• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.149-160
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• 2020

Background: Basiliximab is used as an alternative to tacrolimus in patients with decreased renal function. However, studies on basiliximab as a maintenance immunosuppressant, particularly in patients with lung transplantation, are limited. Therefore, here, we investigated the efficacy and safety of basiliximab in patients with lung transplantation. Methods: Adult patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) who received lung transplantation at a single general hospital between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2018, were selected and classified in tacrolimus and basiliximab groups. Both groups received a triple-drug regimen (tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids). However, tacrolimus was discontinued in the basiliximab group when AKI occurred, and two or more repeat basiliximab doses were administered within 3 months after transplantation. The electronic medical records were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Of the 85 patients who met the selection criteria, 61 and 24 were assigned to the tacrolimus and basiliximab groups, respectively. Significant improvement in renal function was observed in the basiliximab group (p <0.001). However, there were no differences in acute and chronic rejection rates in both the groups. No difference was observed in the incidence rate of complications between the groups, except for chronic kidney disease, which showed higher incidence in the basiliximab group (25.0% vs. 4.9%; p =0.013). Conclusions: We suggest the use of basiliximab as an immunosuppressant alternative to tacrolimus in patients with acute renal failure after lung transplantation. Basiliximab demonstrated effectiveness as an immunosuppressant and improved renal function. Therefore, basiliximab can be used in patients with decreased renal function.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.94-99
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• 2010

Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is a secondary form of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) manifesting as proteinuria and progressive renal dysfunction that results from maladaptive glomerular response to increasing adiposity. Reports of ORG progressing to end stage renal diseases in rare in the pediatric population. We report a 9-year-old boy with obesity (body mass index $35\;kg/m^2$) who was diagnosed with ORG presenting with proteinuria. He was diagnosed with obesity-related glomerulopathy based on the laboratory, urinary, and kidney biopsy finding. In spite of treatment with angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and/or, angiotensin-receptor blocking agent, the degree or amount of proteinuria increased and renal function declined continuously. His BMI did not decrease and eventually progressed to chronic renal failure. Consequently, obese patients should be monitored for proteinuria, which may be the first manifestation of FSGS, a lesion that may be associated with serious renal sequelae.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 1997

Oligomeganephronia is a rare congenital form of bilateral renal hypoplasia histologically characterized by reduction in number and hypertrophy of nephrons. Clinically, this condition is presented in early infancy with vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia and dehydration. The problems are readily corrected, but slowly progressive renal failure follows accompanied by failure to thrive, short stature, and renal osteodystrophy. We experienced three cases of oligomeganephronia. Case 1. : A 3 2/12 years old female child was incidentally diagnosed as renal failure at age of 2 months when she was hospitalized due to pneumonia. She had open renal biopsy and was diagnosed as bilateral dysplastic kidney. On OPD follow-up, she progressed to end-stage renal failure (BUN/Cr 114/4.6 mg/dl) and had renal transplantation. The specimen was shrunk remarkably and light microscopy showed oligomeganephronia. Case 2. : A 14 8/12 years old female child with proteinuria was detected in an annual urine screening program for school children, she was diagnosed as renal failure (BUN/Cr 33.9/4.1 mg/dl), and had $5{\times}4{\times}3\;cm$ sized mass on abdominal CT scan. She had renal biopsy, and the specimen showed oligomeganephronia. She had hemodialysis for six months, and renal transplantation along with bilateral nephrectomy was performed. Case 3. : A 14 8/12 years old male child was diagnosed having chronic nephritis and chronic renal failure at 3 years old, progressed to end-stage renal failure (BUN/Cr 87/9.6 mg/dl) on OPD follow-up, and had a rephrectomy and renal transplantation. The biopsy specimen showed oligomeganephronic hypoplasia, secondary focal segmental glomerolosclerosis, and chronic interstitial nephritis. We report 3 cases of oligomeganephronia that progressed to end-stage renal failure and had successful renal transplantation with a brief review of related literatures.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 2007

Although juvenile nephronophthisis(NPHP) is one of the most frequent genetic causes of chronic renal failure, it has very rarely been reported in Korean children. Most NPHP patients are found to have chronic renal failure, since there are no distinct clinical symptoms for NPHP except polydipsia, polyuria and enuresis in the early stage of disease. Ten percent of NPHP patients manifest retinitis pigmentosa, called $Senior-L\ddot{o}ken$ syndrome. We experienced 2 cases of $Senior-L\ddot{o}ken$ syndrome that occurred in siblings(a 10 year-old boy and a 14-year-old girl) who were diagnosed with Leber's amaurosis. They were found to have severe renal impairment without polydipsia and polyuria. However, no large homogenous deletion of the NPHPI(2q13) gene was not identified in these patients. We report here on these cases and we review the literature to emphasize the association between Leber's amaurosis and the development of chronic renal failure.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.709-718
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• 2005

Purpose: The research aims to understand the lived experience of the caregivers of chronic renal failure(CRF) patients and its essential meaning. The results of the study can be used as basic materials for developing comprehensive intervention methods of care givers of CRF patients. Method: The research used van Manen's hermeneutic and phenomenological research methods in order to describe the lived experience and to understand its meaning. It concentrates on the understanding the essence of experience and consists of existential survey, hermeneutic and phenomenological reflection and hermeneutic writings. Participants in this research were five women care givers of CRF patients who had hemolysis at C university hospital in a metropolitan city, the period of data collection was from July 27 to Sep. 4, 2004 and major data of results in the following 5 essential themes. "sole responsibility for the patient enduring everything", "creating their own field", "heavy and painful life without hope of their private life", "wishing not to be inherited and consoling each other". Conclusion: The above findings point out that the experience of care givers of CRF patient affected and changed all parts of an individual life and his or her family life. Therefore, it suggests that total family nursing care must be considered in order to provide the holistic caring for CRF patients and their care givers.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.90-94
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• 1998

Hinman syndrome is a condition representing urinary voiding dysfunction in the neurologically intact child. The syndrome is probably caused by acquired behavioral and psychosocial disorders manifested by bladder and/or bowel dysfunction mimicking neurologic disease. Clinically, the symptom complex may include day and night time enuresis, encopresis, constipation, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Cystoscopy frequently demonstrates normal vesicourethral anatomy. Voiding films usually demonstarate a carrot-shaped proximal urethra with a persistent narrowing at the external sphincter. The bladder is large and often appears trabeculated with a thickened wall and significant postvoid residual. A 13-year-old male child was admitted due to fever, urinary tract infection, enuresis and flank pain. His neurologic examination was normal. Renal sonograms showed moderate hydronephrosis. Voiding cystourethrograms showed a huge, trabeculated bladder without vesicourethral reflux and urethral valves. No abnormal findings was found in spinal MRI.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4_2
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• pp.1046-1054
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• 2003

Renal Failure is called a disorder of kidney excretion induced by glomerulus filtration rate(GFR) decrease. GFR is measured by Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN) and Cretinine in blood. This study is about Oriental diagnosis and treatment of Chronic renal failure(CRF) patients. We treated five cases which were diagnosed as CRF by using methods used in oriental medicine, the application of Youkmijihwang-tang(六味地黃湯加減). In most such cases, we concluded that the results turns better as the symptoms like fatigue and digestive disorder decreases and the decrease of BUN and Creatinine in blood as well.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.213-221
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• 2020

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common disease with a complex pathophysiology which significantly contributes to the development of chronic kidney disease and end stage kidney failure. Preventing AKI can consequently reduce mortality, morbidity, and healthcare burden. However, there are no effective drugs in use for either prevention or treatment of AKI. Developing therapeutic agents with pleiotropic effects covering multiple pathophysiological pathways are likely to be more effective in attenuating AKI. Fyn, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, has been acknowledged to integrate multiple injurious stimuli in the kidney. Limited studies have shown increased Fyn transcription level and activation under experimental AKI. Activated Fyn kinase propagates various downstream signaling pathways associated to the progression of AKI, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as autophagy dysfunction. The versatility of Fyn kinase in mediating various pathophysiological pathways suggests that its inhibition can be a potential strategy in attenuating AKI.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2000

Objectives : It is well known that vegetables and fruits contain minerals, including potassium, sodium and phosphorus etc. Though most oriental herbal medications are made of natural plants, western scientists suppose that they also contain certain amounts of minerals and so are injurious to kidney disease such as chronic renal disease. However, by the reason of the limitation of western medical treatment on kidney disease, many patients depend on oriental medical treatment, which includes taking oriental herbal medicine. So, in order to find out the mineral contents in oriental herbal medicine, and to establish the oriental herbal medication's safety in kidney disease, studies were performed. Methods : In this study, we analyzed 42 oriental herbs commonly used in kidney disease by the Inductively Coupled Plasma(ICP) method. Results : 1. The potassium and sodium contents of oriental herbs were 3-10 times as much as of food. 2. The mineral contents of a daily dose of oriental herbal medicine satisfied the restriction of dietary mineral in CRF, though the amount of mineral intakes by food was considered. Conclusions : The mineral contents of oriental herbal medicine are less than the limits of mineral restriction in renal failure. The yielded results, we carefully suggest that oriental herbal medicine does not induce accumulation of minerals or damage in kidney disease patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.296-301
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• 2013

Objective : We conducted a retrospective study examining the outcomes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to identify parameters associated with prognosis. Methods : From January 2001 to June 2008, we treated 32 ICH patients (21 men, 11 women; mean age, 62 years) with CKD. We surveyed patients age, sex, underlying disease, neurological status using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), ICH volume, hematoma location, accompanying intraventricular hemorrhage, anti-platelet agents, initial and 3rd day systolic blood pressure (SBP), clinical outcome using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and complications. The severity of renal functions was categorized using a modified glomerular filtration rate (mGFR). Multifactorial effects were identified by regression analysis. Results : The mean GCS score on admission was $9.4{\pm}4.4$ and the mean mRS was $4.3{\pm}1.8$. The overall clinical outcomes showed a significant relationship on initial neurological status, hematoma volume, and mGFR. Also, the outcomes of patients with a severe renal dysfunction were significantly different from those with mild/moderate renal dysfunction (p<0.05). Particularly, initial hematoma volume and sBP on the 3rd day after ICH onset were related with mortality (p<0.05). However, the other factors showed no correlation with clinical outcome. Conclusion : Neurological outcome was based on initial neurological status, renal function and the volume of the hematoma. In addition, hematoma volume and uncontrolled blood pressure were significantly related to mortality. Hence, the severity of renal function, initial neurological status, hematoma volume, and uncontrolled blood pressure emerged as significant prognostic factors in ICH patients with CKD.