracellular space. In this study we investigated the antifibrotic effects of D-pen in rats that were induced the liver fibrosis by bile duct ligation and scission (BDL/S). Rats were treated for 4 weeks with D-pen after BDL/S operation or sham operation. The balance between fibrogenesis-marker (PNIIIP) and the fibrolysis-maker (PNIVP) were observed in sera by RIA (radioimmunoassay), and the parameter of collagen deposition in liver tissue (hydroxyproline: HYP) was measured by colorimetry. The weight of liver in BDL/S operated group was increased significantly in compared with sham operation group (15.2g${\pm}$1.1, vs 11.9g${\pm}$3.9: p<0.005, p<0.05). The rats group treated by D-pen showed the lower level of PNIIIP (6.7ng/ml${\pm}$1.5, vs 9.5ng/ml${\pm}$2.8) and the higher value of PIVCP (14.0ng/ml${\pm}$1.9, vs 7.9ng/ml${\pm}$1.5) in sera that compared to untreated rats. The content of HYP was decreased by 141% in BDL/S with D-pen treated group than that of it in BDL/S group. No correlation was revealed between collagen parameters in sera and HYP in liver tissue of BDL/S operated and D-pen treated rats. The group treated with D-pen showed the lower value of clinical biochemistry parameters (GOT: glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, Total-Bilirubin) in compared with only BDL/S operated rats, but the value of GPT (glutamate pyruvate transaminase) and Alkaline phosphatase in two BDL/S groups was nearly same. In the histological finding, we observed mild bile duct proliferation, weak inflammation and fibrosis in BDL/S with D-pen treated group, but BDL/S operated group showed the formation of septum (island of hepatocytes), massive bile duct proliferation. This result represents that the BDL/S operation induces liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) in 4 weeks, and D-pen inhibits the synthesis of collagen weakly and stimulates the degradation of collagen in the extracellular space. We conclude that the monitoring of PNIIIP, PIVCP in sera is useful parameter for screening of antifibrotic effect, and D-pen delay the liver fibrosis.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.208-211
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• 2006

Microalbuminuria is most frequently caused by kidney damage from diabetes. Moreover, many other conditions can lead to kidney damage, such as high blood pressure, heart failure, cirrhosis, or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The measurement of the microalbumin in urine may be useful for the early diagnosis or as a predictor of nephropathy in diabetes. The most common method for getting a quantitative measurement of urinary protein relies on a 24-hour urine collection. The result of this method is accurate. But 24hr urine collection is difficult to obtain and variations in volume are frequent. Also the patients complain about urine collection. We tried to measure reference values for microalbumin using fasting urine and compare them with the albumin/creatinine ratio using 24hr urine. The concentrations of microalbumin in fasting urine and 24hr urine were $7.1{\pm}3.8mg/L$, $5.7{\pm}2.9mg/L$ (r=0.61, p=0.27), respectively. The albumin/creatinine ratios using fasting urine and 24hr urine were $8.7{\pm}4.2{\mu}g/mg$, $8.7{\pm}4.0{\mu}g/mg$ (r=0.76, p=0.88), respectively. This study indicated that the measurement of microalbumin in fasting urine was an easy and simple method for early diagnosis or to predict nephropathy in diabetes. Thus, setting up the reference value using fasting urine may be useful in the screening test for the diabetic nephropathy patients instead of using the 24hr albumin excretion rate (AER).

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2002

Hepatitis B viral infection which affect about 10% of Korean population manifests asymptomatic carrier, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis and even associates with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical manifestations induced by hepatitis B virus vary depending on the degree of immune response by cytotoxic T cells against viral epitope-presenting liver cells. Since hepatitis B virus presents high rate of mutaton that might change the presented epitope and eventually alter immune response, viral mutations, especially in promoters and enhancers, have an important implication in hepatic inflammation and viral replication. To identify mutations related to the hepatic inflammation, we investigated sequence variations of hepatitis B viral promotor regions in the presence or absence of symptoms in hepatitis B carriers. For this, sera from persistently hepatitis B virus-infected mother-child pairs were collected. After PCR amplifiation of all hepatitis B viral promoters (C promoter, S1 promoter, S2/S promoter, X promoter) using serum DNA from each pair, viral promotors were sequenced by automatic sequencer and then sequence data were analyzed by ClustalW. In most cases, the dominant type of maternal virus was transmitted to the child. However, in some children, some new host specific viral variants could be observed in Cp, S1p and S2/Sp. The mutations in C promoter did not seem to be vertically transmitted but arose in new host independently after the wild type had been transmitted. Enhancer I containing X promoter revealed high host specific variations as has been reported before. Two S promoters, S1p and S2/Sp, have shown some point mutations in children, but no deletion mutations were detected as in chronic hepatitis patients in whom deletion mutations are frequently found. In conclusion, the children with the vertically transmitted hepatitis B virus mostly retain the dominant type virus that had been transmitted. However, host specific variants tended to accumulate over time, possibly as clinical symptoms develop.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.178-184
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• 1999

목 적: 간내담도부족증은 신생아 담즙정체증의 중요한 원인의 하나이며, 담도폐쇄증과는 경과와 예후가 다르다. 이에 간내담도부족증의 빈도와 임상 양상, 경과, 예후 등을 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 3월부터 1999년 5월까지 신생아 담즙정체로 간조직 생검을 시행한 2세 미만의 영아 42명을 대상으로 이들의 조직 생검 표본을 재검하였고, 이들 중 간내담도부족증으로 진단받은 14명에 대하여 후향적으로 의무기록을 분석하였다. 결 과: 1) 담즙정체증으로 간조직 생검을 시행한 환아 42명 중, 담도폐쇄증이 23명(54.8%), 간내담도부족증이 14명(33.3%), 신생아 간염이 5명(11.9%)이었다. 간내담도부족증 중에서 Alagille 증후군이 4명이었고 비증후군성 간내담도부족증이 10명이었다. 2) Alagille 증후군 환아 4명 중, 현재 3명은 지속적인 담즙정체가 있으며, 1명은 회복되었다. 3) 비증후군성 간내담도부족증 환아에서 TORCH, Syphilis, EBV, HAV, HBV, HCV의 감염 증거나 대사성 질환의 증거가 없는 특발성이었고, 이들중 추적관찰이 계속되었던 환아는 8명이었으며, 평균36.8개월의 추적관찰 기간동안 7명의 환아에서 혈청 빌리루빈이 정상 범위로 되었고, 1명의 환아가 간이식 수술 후에 혈청 빌리루빈이 정상치가 되었다. 결 론: 신생아 담즙정체증 환아에서 간내담도부족증의 빈도가 적지않아 신생아 담즙정체증의 감별진단에 반드시 포함시켜야될 것으로 생각되며, 예후 판정에는 보다 많은 환아와 장기간의 추적관찰이 필요하나 비증후군성 간내담도부족증의 경우 대부분 양호한 예후를 보였다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2001

담즙정체성 간염의 원인과 임상양상, 검사실 소견 및 경과를 알아보고자 1991년에서 2000년까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 혈액검사 및 간생검으로 담즙정체성 간염이 확진된 14명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 담즙정체성 간염에서 비정상 간기능검사의 기간은 1개월에서 30개월까지 다양하게 나타났고, 항결핵제, 항생제에 의한 담즙정체성 간염이외에도 한약제, 건강식품에 의한 경우 검사실 소견과 임상경과가 중하게 나타나는 경우가 있으므로, 이들 약물을 사용한 병력이 있는 경우 정기적인 간기능 검사가 필요하다. 담즙정체성 간염이 만성 간내 담즙정체를 보이는 경우 바이러스에 의한 담즙정체성 간염과 담관소멸 증후군으로의 진행 유무, 원발성 담즙성 간경변증, 자가면역성 간염과의 감별이 필요하며, 지속적인 간기능 검사이상을 보일 경우에는 연속적인 간생검이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한수혈학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2012

저자들은 항체동정검사 효소법에서 항체 반응이 소실된 항-$Jk^a$ 2예를 경험하여 보고하는 바이다. 첫 번째 환자는 72세 여자로 간경화와 대장암 환자였으며, 두 번째 환자는 55세 여자로 골수이형성증후군과 불완전형베체트병 환자였다. LISS/Coombs gel card (DiaMed AG, Cressoer sur Morat, Swotzerland)법을 이용한 항체동정검사에서 $Jk^a$ 항원을 가진 적혈구의 반응은 음성에서 1+이었고, 효소처리 적혈구에서는 예상과 달리 모두 음성이 었다. 환자의 Kidd 표현형은 Jk(a-b+)이었다. 저자들은 이 환자의 혈청을 효소 처리된 $Jk^a+$ 적혈구 및 EDTA와 함께 반응시킨 결과 양성으로 나옴을 확인하였고, 효소처리 적혈구의 반응이 음성인 이유는 보체에 의한 억제반응으로 생각하였다.