• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.123-139
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to search how to promote health and improve nutrition and health care of the elderly people in rural area. Behaviors for health promotion and habits against health risk were surveyed. Dietary management was analyzed for surveyed nutrient intake by 24 hr -recall method. 242 subjects were collected in 12 cities or counties in Gyeonggi Province and 20 elderly people (10 male and 10 female) were selected out of 1 village in each district. Questionnaire for health behavior and dietary management was carried out by trained interviewers. Statistical analyses were made by SAS (version 8.1) and Chi-square tests and General Linear Models were used. Characteristics of the elderly people were 61-74 year-olds (68.2%), elementary school educated (78.4%), with spouse (51.7%), monthly living cost of 500-1,000 thousand won(43.4%), and monthly pocket money of 50-100 or 100-200 thousand won(33.5%, 26.5%). 41.4% of the subjects checked up medical examination regularly. The alcohol drinking status was significantly different according to gender: high no-drink rate of female (52.5%) and low no-drink rate of male (25.6%). Kinds of disease were different according to gender: higher proportion of cardiovascular disease(46.3%) and diabetes mellitus(8.1 %) in male and joint lumbago neuralgia(44.4%) and osteoporosis(8.6%) in female. Gastrointestinal complaints were nausea (69.0%) and chronic indigestion (17.8%). Constipation (12.0%) and vomiting (4.3%) were more frequent in female. Dietary management was good (3 meals per day: 93.4%., dining with family: 72.4%, regular mealtime: 72.4%, and 3-4 times of snacks per week: 44.9%) except side dish taking of 3-4 kinds only. However, almost one-third of the female elderly ate alone (30.6%) which was well compared with one-fifth of the male (19.7%). And food and nutrients intake were not significantly different according to gender except that male elderly's intake of energy and protein was lower than that of female's. The surveyed subjects had no difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), but some female elderly had some difficulties with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) like working at home, using transport, and going shopping. These results suggest that low quality of life linked with low economic status of the rural elderly and that congregate meal at village hall would be required for the female elderly eating alone. For the undernourished male elderly, it would be needed to provide snacks and to establish nutrition and health surveillance system.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.4 s.59
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• pp.708-718
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• 1997

The author surveyed overall obesity indicies and factors concerned with obesity such as dietary intake, physical activity, stress and life style with the subject of doctors. The number of subjects was total 508 with 396 men and 112 women. They were subgrouped into surgical part, medical part and service and basic part by speciality. And also subgrouped into intern and resident, pay doctor, and practitioner by working type. The results were as follows. 1) Obesity indices: BMI of total doctor was $23.1{\pm}2.8$, and WHR was $0.87{\pm}0.08$ and overweight prevalence(BMI>25.0) was 23.6%. It was within normal limit but slightly over the Korean standard. The degree of obesity indices of subgroups by speciality was 'surgical part > medical part > service and basic part', and by working type was 'practitioner > pay doctor > intern and resident'. 2) Dietary intake and Physical activity: Average dietary intake was $2148{\pm}451kcal/day$. The degree of dietary intake by speciality was 'surgical part > medical part > service and basic part'. By working type it was 'practitioner > pay doctor > intern and resident'. Average physical activity was $29{\pm}5$ METs/day. The degree of physical activity also showed similiar pattern. But there was no significant difference among each groups. 3) Comparision between over-weight and non-over-weight group: The items that showed significant difference between two groups were dietary intake, skip breakfast, regular exercise, smoking, heavy drinking, chronic disease etc.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.388-396
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• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the differences in employment status and self assessed health in Korea. Methods: We analyzed 4 year follow-up data generated by the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS), which was conducted on 1,207 men and 582 women who had undergone a change in employment status. The study subjects were placed into 1 of the following 4 groups based on their employment history; Non-precarious workers, Precarious to non-precarious workers, Non-precarious to precarious workers and Precarious workers. Logistic regression was then used to examine the relationship between the changes in employment status and self assessed health. Results: When males were considered, self assessed health was better among the precarious to non-precarious workers (OR 1.58, 95% CI=1.57-1.60) and the precarious workers (OR 1.29, 95% CI=1.28-1.30) than in the non-precarious workers, after adjusting for age, socioeconomic status (education level, occupational class, marital status, average equivalent household income and average number of hours worked per week), health behavior (smoking, drinking and exercise) and medical service access (regular medical examination, have chronic disease or hospitalized within 1 year). When female workers were considered, the precarious to non-precarious workers (OR 1.89, 95% CI=1.86-1.92), non-precarious to precarious workers(OR 1.24, 95% CI=1.23-1.26) and precarious workers (OR 1.27, 95% CI=1.25-1.28) all reported poorer health than the non-precarious workers after adjusting for the aforementioned factors. Conclusions: This study showed that changes in employment status were associated with differences in self assessed health among men and women. Specifically, the results of this study showed that a corresponding positive outcome based on self assessed health was greater for employees that changed from precarious to non-precarious jobs and for male employees with precarious jobs., whereas female employees with non-precarious jobs had higher self assessed health. However, additional longitudinal studies on the health effects of employment status should be conducted.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.150-164
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• 2009

1. Objectives This study was to designed investigate the relationship between hypertension and its risk factors and the prevalence of hypertension according to Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods Five hundred and twenty six people were subjects out of 666 people, over 40 years old, who participated in the community-based cohort in Wonju, South Korea from July 2nd to August 30th in 2006. Hypertensive group was 263 peoples and normal group was 263 people, selected randomly among non hypertensive people who had same age and sex with hypertensive groups. Sasang Constitutional Diagnosis was carried out using PSSC(Phonetic System of Sasang Constitution), face and tongue photos and a checkup list. Risk factors from blood samples, physical measurements and social indices were analyzed using SPSS. 3. Results The prevalence of hypertension in Taeeumin was 63.1%(N=166), that of Soeumin was 22.4%(N=59) and that of Soyangin was 14.4%(N= 38). Considering risk factors of hypertension, there weren't any differences between two groups in social support indices and Framingham type A score. But scores of Soeumin's and Soyangin's were significantly high compared with that of Taeeumin in female normal group. There were significantly high results in Adiponectin of Soeumin's and HDL-cholesterol of female Soyangin's and HOMA-IR of Taeeumin's than any other groups. Crude OR of Taeeumin was 2.18 as compared with that of Soeumin in terms of risk of hypertension, and OR of Taeeumin was 2.02 as compared with that of Soeumin after drinking, smoking, total cholesterol, fasting blood sugar and HOMA-IR were adjusted. But after BMI was adjusted there wasn't a significance between Soeumin and Taeeumin and the OR of more than 25 was 2.42 as compared with that of less than 23 in BMI. 4. Conclusions Sasang Constitution is thought to be the reasonable variable to control hypertension in terms of prevention, treatment and regimen. And constitution is needed as a good variable to make a cohort study concerning chronic diseases, especially hypertension.

• 한국보건간호학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.224-227
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• 2002

Alcoholism affects not only the individuals who depend on it, but also their families. Children who have an alcohol dependent parent have various problems and need help, but little attention has been given to them. Many references report only negative characteristics of these children. In order to help the children of alcohol dependent parents, health professionals need more information. A wholistic understanding and analysis of these children is needed as a basis for the development of suitable programs of help them. A phenomenological methodology was used to identify the experience of children whose fathers were addicted to alcohol. The findings portray the essence of the lived experience of children of alcohol dependent fathers. Nine adolescents participated in in-depth inverviews and observation with the researcher, done between October and December 2001. The data were recorded on audio tape and transcribed. Sampling was continued until the data were theorectically saturated. The Colaizzi's method was used for data analysis. The results of this study are as follows. Three themes and twenty six meanings were identified. The first theme is Living Alone: living abusively as partner to an alcohol dependent father, living dangerously like an explosive fury, living as an object that ha no self, living with rejection of fatherly being, living with felt responsibility but having no power to help mother who suffers patiently with pain and abuse, living along with no shoulder to lean on, and living with the prejudice of sex discrimination. The second theme is Paradoxical Coping in Life. The meanings are obsessive behavior as a way to control father's behavior, always on the defensive due to anxiety and tension, being afraid of life alone due to paranoid thoughts, contradictory expectation about father's drinking behavior due to life with chronic tension, stress becoming familiar and life being boring and tendious without stimulation, life that is fake and filled with misinterpretations about reality, affection sought from others due to loneliness, compensatory life within peer group, negative expectation about the future due to negative experiences, controling others to protect ego, denial of real emotion to protect self from hurt, life of regretting self, and strong need for approval from others. The third theme is sustaining life. The meanings are ambivalence between revenge on father and pity, struggle for desirable self against fear of gather-like image, understanding father through self reflection, hope to find fatherly being through father's recovery, being able to stand through emotional control and cognitive restructuring, nurturing the seed of hope for the future while in a situation of desperation. The contribution of this study is to give a wholistic understanding of the empirical reality of children of alcohol dependent parents and to develop substantive theory in nursing knowledge. In nursing practice, the results of this study can provide a foundation for the development of programs for children of alcohol dependent parents.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.218-226
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• 2011

Objectives: Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used ionic pesticide that is fatal when ingested accidentally or for suicidal purposes. It is thought that chronic exposure of PQ is related with the development of Parkinson's disease, but epidemiological studies have not yet confirmed that theory. This study attempted to estimate the possibility of environmental PQ exposure through soil and water. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the amount of decomposed PQ solution in wet soil after exposure to ultraviolet light. An artificial rainfall condition was simulated over soil sprayed with PQ to measure the amount of eluted PQ. In addition, PQ was diluted in water from three differently rated rivers and the changes in PQ concentration were measured after ultraviolet exposure over one month. High performance liquid chromatography/ultra violet detection was used to analyze the concentrations of PQ. Results: In the method we used, the recovery rate of PQ showed a precision rate less than 5%, an accuracy greater than 88%, and the calibration equation was y=5538.8x-440.01($R^2$=0.9985). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of PQ obtained from the three specimens over a 1-week period. From the PQ-sprayed soil, the artificial rainfall conditions showed no PQ elution over a 1-month period, and there was no significant differences in PQ concentrations according to ultraviolet exposure among the three samples. Conclusions: PQ remains well adsorbed naturally in soil. However, it may still exist in an integrated state for a long time in the hydrosphere, so the possibility of PQ exposure through drinking water cannot be disqualified.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.411-418
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• 2004

Mercury, one of the most diffused and hazardous organ-specific environmental contaminants, exists in a wide variety of physical and chemical states. The murcury with the nature which evaporates easily can cause an acute or chronic mercury poisoning to workers at mercury-handling workplaces. Although many studies indicate that mercury induces a deleterious damage, little has been reported from the investigations of mercury effects at surrounding levels in living things. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of mercury chloride and ionizing radiation. Prepubertal male F344 rats were administered mercury chloride in drinking water throughout the experimental period or were given wholebody irradiation with a dose of 6.5 Gy. The amount changed of body weight during the experimental period showed a 4.9% rise in the mercury-treated group and 14.4% decline in the irradiated group compared with the level of the control group. The results of hematological analysis (red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit) indicated the differential effects of mercury chloride and ionizing radiation. However the concentration of cortisol as assessed by radioimmunoassay increased in both of the groups. Relative expressions of mRNA related to mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis were investigated using semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on gonad and urinary organs of the experimental groups. While the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA exhibited different patterns depending on the organs or the experimental groups, both of the experimental groups showed a conspicuous expressions of Bax mRNA. In conclusion, the target organ of mercury chloride seems to be a urinary organ and the pattern of damage induced by mercury chloride differs from that by ionizing radiation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.765-774
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide informative statistics which can be used for effective Diabetes Management Programs. We collected and analyzed the data of 666 diabetic people who had participated in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2007 and 2008. Group classification on management behavior of Diabetic Mellitus is based on the K-means clustering method. The Decision Tree method and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to study factors of the management behavior of Diabetic Mellitus. Diabetic people were largely classified into three categories: Health Behavior Program Group, Focused Management Program Group, and Complication Test Program Group. First, Health Behavior Program Group means that even though drug therapy and complication test are being well performed, people should still need to improve their health behavior such as exercising regularly and avoid drinking and smoking. Second, Focused Management Program Group means that they show an uncooperative attitude about treatment and complication test and also take a passive action to improve their health behavior. Third, Complication Test Program Group means that they take a positive attitude about treatment and improving their health behavior but they pay no attention to complication test to detect acute and chronic disease early. The main factor for group classification was to prove whether they have hyperlipidemia or not. This varied widely with an individual's gender, income, age, occupation, and self rated health. To improve the rate of diabetic management, specialized diabetic management programs should be applied depending on each group's character.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.682-688
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate whether ascorbic acid can modulate the induction of CYP2E1 and prevent the lipid peroxidation which may cause diabetic chronic complication. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to 5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats(150~170g). Normal and diabetic group was randomly divided into three groups each; Control(CON, no supplementation), SUP1 (50mg/d ascorbate supplementation) and SUP2(250mg/d ascorbate supplementation). Ascobic acid was prepared daily by dissolving in drinking water and supplied for 4 weeks. There was no difference in hepatic microsomal and mitochondrial P450 contents between normal and diabetes. Hepatic microsomal N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) demethylase activity, which repre-sents contents of CYP2E1, was elevated in diabetes, but not significantly. The NDMA demethylase activity of diabetic SUP2 group was significantly lower activity than that of the diabetic CON group. However, no difference in hepatic mitochondrial NDMA demethylase activity was observed between the diabetes and the normal group. The result suggests that the induction of CYP2E1 in diabetes can be alleviated by ascorbic acid supplementation at the dose of 50mg1d. In addition, ascorbic acid supplementation showed dose-dependent reduction of hepatic microsomal TBARS contents in diabetic rats.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.134-144
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• 2019

Metabolic syndrome and allergic rhinitis are two important chronic diseases that affect people all over the world. Metabolic syndrome very often induces other diseases and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is currently increasing. Aging is known to affect the pathogenesis of various diseases such as metabolic syndrome and allergy. This study examined the effects of metabolic syndrome and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis depending on different age groups and several general characteristics. This study was conducted by using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th-1 (2007~2016). The data used for this study was obtained from 51,854 people. In all age groups, our studies have shown that people without metabolic syndrome have a higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis than those people with metabolic syndrome, and the younger age group had the higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis (P<0.05). Overall, the results of this study found a significant effect on the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in each category of age, general characteristics (physical activity, smoking and drinking) and the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome (P<0.05). The evidence found in this study will help to understand the correlation between metabolic syndrome and allergy, and specifically allergic rhinitis.