• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.981-991
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop the pattern-making for Korean glove. To develop the pattern-making for glove this study comprehensive list of candidate hand data was reviewed and the manufacturers(career over th 15 years) were interviewed on the method of glove. The results of regression analysis(hand data) were as follows (unit: cm): wrist thumb tip length = middle finger length + 3.22, hand bread = 1.25 $\times$ middle finger length + 2.18, middle finger breadth at dist = 0.23 $\times$ index finger circumference + 0.4, maximum hand circumference = 3.15 $\times$ index finger circumference + 4.13, middle finger circumference = 0.91 $\times$ index finger circumference + 0.47, maximum hand thickness = 0.69 $\times$ index finger circumference -0.02. Hand measurements for glove pattern-making were developed: There were palmar hand length, hand circumference, index finger circumference and middle finger length.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.576-584
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to define the detailed factors related to expressing the aesthetic image of various baggy pants with changes to the hip circumference and crotch length ease. For this, detailed factors expressing the aesthetic image of baggy pants were deduced, and the aesthetic image and mutual influence according to the change in the hip circumference and crotch length ease were analyzed. Nine baggy pants with different levels of hip circumference and crotch length ease were produced as experimental pants. The image of each pair of experimental baggy pants was evaluated based on pictures taken of the pants worn by a woman in her 20s with a standard body figure. The image assessment team was composed of 105 clothing majors. The research results are as follows. Three aesthetic image factors of baggy pants were extracted: attractiveness, elegance and activity. When there was not much ease in the hip circumference and crotch length of the baggy pants, it appeared to look more attractive, younger and fashionable. A dignified and feminine image was perceived more when there was less ease in the hip circumference regardless of the crotch length. Because there was less ease in the hip circumference and crotch length, it appeared to be more comfortable, active and soft. These research results show that baggy pants with too much ease in the hip circumference or crotch length are perceived to be less attractive and actually as inactive. As seen here, there is a difference in the aesthetic image according to the change in the hip circumference and crotch length of the baggy pants; therefore, baggy pants which suits a person's own body type can be chosen to enhance the preferred aesthetic image of individuals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.826-841
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• 1995

This study is concerned with the functional utility of movement in sleeve from an ergonomic viewpoint. Experiments were carried out which include 43 upper extremity segments, 21 motions and 35 female subjects. The major conclusions of the study are. 1. The expansion rate of upper extremity was higher in length than in circumference mesurements. The amounts of expansion were, especially high (more than 60mm) for inner arm length, axillary arm circumference, and outer arm length. Therefore, a lot of ease is necessary for these parts. On the other hand, armhole circumference, forearm circumference, and wrist circumference had low rates of expansion. The sleeve cap length was also contracted in all motions. 2. The expansion rate and the range of expansion and contraction were higher in the upper arm than in the forearm. The main points of expansion were the axillary and elbow parts. The segment of maximum expansi (rate of 44.8%) was Iii of axillary parts. As the body surface expands mainly in some segments, it is desirable to allow ease to the main segments of expansion. 3. In a basic sleeve, necessary ease was lacking in the measurements for outer arm length and axillary arm circumference, while it was too large in armhole circumference, forearm circumference, wrist circumference, and sleeve cap length. Therefore, a basic sleeve is inadequate as a functional sleeve for hard work in point of functional utility of movement. Wider application of these findings would lead to an improvement in the comfort of workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.42
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• pp.163-172
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to classify the types of torso of adult females using the tight fitting technique and pattern development figure. The subjects are 106 females of 19 to 24 years old. 59 different items are measured from body surface development and analyzed by factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results are as follows; 1. Eight somatotype factors are obtained through factor analysis and orthogonal rotation by the method of Varimax Factor 1 is the length of upper body factor 2 the length of lower body factor 3 the circumference and width of the back of upper body factor 4 the circumference and width of front torso factor 5 the dart type of the back of upper body factor 6 the size of the back neck factor 7 the type of the front shoulder and factor 8 the size of the back arm hole. 2. As a result of cluster analysis the somatotype of torso is classified into 5 types. Type 1 is normal in length circumference and width of upper body. Type 2 is shortest length circumference and width of torso. Type 3 is long in length circumference and width of torso. Type 4 is normal length and short in circumference and width especially short in bust circumference. Type 5 is longest in length circumference and width of torso.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.912-922
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• 2012

With a long crotch length and much ease in the hip area, baggy pants are visually expressed in a variety of designs when compared with regular pants. The purpose of this study is to define the image differences of various baggy pants designs according to hip circumference and crotch length ease. To that end, this study deduced the visual image variable of experimental baggy pants and analyzed visual images according to changes in hip circumference and crotch length. Nine baggy pants with different levels of hip circumference and crotch length ease were produced as experimental pants. The image of each pair of experimental baggy pants was evaluated based on pictures taken of the pants worn by a woman in her 20s with a standard body figure. The image assessment team was composed of 105 clothing majors. The research results are as follows. Four visual image factors of experimental baggy pants were extracted: whole body compensation, lower body compensation, hip compensation, and waist compensation. Among the 4 factors, the whole body compensation factor was shown as the most representative factor. The body compensation image was higher with less hip circumference ease in the experimental baggy pants, and more hip circumference ease created the optical illusion of a larger body figure, presenting a significant difference between waist circumference and hip circumference. The lower body compensation factor, hip compensation factor, and waist compensation factor all showed a significant influence on changes in hip circumference ease. This result shows that changes in hip circumference ease exerted more influence on the body compensation image than did changes in crotch length ease. The results of this study provide basic data for predicting visual images according to differences in the level of ease in baggy pants, helping people select clothing suitable to their preferences and body shapes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.112-125
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• 2012

This study researches the preferred ease of torso sloper according to body sizes and drop. For this, the eases of main body parts such as chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, biacromion length, and waist back length were analysed; in addition, the drop differences of body and pattern were explored to find out characteristics of silhouette changes. The subjects were 55 women in their early 20s (aged from 20 to 24) and individual torso block made with muslin was corrected 1-3 times by a personal fitting. There were 3 meaningful results. First, the preferred ease were individually various; however, the eases of all torso blocks should be same at the pattern making step. Second, the eases were also significantly different among body size groups and the bigger group preferred less ease at the biacromion length, waist back length, armhole-depth, chest circumference, and waist circumference. Third, the eases of chest circumference and hip circumference were significantly changed among drop groups. To change their body drop, H-shape drop adopted less ease at chest circumference and more ease at hip circumference; however, A-shape drop adopted more ease at chest circumference and less ease at hip circumference.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.325-336
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise training on the length and circumference of atrophied muscles to see whether improvement in restoring the atrophied muscle mass, of either length or circumference growth could be induced through exercise training. Adult female Wistar rats were maintained for 14 days with hindlimb suspension. Rats were then assigned randomly to a sedentary group or training group. The length and circumference of both atrophied soleus and plantaris muscle for the training and sedentary groups following hindlimb suspension were compared with those of a control group. Length and circumference of both atrophied soleus and plantaris muscle in trained group was compared with those in the sedentary group. The results can be summarized as follows ; 1) Atrophy of soleus and plantaris muscle was induced with hindlimb suspension. 2) The circumference of both the soleus and plantaris muscle following hindlimb suspension was reduced to 51. 72%, 66.67% respectively compared to the control group. The length of both the soleus and plantaris muscle following hindlimb suspension did not show any difference compared to the control group. 3) There was no difference in length for either the atrophied soleus or plantaris muscle between the trained and the sedentary group during recovery from hindlimb suspension. 4) The circumference of both the atrophied soleus and plantaris muscle did not return to normal in the sedentary group, however, the circumference of both the atrophied soleus and plantaris muscle were significantly greater than of the control in the trained group, 14.22% and 9.38% respectively. 5) The circumference of both the atrophied soleus and plantaris muscle in the trained group was significantly larger than that of both muscles in the sedentary group at day 28 of recovery. From these results, it can be suggested that improvement in restoring the atrophied muscle mass through exercise training might be induced by growth of the muscle circumference.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.120-134
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• 2007

The usage of basic bodice blocks at men's apparel companies is investigated and the domestic and international men's upper bodice blocks are compared to find directions of research on development of bodice basic blocks. The following conclusions are found in this study. 1. The survey shows that basic bodice blocks are not used at men's apparel companies although all the respondents have good knowledge on bodice basic blocks. They responded that basic bodice blocks for representative body figures of each age category or of each country would help comparative studies on domestic and international basic bodice blocks and development of exporting apparel products. Also, they expected the utilization of men's basic bodice blocks both as education materials and in studies of design, of body figures, and of basic blocks for industry. 2. The comparative study on men's bodice blocks shows that waist circumference, hip circumference, neck circumference, height, and shoulder length, in addition to the minimal essential size items such as chest circumference and center back length, are used in most basic bodice blocks. The size formulae of each basic block are compared to find how the sizes are determined. For center back length, either measured back length or a certain proportion of height is used. For front and back interscyes, chest circumference is used in most basic bodice blocks. Either measured size, or a certain proportion of height or chest circumference is used for back height. The averaged ease allowances of basic bodice blocks are 3.2 cm for chest circumference, 10.8 cm for waist circumference, 1.2 cm for front interscye, 0.1 cm for back interscye, 0.2cm for shoulder length, and 0 cm for center back length. However, body blocks for different types of clothes have different ease allowances. Shirt basic blocks have ease allowances of 6.1 cm for chest circumference, 13.7 cm for waist circumference, 1.4 cm for front interscye, 0.6 cm for back interscye, 1.2 cm for shoulder length, and 1.8 cm for center back length. On the other hand, jacket basic blocks have ease allowances of 8.8 cm for chest circumference, 16 cm for waist circumference, 1.1 cm for front interscye, 1.4 cm for back interscye, 1.1 cm for shoulder length, and 0.8 cm for center back length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.937-954
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• 2010

This study analyzes the body characteristics of Korean obese women using 2004 Size Korea data. For selecting the obesity sample, 7 obesity judgment indices were chosen from previous clothing-related studies. A total of 636 females defined as "obese" by 5 out of 7 indices were selected as subjects for this study. 54 body measurements and obesity judgment indices were used. First, the subjects had a BMI 27.11, R$\ddot{o}$hrer index 1.76, Vervaeck index 104.77, Relative weight 133.00, and WHR 0.90. In the case of the distribution by age groups, the twenties were 6.4% of the entire subjects, the thirties were 18.2%, the forties were 16.4%, the fifties were 37.4%, and the sixties were 21.5%. The result of the ANOVAs (divided into 5 age groups) showed significant differences in 41 measurement items except for bust circumference, waist length front, and all of obesity judgment indices. Second, according to the ANOVAs among stature groups divided by 5cm pitches there are significant differences in all measurements except for bust circumference. The results of the ANOVAs among bust circumference groups divided by 5cm pitches show that significant differences were observed in all measurements except four measurement items (including body rise). According to the ANOVAs among the waist circumference groups divided by 5cm pitches, there are no significant differences in all height measurements and shoulder length, waist to hip length, and crotch length. It is confirmed that stature and bust circumference have a deep relationship with measurements other than waist circumference. Third, as the factor analysis were conducted using 39 measurement items to extract the body characteristics of obese women Factor 1 is "circumference measurements & obesity judgment indices," Factor 2 is "heights & arm-related lengths," and Factor 3 is "size and ratio of waist circumference & hip circumference." Factor 4 was "lengths in upper body," Factor 5 was "back width in upper body," Factor 6 was "side neck point to bust & bust circumference," Factor 7 was "length in lower body & arm circumferences," and Factor 8 was "neck base circumference & front widths in upper body." These 8 factors explained 76.54% of the total variance.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

In this study 61private brand skirts and 67 brand name skirts were compared to see if the skirts from the different markets were suitable for both comfort and movement. The researcher chose size 66 skirts with a waist circumference of 68~70cm and hip circumference of 92cm. The resets are as follows. (1) In the waist measurement, the minor brand skirts were made at the maximum measurement (70cm) and the department store brand skirts were at the minimum (68cm). (2) Compared with the standard back split length of 9cm for a 48cm-long skirt, the minor brand skirts had a split of only 4.5cm, while the department store brand skirts were 3cm less (split length-6cm). From this result, we see that both of them are less practical than they are supposed to be (3) For the department store skirts, the hip circumference and waist circumference show a significant correlation to skirt length (p<0.05) and back split length (p<0.001). Larger waist & hip measurements equal longer split length. For the minor brand skirts, the length of the split shows a significant correlation to the depth of the hem-line Shorter split equals smaller hem depth. From these results, it can be concluded that the two groups of skirts do not differ except for back split length and waist circumference, but regarding the split length, both of them should be modified for else of movement and comfort.