• Journal of Species Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.241-257
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• 2017

After the first record of a Korean ciliate in 1931, more than 130 papers have been published describing Korean ciliates. Of these records, the years 1997, 2012, and 2016 include milestone publications in Korea. Even though the publications provide summarized data about Korean ciliates with relevant literature citations, these publications included two nomenclatural errors, two misspellings, and one misidentification; nine species were transferred to other genera. Furthermore, the type specimens deposited in the laboratory of Prof. Joong Ki Choi (Inha University, Korea) were transferred to the National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK) because of his retirement. Here, we provide an updated list of 331 Korean species described by 2016 and present information about the type specimens. We also and address the aforementioned problems with bringing together scattered data related to ciliate lists.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.113-115
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• 2019

In this study, we present new records to Korea for three ciliate species[Apogonostomum pantanalense Foissner, 2016; Keronopsis polychaeta (Borror, 1966) Jankowski, 1979; Frontonia canadensis Roque and Puytorac, 1972] collected from marine (F. canadensis) and moss-covered soil(A. pantanalense and K. polychaeta) habitats. We examined the morphology of these three ciliates based on live observations and protargol impregnation. The main characters of the three ciliates are as follows: A. pantanalense: cell size approximately $130{\times}45{\mu}m$, tail-like posterior end, and 6 or 7 ventral cirral pairs elongated to transverse cirri; K. polychaeta: size approximately $140{\times}90{\mu}m$ and approximately 18 frontal coronal cirri and 5 transverse cirri; F. canadensis: cell size approximately $100{\times}50{\mu}m$ and approximately 88 somatic kineties, 3 or 4 vestibular kineties, and 5 postoral kineties.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

During a field survey of Korean marine ciliates, we collected three ciliate species from the eastern coastal waters of the Yellow Sea. Based on the observation of living and protargol and wet silver nitrate stained cells, the ciliates, belonging to the classes Spirotrichea and Oligohymenophorea, were identified as Cardiostomatella vermiformis (Kahl, 1928) Corliss, 1960, Parallelostrombidium paraellipticum Song et al., 2018, and Pleuronema paucisaetosum Pan et al., 2015. Both Parallelostrombidium paraellipticum and Pleuronema paucisaetosum were described only from their type localities, i.e., brackish water, suggesting that they tolerate a broad range of salinity, while Cardiostomatella is marine ciliate and seems to be cosmopolitan. These three species were reported for the first time in Korea. Brief descriptions, remarks to justify their identity and to compare the present isolates with similar taxa, and photomicrographs were provided for the three species.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.458-466
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• 1995

To clarify the role of protozooplankton in the microbial food web of Inchon coastal ecosystem, the grazing capacities and growth rates of heterotrophic flagellated (HFL) and ciliates were investigated. We measured the growth rates of bacteria, HFL, autotrophic flagellated (AFL) and ciliates using reverse flow (RF) filter set and obtained the clearance rates and ingestion rates of HFL and dilates by fluorescent labelled bacteria (FLB) method and isolation culture method from natural seawater of Inchon coastal area. The standing crops of bacteria, HFL, AFL and ciliates in this study area were 0.7∼1.5${\times}$10/SUP 6/ cells$.$ml/SUP -1/ 1,680∼2,180 cells$.$ml/SUP -1/, 1,090∼2,180 cells$.$ml, and 3,600∼5,700 cells$.$l/SUP -1/, respectively. The mean growth rates of bacteria, HFL, AFL and ciliates were 0.039 h/SUP -1/, 0.032∼0.033h/SUP -1/, 0.015∼ 0.025h/SUP -1/and 0.021h/SUP -1/, respectively. The growth rates of protozooplankton of Inchon coastal waters were relatively low. Mean grazing rate of HFL, AFL and ciliates were0.039 h/SUP -1/, 0.032∼0.033h/SUP -1/,0.015∼ 0.025h/SUP -1/and 0.021h/SUP -1/, respectively. The growth rates of protozooplankton of Inchon coastal waters were relatively low. Mean grazing rate of HFL on bacteria was 0.055h/SUP -1/. Mean grazing rates of ciliates on HFL was relatively high of 0.057 h/SUP -1/, while the grazing rate of ciliates on AFL was low of 0.019h/SUP -1/. The clearance rates and ingestion rates of HFL on bacteria were 3.6∼61.8nl$.$HFL$.$h/SUP -1/ and 6∼52 BAC. HFL$.$h/SUP -1/ respectively. FLB grazing experiment showed low values, while natural bacteria experiment showed high value meaning high grazing pressure on total bacteria. The clearance rates and ingestion rates of Tintinnopsis sp., dominant ciliates in Inchon coastal waters, were 3.2∼4.6 ul$.$CIL/SUP -1/$.$h/SUP -1/ and 5∼6 cells$.$CIL/SUP -1/$.$h/SUP -1/ respectively, showing higher values in the high tide than low tide. The ingestion rates of ciliates implies that ciliate took up 17∼20% of total nanoflagellates of Inchon coastal waters.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.426-435
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• 1995

In order to assess the significance of ciliate grazing on bacterial population in carbon flow of the estuarine pelagic ecosystem of the Mankyung and Dongjin river (MD estuary), abundance and biomass of ciliates and grazing rate on bacteria of small (<40 um) ciliates were measured. Saplings were carried out four times from October 1993 to March 1995 in the estuarine system. Ciliates smaller than 40 um occupied more than 49.5% of total ciliates abundance. Clearance rate of small ciliates ranged from 18.0 to 16.3 nl cell/SUP -1/ h/SUP -1/. As bacterial abundance increased, ciliate's clearance rate decreased, suggesting that bacterial abundance effects on ciliate's grazing rate. Ciliate grazing rate was equal to 0.1 to 12.2% of bacterial productivity, and the ratio of ciliate ingestion over bacterial production increased exponentially with the increase of bacterial abundance (r$^2$=0.62, p$\leq$0.001). It seems that the effect of ciliate grazing on bacteria would be small in coastal waters and large in more eutrophic waters of high bacterial abundance. Carbon supplied by ciliate grazing on bacteria was avg. 3.1% of carbon amount required for the ciliate maximum productivity. Thus, the ecological role of ciliate in microbial loop was probably more important as a final consumer than as a direct consumer of bacteria.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.514-516
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• 2016

Three marine and one brackish-water ciliates (Dysteria crassipes $Clapar\grave{e}de$ and Lachmann, 1859; Gruberia calkinsi $Beltr\acute{a}n$, 1933; Pleuronema salmastra Dragesco, 1986; Zosterodasys agamaliev Deroux, 1978) were isolated from Incheon in Korea and their morphologies were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.468-476
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• 2016

We firstly report three stichotrichs, Metaurostylopsis cheni Chen, Huang & Song, 2010, Gonostomum strenuum (Engelmann, 1862) Sterki, 1878, and Lamtostyla granulifera Foissner, 1997, collected in South Korea. We investigated these ciliates based on observations of live and protargol-impregnated specimens.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.6 no.spc
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• pp.110-113
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• 2017

We collected three soil ciliates, Colpoda maupasi Enriquez, 1908, Tillina minima Alekperov, 1985, and Gonostomum singhii Kamra et al., 2008, in Korea. The two genera, Colpoda and Tillina, belong to the class Colpodea, and the other, Gonostomum belongs to the class Spirotrichea. We describe these species based on observations of live and protargol-impregnated specimens.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1092-1100
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• 2010

Bacteria, fungi, and protozoa inhabiting the rumen, the largest chamber of the ruminants' stomach, release large quantities of hydrogen during the fermentation of carbohydrates. The hydrogen is used by coexisting methanogens to produce methane in energy-yielding processes. This work shows, for the first time, a fundamental possibility of using a hydrogen-rich fermentation gas produced by selected rumen ciliates to feed a low-temperature hydrogen fuel cell. A biohydrogen fuel cell (BHFC) was constructed consisting of (i) a bioreactor, in which a hydrogen-rich gas was produced from glucose by rumen ciliates, mainly of the Isotrichidae family, deprived of intra- and extracellular bacteria, methanogens, and fungi; and (ii) a chemical fuel cell of the polymer-electrolyte type (PEFC). The fuel cell was used as a tester of the technical applicability of the fermentation gas produced by the rumen ciliates for power generation. The average estimated hydrogen yield was ca. 1.15 mol $H_2$ per mole of fermented glucose. The BHFC performance was equal to the performance of the PEFC running on pure hydrogen. No fuel cell poisoning effects were detected. A maximum power density of $1.66\;kW/m^2$ (PEFC geometric area) was obtained at room temperature. The maximum volumetric power density was $128\;W/m^3$ but the coulombic efficiency was only ca. 3.8%. The configuration of the bioreactor limited the continuous operation time of this BHFC to ca. 14 h.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.6 no.spc
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• pp.172-176
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• 2017

In this list-format paper, we present unrecorded species of Korean ciliates (phylum Ciliophora). All species were selected from the final reports of the project: "Discovery of Korean Indigenous Species". This project has been carried out to discover and record various Korean indigenous species since 2006 and is funded by the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR). Among the various species, ciliates were a major taxon that was highlighted in this project as a speciose group categorized under Protozoa. This paper contains reports of 38 ciliates (8 classes, 16 orders, 23 families, and 34 genera) observed in Korea during the initial five years of the project (2006-2010).