• 미생물과산업
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1987

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a very serious threat to public health in most of the developing countries of the world. It is estimated that around 300 million people worldwide are chronic carriers of this virus and will transmit the disease both vertically and horizontally. Infection by this virus may cause a wide range of clinical manifestations ranging from an asymptomatic infection to liver cirrhosis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1722-1728
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• 2008

The natural course of chronic hepatitis B (CH-B) virus infection is reportedly variable, and the long-term outcomes in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B infection are distinct from HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis. However, the molecular virological factors that contribute to the progression of liver disease in the south Indian setting remain largely unclear. We prospectively studied 679 consecutive patients for HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and HBV DNA by qualitative PCR. Randomly selected samples were subjected to bidirectional sequencing to reveal core/precore variants. Of the total 679 chronic HBV cases investigated, 23% (154/679) were replicative HBV carriers. Furthermore, amongst the 560 HBV DNA samples analyzed, 26% (146/560) were viremic. Among the 154 HBeAg positive cases, HBV DNA was positive in 118 cases (77%), significantly (p<0.001) higher than the anti-HBe positive (7%) (28/406) cases. Significant increase in liver disease (p<0.01) with ALT enzyme elevation (p<0.001) was observed in both HBe and anti-HBe viremic cases. Interestingly, low frequencies of mutations were seen in the precore region of the HBV strains studied. HBV precore and core promoter variants were less often detected in subjects with "e" negative chronic HBV infection and, therefore, may not have a prognostic role in determining liver disease sequelae in this part of tropical India.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.776-787
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• 2009

T helper (Th) 17 cells have recently been described as a third subset of T helper cells, and have provided new insights into the mechanisms that are important in the development of autoimmune diseases and the immune responses that are essential for effective antimicrobial host defense. Both protective and harmful effects of Th17 responses during infection have been described. In general, Th17 responses are critical for mucosal and epithelial host defense against extracellular bacteria and fungi. However, recent studies have reported that Th17 responses can also contribute to viral persistence and chronic inflammation associated with parasitic infection. It has become evident that the type of microorganisms and the setting in which they trigger the Th17 response determines the outcome of the delicate balancethat exists between Th17 induced protection and immunopathogenesis.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2003

To determine the clinical usefulness of Immuno Blot test, 160 samples from the patients with chronic HCV infection were analyzed. And serotyping and line probe assay were performed to evaluate the distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Korean isolates. In this group, as a result of genotyping type 1 band 2a, the serotype I and II were the most common source of HCV infection. There were no significant difference in response to the alpha-interferon HCV infection treatment with the subtype 1 b or 2a. And the serotypes of NS4 peptides were compared with the genotypes to evaluate their clinical usefulness. Among 49 cases studied for genotypes and serotype, genotype 1 b, 1 b/2b, 2a, 2a/2c and 2b were 51.0％, 2.0％, 34.6％, 8.1％ and 4.0％, respectively. The serotypes I and II were 57.1％ and 42.8％, respectively; they were matched with genotypes in 85.7％ and seemed to be easy to perform. To monitor their performing progress or treatment response, serotype test was made before the genotype test. The Result showed that there was no significant difference in response to the alpha-interferon HCV infection treatment with the subtype 1 b or 2a in Korea.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) knowledge, anxiety, and psychosocial well-being on the infection prevention behavior of college students in health care. Methods: This study is a descriptive survey research. A total of 301 college students at four health care departments in three regions were surveyed using a structured questionnaire from February 10 to February 16, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analyses were done using SPSS ver. 18.0. Results: Knowledge on COVID-19 was significantly dependent on a family history of chronic disease (p=.049). Anxiety was significantly dependent on test of COVID-19 (p=.040). Gender (p=.049), perceived physical and mental health status (p=.000), and chronic disease (p=.000) had significant effects on infection prevention behavior. When the level of anxiety was higher, the infection prevention behavior was also higher (p=.000) and the psychosocial well-being was improved (p=.017). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that anxiety significantly improved the infection prevention behavior (𝛽=.396, p<.001) and psychosocial well-being (𝛽=-.139, p=.008), which accounts for 18.5% (F=22.444, p<.001) of the variance. Conclusion: In order to prevent infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and its spread, measures to prevent infection and improve the psychosocial well-being should also be sought.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2014

Maxillary sinus infection following Le Fort I osteotomy is rare in patients without a history of preexisting nasal symptoms. A case of a 19-year-old male patient who suffered from preoperative chronic non-allergic rhinitis and developed repetitive postoperative maxillary sinus infection after Le Fort I osteotomy is reported.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2015

Purpose: This study investigated the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with $p22^{phox}$-deficient chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) on Jeju Island and retrospectively evaluated the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) prophylaxis. Methods: The medical records of 15 patients with CGD were retrospectively reviewed. The efficacy of IFN-${\gamma}$ prophylaxis was evaluated by comparing the frequency of severe infections before and after starting continuous prophylaxis with IFN-${\gamma}$. Results: At the time of the analysis, 14 patients were alive, with a median age of 14.3 years. The diagnosis of CGD was made at a median age of 2.4 years, and the median age at onset of severe infection was 0.3 years. Thirteen of the 15 patients had their first severe infection within the first year of life. The overall incidence of severe infection was 1.36 infections per patient-year; pneumonia, suppurative lymphadenitis, and skin and subcutaneous abscesses were the most common infections. Aspergillus species were the most frequently isolated microorganisms, present in 15.8% of isolates. IFN-${\gamma}$ did not significantly change the rate of severe infection. The survival rate for patients after 2 years of age was 93%; there was a prolonged survival plateau beyond the age of 2. Conclusion: Compared with cases of X-linked CGD reported in other studies, patients with CGD on Jeju Island did not show obviously different clinical manifestations, but they had a significantly higher survival rate. Further studies with a substantially longer period of observation, and with more patients under intensive surveillance are necessary to elucidate the prophylactic efficiency of IFN-${\gamma}$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9905-9908
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• 2014

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common chronic infectious agent in the stomach. Most importantly, it may lead to atrophy, metaplasia and cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of H. pylori infection and to detect early mucosal changes that may lead to malignant degeneration in children. Materials and Methods: Children who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were included. Familial history of gastric cancer was noted. Endoscopic examinations were performed by a single pediatric gastroenterologist. A minimum of three biopsy samples were collected during endoscopy. The patients were accepted as H. pylori infected if results of biopsies and rapid urease test were both positive. Biopsies were evaluated for the presence and degree of chronic inflammation, the activity and severity of gastritis, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Results: A total of 750 children (388 boys, 362 girls) were evaluated in our study, with a mean age of 10.1 years. A total of 390 patients (52%) were found to be infected with H. pylori. Among the H. pylori infected patients, 289 (74%) were diagnosed to have chronic superficial gastritis, 24 (6.2%) had gastric atrophy. Most strikingly, intestinal metaplasia was observed in 11 children, all were in the H. pylori positive group. There was no difference in the mean of age, gender and socioeconomic class between H. pylori infected and non-infected groups. The frequency of gastric cancer in family members (4 in number) was higher in patients with H. pylori infection. No gastric cancer case was reported from the parents of non-infected children. The worst biopsy parameters (atropy and metaplasia) were improved after H. pylori eradication on control endoscopy. Conclusions: The current study shows a higher prevalence of familial history of gastric cancer in H. pylori infected children. Intestinal metaplasia was also higher in the infected children. Eradication of H. pylori infection for this risk group may prevent subsequent development of gastric cancer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.108-111
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• 2013

Burr hole drainage has been widely used to treat chronic subdural hematomas (SDH), and most of them are easily treated by simple trephination and drainage. However, various complications, such as, hematoma recurrence, infection, seizure, cerebral edema, tension pneumocephalus and failure of the brain to expand due to cerebro-cranial disproportion may develop after chronic SDH drainage. Among them, intracerebral hemorrhage after evacuation of a recurrent chronic SDH is very rare. Here, we report a fatal case of delayed intracerebral hemorrhage caused by coagulopathy following evacuation of a chronic SDH. Possible pathogenic mechanisms of this unfavorable complication are discussed and a review of pertinent literature is included.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.143-145
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• 2002

A 49-year-old male patient with a carcinoma of the right pyriform sinus had a whole-body bone scan and gamma camera based F-18 FDG-PET for staging. Tc-99m MDP bone scan depicted diffuse increased uptake in the left femur due to chronic osteomyelitis but no skeletal metastasis. F-18-FDG-PET revealed increased focal bone uptake and uptake in the draining sinus due to chronic osteomyelitis in addition to visualization of the right pyriform sinus carcinoma and right neck nodal uptake. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography is significantly more accurate than the bone scan in pinpointing chronic osteomyelitis focus and draining soft tissue infection.