• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.12-24
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• 2023

Sitophilus oryzae L. (Rice Weevil) is a stored pest of rice that causes extensive loss throughout the world. We tested the leaf powders of 12 plant species viz., Chrysanthemum sp., Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus grandis, Citrus limon, Gliricidia sepium, Gymnema sylvestre, Hemigraphis colorata, Michelia champaca, Moringa oleifera, Murraya koenigii, Polyalthia longifolia, and Sauropus androgynus at dosages of 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 3.00g against the adult rice weevil and mortality was recorded at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 12 and 2l days after treatment (DAT) by direct contact toxicity for their adulticidal effect. We observed 100 percent adult mortality in C. zevlanicum and M. koenigii among the tested leaf powders. In addition, the first-time tested H. colorata and S. androgynus also caused high mortality compared to other plants. All the plant powders caused moderate to high adult mortality. Hence, these plants could be effective botanical insecticides against S. oryzae as they comprise a potential source of bioactive chemicals and are generally free from toxicants. Applications of these natural derivatives in S. oryzae control could reduce the cost of control methods and storage of rice contamination. Therefore, the present study indicates that some plant extracts can be used as an alternative to toxic synthetic chemicals in the management of rice weevils.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.549-561
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• 2023

Recently, consumers have gained an interest in natural and minimally processed foods, inciting the food industry to consider using of natural products as preservatives. Strawberries are a widely consumed fruit but are also highly perishable. Therefore, in this study, the physicochemical properties of strawberries (Fragaria×ananassa) were evaluated after a 12-h treatment with lemon essential oil (Citrus×limon) or cinnamon essential oil (Cinnamomum cassia) vapor during storage at 22℃ for 4 days in an accelerated shelf-life study and 4℃ for 18 days in a validation study. Weight loss was blunted in fruit treated with oil vapor during the first days of storage (p<0.05). Lemon essential oil delayed fruit darkening (p<0.05) but reduced the firmness of strawberries (p<0.05). Strawberries treated with cinnamon essential oil had a higher concentration of reducing sugars (p<0.05), and a decrease of 16.7% visible decay, although the difference was insignificant. Oil vapor treatment did not alter the pH, organic acid content, or soluble solid content during storage compared to the control. Since lemon and cinnamon essential oils have well-documented antimicrobial properties, they may be suitable for the natural preservation of fruit. This study provides new information on using essential oil vapor treatment to preserve fruits, and potentially decrease fruit loss and waste.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.24-36
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• 2024

This study determines the combinatorial effect of enterocin MSW5 and five essential oils (EOs- Thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Cymbopogon citrus) against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of each antimicrobial agent was determined. The MIC of enterocin MSW5 against test pathogens was in the following order: S. aureus (0.362 ± 0.01), S. Typhimurium (0.362 ± 0.05 mg/ml), L. monocytogenes (0.725 ± 0.08 mg/ml). Among all EOs, maximum activity was observed in the case of C. zeylanicum against S. aureus (78.12 ± 0.04 ppm), S. Typhimurium (78.12 ± 0.08 ppm), and L. monocytogenes (39.00 ± 0.05 ppm). Further, the checkerboard assay was used to determine the synergistic effect between antimicrobial agents and enterocin MSW5 in combination with C. zeylanicum has shown significant synergism with the Fraction Inhibitory Concentration index (0.372) against test pathogens. Additionally, individual EOs and enterocin MSW5 have shown anti-biofilm activity, whereas their combined use has shown more significant antibiofilm activity. The maximum anti-biofilm activity was observed with the combination of enterocin MSW5 and O. vulgares against S. aureus (92.86 ± 0.06%) and S. Typhimurium (73.63 ± 0.23%) and a combination of enterocin MSW5 and C. citrus against L. monocytogenes (87.84 ± 0.15%). Therefore, combinations of antimicrobial compounds can control the growth of foodborne pathogens better than the individual agent.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.575-581
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• 2024

Insect pests are a significant threat to stored crops and can lead to considerable economic losses and reduced crop quality. Traditional pest control methods often involve chemical treatments, which have adverse environmental and health effects. This study evaluated the effectiveness of controlling the environment using LED lighting and plant-derived odor barriers as a dual strategy for insect pest control. The storage environment was altered using LED lights that emitted specific wavelengths (580-585 nm) and by reducing other wavelengths (300-500 nm). This light environment was combined with an insect odor barrier derived from Cinnamomum verum, Illicium verum, and Artemisia annua, and their duel impact on the behavior and frequency of insect pests under real storage conditions was determined. The findings revealed significant changes in the frequencies of various insect orders, indicating differential responses to light wavelengths and odor barriers. Notably, the introduction of an anti-insect light and odor barrier environment reduced Diptera and Hemiptera frequencies, which could potentially reduce pest intrusion. The results underscore the potential use of integrated light and odor barriers as a noninvasive and environmentally friendly approach to pest management. This study identifies the specific wavelengths and odor combinations that effectively deter insect pests and contribute to the development of more efficient and sustainable pest control methods. It also highlights the importance of understanding insect behavior and frequency changes in response to novel deterrent strategies.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.336-346
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the vegetation structure of 34 plots for inspection(plot unit: $100m^2$)of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.), Jeju-do, Korea. In accordance with the results of TWINSPAN and mean importance percentage analysis, the target forest was aged $28{\sim}52$, and classified into seven community types in total: Ilex rotunda community, Castanopsis sieboldii community, Castanopsis sieboldii-Quercus glauca community, Quercus glauca-Castanopsis sieboldii community, Quercus glauca community, Quercus glauca-Camellia japonica community, and Quercus glauca-Styrax japonica community. According to the results of importance percentage analysis and DBH class distribution of major woody species, the vegetational aspects showed that the dominant species were Castanopsis sieboldii and Quercus glauca in the canopy layer and Camellia japonica in the subordinate layer. Ilex rotunda and Quercus glauca-Styrax japonica community were damaged vegetation in the canopy layer. According to the index of Shannon's diversity in the six communities including the dominant species - Quercus glauca and Castanopsis sieboldii, their species diversity degree was $0.8745{\sim}1.3018$ and that of Ilex rotunda community was the lowest 0.7619. Camellia japonica, Eurya japonica, Ilex rotunda, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium, Ardisia crenata appeared in all the seven communities. In addition, Litsea coreana and Cinnamomum japonicum as well as Neolitsea serica presumed as climax species in the warm temperate climate also appeared and the constancy ratio of Cinnamomum japonicum was more than 80%. As a result, the target forest in Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) was mainly compose of Castanopsis sieboldii and Quercus glauca in the canopy layer as a mixed vegetational pattern, and Cameliia japonica was dominant in the subordinate layer. Continuous monitoring was required, since Camellia japonica was strong in the subordinate layer in contrast to the weakness of Litsea coreana and Neolitsea serica reported as the species of climax stage in the forest with Evergreen Broad-leaved Vegetation at a viewpoint of successional direction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.4
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• pp.397-407
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• 2017

This research aims to analyze and compare the drought resistance of 7 species of landscape trees commonly grown in Korea. The 7 species are: Camellia japonica, Rhaphiolepis indica, Quercus glauca, Machilus thunbergii, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Dendropanax morbifera and Cinnamomum camphora. In order to analyze their drought resistance, the samples were left without irrigation for 30 days (05/09/2016 ~ 05/10/2016), during which period their respective drought resistor, relative water content, electrolyte elution figures and proline content were measured. As the non-irrigation proceeded, C. camphora was the first to wither, followed by D. morbifera, then D. macropodum, then M. thunbergii, then Q. glauca, then R. indica then finally C. japonica. Of the 7 species, Q. glauca, C. japonica and R. indica can be considered highly drought resistant, since they survived for longer than 3 weeks without irrigation. Relative water content (RWC) plummeted dramatically after the first 15 days of non-irrigation. Whereas RWC readings of C. camphora, D. morbifera, D. macropodum and M. tunbergii dropped by 40% or more, the other 4 species reported a relatively low rate of decrease at 20% or lower. The Camellia japonica, the R. indica and Q. glauca, which were the species with relatively high drought resistance, showed low proline content and electrolyte elution figures, whereas those of C. camphora, D. macropodum, D. morbifera and M. tunbergii were higher. Analysis through the nonlinear regression analysis logistic model showed that non-irrigation proved fatal for the 7 sample species in a range of 22.7 to 37.6 days. The C. japonica, R. indica, Q. glauca and M. tunbergii demonstrated a high drought resistance of 30 days or longer, whereas C. camphora, D. morbifera and D. macropodum had a low resistance of 25 days or less to drought from lack of water. In conclusion, out of the 7 species of broad-leaved evergreen trees tested, C. japonica, R. indica and Q. glauca seem to be suitable for use as landscape trees, owing to their high drought resistance.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.433-452
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• 2018

This study was conducted to select candidates from plant resources for the purpose of improving or treating Alzheimer's disease, a type of dementia. One hundred and eighty-four plant extracts at a final concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$ were screened to determine their capacity to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by in vitro assay. From this AChE assay, seven plant extracts - including methanol ext. and water ext. of Phellaodendron amurense Rupr. (bark), methanol ext. of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (stamen/ovary), methanol ext. of Persicaria tinctoria H. GROSS (flower), methanol ext. of Coptis chinensis (rhizome), ethanol ext. of Cinnamomum cassia Blume(bark) and ethanol ext. of Carthamus tinctorius L. (fruit) - showed effective inhibition activity ranging from 18.7% to 63.1%. The selected extracts were testified their inhibition activities on AChE and BuChE (butyrylcholinesterase) at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, $200{\mu}g/ml$. In the AChE assay, five extracts including methanol ext. of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (stamen/ovary), methanol ext. of Persicaria tinctoria H. GROSS (flower), methanol ext. of Coptis chinensis (rhizome), methanol ext. and water ext. of Phellaodendron amurense Rupr. (bark) showed inhibition activity of 15.0%~73.5%, 19.5%~63.5%, 81.6%~58.5%, 69.9%~80.5%, and 54.8%~78.3%, respectively, at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, $200{\mu}g/ml$. In the BuChE assay, the extracts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (stamen/ovary), Persicaria tinctoria H. GROSS (flower), and Coptis chinensis (rhizome) showed inhibitory capacities of 58.9~81.6%, 45.8%~72.4%, and 33.1%~55.4% at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, $200{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In conclusion, it is suggested that Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (stamen/ovary), Persicaria tinctoria H. GROSS, Coptis chinensis (rhizome) and Phellaodendron amurense Rupr. (bark) could be selected as candidate materials for improving or treating Alzheimer's disease on the basis of further study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1336-1343
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• 2005

In the present study, we screened candidates for enhancing insulin action and secretion from Cinnamomum camphora (CC) fractions, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Min6 cells by investigating insulin- stimulated glucose uptake and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, respectively. CC were extracted by $70\%$ ethanol followed by XAD-4 column chromatography with serial mixture solvents of methanol and water, and the fractional extractions were utilized for determining insulin action and secretion, and $\alpha$-glucoamylase suppressing activity, A significant insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, giving 0.5 or $5{\mu}g/mL$ of $40\%\;and\;60\%$ methanol fractions plus 0.2 nM insulin, compared to the treatment of DMSO plus 0.2 nM insulin. The treatments of $40\%\;and\;60\%$ methanol fractions plus 0.2 nM insulin reached the glucose uptake of 10 nM insulin treatment. The $40\%$ methanol fraction increased triglyceride accumulation by stimulating differentiation and triglyceride synthesis similar to pioglitazone, PPAR-$\gamma$ agonist. No inhibition of $\alpha$-glucoamylase activity of CC fractions was observed. They did not modulate the insulin secretion capacity In either low or high glucose media. These results suggest that $40\%$ methanol fraction contains a potential insulin sensitizer to have a similar function of PPAR-$\gamma$ agonist. Crude CC extract may improve glucose utilization by enhancing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake without elevating glucose stimulated insulin secretion.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 2006

Many plant extracts are known to have antioxidative effects. However, their activities can be reduced or disappeared during mass production process. The purpose of this study is to compare antioxidative effects of edible plant extracts distributed in Korea. forty three kinds of edible plant extracts commercially available in Korea were selected and investigated for their total phenolics contents and antioxidative potentials(DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities). In contents of total phenolics, the commercial plant extracts from Artemisia annua(whole plant), Ilex paraguariensis(leaf, Silybum marianum(fruit and leaf, Ulmus pumila(bark), Coliolus versicolor(fruit), and Curcuma longa(root and stem) contained over 70 mg/g of powder, DPPH radical scavenging activities($SC_{50}$, 50% scavenging concentration) of A. annua, I. paraguariensis, Pinus densiflora(leaf),S. marianum, U. pumila, and C. longa were $53.96{\pm}0.81\;ppm,\;24.61{\pm}2.12\;ppm,\;35.96{\pm}1.11\;ppm,\;57.46{\pm}2.13\;ppm,\;55.25{\pm}1.65\;ppm\;and\;12.99{\pm}1.67ppm$, respectively, while that of positive control(vitamin C) was $3.86{\pm}0.81\;ppm$. $SC_{50}$ values against superoxide anion radical of A. annua, Cinnamomum zeylanicum(bark), I. paraguariensis, Rubus coreanus(fruit and leaf), Morus alba(leaf), P. densiflora, S. marianum, U. pumila, C. versicolor, C. longa, Perilla frutescens var. acuta(leaf), and H. sabdariffa(leaf and newer) were $53.21{\pm}1.83ppm,\;50.12{\pm}2.12ppm,\;5.59{\pm}0.84ppm,\;41.60{\pm}8.93ppm,\;20.19{\pm}0.97ppm,\;15.19{\pm}1.66ppm,\;21.20{\pm}1.88ppm,\;15.71{\pm}0.91ppm,\;55.48{\pm}2.42ppm,\;52.12{\pm}2.44ppm,\;23.80{\pm}1.98ppm\;and\;11.14{\pm}0.51ppm$, respectively($SC_{50}$ value of vitamin C: $9.61{\pm}0.93ppm$). In particular, both 1 paraguariensis and P. densiflora had high content of phenolics as well as high scavenging activities of DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical. Consequently, above two commercial extracts may be useful as a source of antioxidative nutraceutics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.5
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• pp.618-629
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate ecological niche of Quercus acuta communities in Bogildo-island from July to October, 1998. This island is occupied by a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. The study on community ecology of Q. acuta, mostly dominant species of subtropical forests, is very important for successful forest management. Sampling areas were selected in 16 quadrats, dominated by Q. acuta to examine the vegetation characteristics(plant identification, D.B.H.) and environmental elements (microtopography, altitude, slope degree, aspect, illumination and soil physicochemical properties). On the basis of data from field surveys, importance values were calculated for the dominance of Q. acuta and volume growth was analyzed by tree ring widths. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The lists of vascular plants in the investigations were identified as 54 families, 91 genera, 113 species, 9 varieties, 1 formae. It appeared that 45 kinds were evergreen, 6 kinds(Camellia japonica, Ligustrum japonicum, Eurya japonica, Smilax china, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium, Carex lanceolata) were commonly observed in all plots and 5 species(Cinnamomum japonicum, Ardisia japonica, Cymbidium goeringii, Dryopteris bissetiana, Viburnum erosum) were most highly observed in all plots(over 80%). 2. The dominating species per strata were, Quercus acuta, Castanopsis cuspidata sp. Quercus salicina, Pinus thunbergii, Prunus sargentii in tree layer, Camellia Japonica, Ligustrum japonicum, Quercus acuta, Eurya japonica, Castanopsis cuspidata sp. in subtree layer, Camellia japonica, Ligustrum japonicum, Smilax china, Cinnamomum japonicum, Viburnum erosum in shrub layer and Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium, Ardisia japonica, Carex lanceolata, Camellia japonica(seedlings), Quercus acuta(seedlings) in herb layer, all in descending orders. 3. Quercus acuta could be suggested as shade intolerant tree, considering the distribution in southern, western, nothern and eastern slopes in the descending orders. 4. Mean relative illumination in the forest is 0.89 % and it is relatively low in brightness. 5. Sustainment of Quercus acuta community couldn't be confirmed by judging from their reverse J curve in even-aged forest, as shown in D.B.H. distribution analysis. 6. The result of annual ring width analysis(mean ; 2.44 mm) showed three stages, such as a gentle increasing(1~12 year ; 2.04 mm), a relatively steep increasing(13~22 year ; 2.95 mm) and decreasing or stagnating(23 year after ; 2.41 mm).