• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.361-368
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to establish the standard karyotype of Jeju horse by G-, C- and AgNOR-banding patterns. Blood samples were collected from 37 Jeju horses and 24 Thoroughbred that had been raised at the National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture in Jeju. The lymphocytes were cultured in vitro and then chromosomes prepared. The diploid chromosome number of Jeju horse is 64, which consists of 31 pairs of autosomes and X, Y sex chromosomes. The Jeju horse has 13 pairs of metacentric/submetacentric and 18 pairs of acrocentric autosomes. The X chromosome is the fifth largest submetacentric, while the Y chromosome is one of the smallest acrocentric chromosomes. The G-banding pattern of Jeju horse chromosomes showed a light band at centromeres in all autosomes, and also exhibited a typical and identical banding pattern in each homologous chromosome. Overall chromosomal morphology and positions of typical landmarks of the Jeju horse were virtually identical to those of International Committee for the Standardization of the Domestic Horse Karyotype. C-bands of Jeju horse chromosomes appeared on centromeres of almost all autosomes, but chromosome 8 showed a heterochromatin heteromorphism. The NORs in Jeju horse chromosomes showed polymorphic patterns within breed, individuals and cells. By the AgNOR staining, the NORs were located at the terminal of p-arm on chromosome 1 and near centromeres on the chromosome 26 and 31. The mean number of NORs per metaphase was 4.68 in Jeju horse.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.397-400
• /
• 2004

The chromosome numbers and karyotypes were investigated in four Korean native species of the genus Hosta. The chromosome complements were diploid of 2n=60 in H. japonica var. lancifolia Nakai and H. capitata Nakai, aneuploid of 2n=59 in H. minor (Bak.) Nakai, and modified triploid of 2n=92 in H. longipes (Fr. et Sav.) Matsumura. All the species carried four sets of distinctly large chromosomes of which the chromosome types were telocentrics or subtelocentrics with $4.4{\sim}7.2\;{\mu}m$ in length. The other chromosomes were meta-, submeta, subtelo-, or telocentric types and showed gradual length degradation in the range of $1.0{\sim}3.0\;{\mu}m$. The satellites appeared vestigially in a pair or a triplet set of chromosomes which depends on the species. New chromosome number and karyotype in H. longipes were the first report in this species. The structural rearrangement was suggested to explain the modified triploid composition of 2n=92.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.363-368
• /
• 2009

One of the frequent occurrences in rearrangements is chromosome inversion. Pericentric inversion is considered to be the variant of normal karyotype. We investigated the karyotypes of 1195 cases being referred to prenatal diagnosis using standard GTG banding for karyotype preparation. The chromosomal analysis revealed a total of 15 (1.26%) inversions. The characteristics of inversion type [(inv(4), inv(8), inv(9), inv(11)) were investigated on the basis of chromosomal analyses of fetuses and their parents. The results from chromosomal examination of the parents, whose fetuses were diagnosed as inversion, show that either parent might be the carrier. Inversion in human chromosome is commonly seen in normal humans and the frequency estimated to be 1 to 2% in general population and the exact amount of this phenomenon is still unclear. These results indicate that inv(8), inv(9), and inv(11) are phenotypically normal. However these may often cause clinical problems in offspring of the carrier, such as fetal wastage repeated spontaneous abortions and infertility with unknown mechanisms related to sex. We describe an inversion of human chromosome and its clinical correlation with human genetic disease.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.24-34
• /
• 1987

The melaniid snails belonging to genus Semisulcospira were collected in the Kangwha and Yonchon areas of Korea in 1986 through 1987 in order to carry out a cytotaxonomic study, The snails were first narcotized with menthol and fixed with 70% ethyl alcohol for morphological identification. The gonads of adult snails were used for chromosome analyses by the technique of Imai et al. (1977) with minor modification. Slide preparations were observed under high power fields using a Leitz light miscroscope. The results obtained in the present stuedy are summarized as follows: 1)The sanils collected from Kangwha and Yonchon areas were identified as Semisulcospira forticosta(Martens, 1886)and S. gottschei (Martens, 1886) respectively.2)No specific differences were obwerved in details of the chromosome cycle between S. forticosta and S. gottschei.3) Diploid chromosome numbers observed at mitotic metaphase were 36. There was no difference in chromosome numbers between S. forticosta and S. gottschei.4) There were morphological differences in the karyotypes of the two species. The spermatogonial metaphase karyotype of S. forticosta consists of six pairs of metacentric, eleven pairs of submetacentric, and one pair of acrocentric chromosomes. The spermatogonial metaphase karyotype of S. gottschei consists of five pairs of metacentric, tselve pairs of submetacentric, and one pair of acrocentric chromosomes. Summarizing the aboxe results, the two species of Semisulcospira employed in this study have same chromosome numbers(2n=36)with different karyotypes.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.402-407
• /
• 2003

Karyotype analysis and chromosomal localization of 5S and 45S rDNAs using multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (McFISH) technique were carried out in Bupleurum longeradiatum. Somatic metaphase chromosome number was 2n=12. Karyotype was composed of three pairs of metacentrics (No.3, 4 and 6) and three pairs of submetacentrics (No. 1, 2 and 5). The length of somatic prometaphase chromosomes ranges from 2.55 to $5.05{\mu}m$ with total length of $18.15\;{\mu}m$. In FISH experiment, one pair of 5S rDNA signals was detected on the pericentromeric region of chromosome 4 and one pair of 45S rDNA signals was detected on the telomeric region of chromosome 2.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.24-28
• /
• 2009

The chromosome morphology of two Korean Lactuca (L. indica, L. triangulata) is reported herein. The chromosome number and karyotype of a naturalized plant, L. scariola are reported for the first time. The basic chromosome number was x = 9. Polyploid forms were not recorded. The karyotypes of L. indica, L. scariola, and L. triangulata were 2 n = 18 = 2 m+ 7 sm, 2 n = 18 = 1 m + 6 sm+ 2 st, 2 n = 18 = 2 m + 5 sm+ 2 st, respectively. Both L. indica and L. triangulata had satellites at the ends of their short arms. The haploid genome lengths of L. indica, L.scariola, and L. triangulata were $56.3{\mu}m$, $35.3{\mu}m$, and $72.5{\mu}m$ respectively. Each chromosome length of naturalized L. scariola was $2.7-5.2{\mu}m$; the smallest among Korean Lactuca. The chromosome lengths of L. indica and L. triangulata were $4.7-7.6{\mu}m$ and $2.9-7.9{\mu}m$, respectively. The karyotype of L. scariola differed from that of L.indica and L.triangulata both of which belong to sect. Tuberosae. Therefore, L. scariola is thought to belong to sect. Lactuca subsect. Lactuca.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.605-609
• /
• 2002

None of the numerous published canine idiograms and karyotypes has yet been generally accepted as a standard one because the dog has 76 acrocentric autosomes of similar size and shape. To establish canine banded karyotype from the 22nd chromosome to the 37th chromosome, we analyzed canine chromosomes by GTG, high resolution, and NOR-banding techniques. The GTG and high resolution banding patterns of canine chromosomes corresponded to other reports described previously except for a few chromosomes. While other researchers observed 12 bands, we observed 7 bands in the banding patterns of chromosome 24, 34 and 37. On the other hand, the banding patterns by NOR-banding technique showed that three pairs of autosomes have nucleolus organizer regions at the terminal ends of their long arm, and the Y chromosome has it in its short arm terminal. However, the X chromosome has no nucleolus organizer like other mammals.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.260-277
• /
• 2018

The evolution of chromosome numbers and the karyotype structure is a prominent feature of plant genomes contributing to or at least accompanying plant diversification and eventually leading to speciation. Polyploidy, the multiplication of whole chromosome sets, is widespread and ploidy-level variation is frequent at all taxonomic levels, including species and populations, in angiosperms. Analyses of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels of 252 taxa of Korean non-commelinid monocots indicated that diploids (ca. 44%) and tetraploids (ca. 14%) prevail, with fewer triploids (ca. 6%), pentaploids (ca. 2%), and hexaploids (ca. 4%) being found. The range of genome sizes of the analyzed taxa (0.3-44.5 pg/1C) falls well within that reported in the Plant DNA C-values database (0.061-152.33 pg/1C). Analyses of karyotype features in angiosperm often involve, in addition to chromosome numbers and genome sizes, mapping of selected repetitive DNAs in chromosomes. All of these data when interpreted in a phylogenetic context allow for the addressing of evolutionary questions concerning the large-scale evolution of the genomes as well as the evolution of individual repeat types, especially ribosomal DNAs (5S and 35S rDNAs), and other tandem and dispersed repeats that can be identified in any plant genome at a relatively low cost using next-generation sequencing technologies. The present work investigates chromosome numbers (n or 2n), base chromosome numbers (x), ploidy levels, rDNA loci numbers, and genome size data to gain insight into the incidence, evolution and significance of polyploidy in Korean monocots.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.102-111
• /
• 2015

The karyotypes of most species of crocodilians were studied using conventional and molecular cytogenetics. These provided an important contribution of chromosomal rearrangements for the evolutionary processes of Crocodylia and Sauropsida (birds and reptiles). The karyotypic features of crocodilians contain small diploid chromosome numbers (30~42), with little interspecific variation of the chromosome arm number (fundamental number) among crocodiles (56~60). This suggested that centric fusion and/or fission events occurred in the lineage, leading to crocodilian evolution and diversity. The chromosome numbers of Alligator, Caiman, Melanosuchus, Paleosuchus, Gavialis, Tomistoma, Mecistops, and Osteolaemus were stable within each genus, whereas those of Crocodylus (crocodylians) varied within the taxa. This agreed with molecular phylogeny that suggested a highly recent radiation of Crocodylus species. Karyotype analysis also suggests the direction of molecular phylogenetic placement among Crocodylus species and their migration from the Indo-Pacific to Africa and The New World. Crocodylus species originated from an ancestor in the Indo-Pacific around 9~16 million years ago (MYA) in the mid-Miocene, with a rapid radiation and dispersion into Africa 8~12 MYA. This was followed by a trans-Atlantic dispersion to the New World between 4~8 MYA in the Pliocene. The chromosomes provided a better understanding of crocodilian evolution and diversity, which will be useful for further study of the genome evolution in Crocodylia.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.45 no.7
• /
• pp.917-922
• /
• 2002

An unbalanced translocation is frequently the result of inheritance of an unbalanced haploid set from a parent with a balanced translocation. Families in which one parent is a balanced translocation carrier fall into the following classes : Those in which none of the possible abnormal offsprings is viable; Those in which one type of offspring, usually the one with the smaller deletion, is born alive; Those in which two types of abnormal offspring are viable. We report a neonate whose karyotype was 46,XX,der(2)t(2;7)(q21;p21.2),der(20)t(2;20)(q21;p13). She was small for her gestational age and had multiple anomalies such as exophthalmos, corneal opacity, short neck, tongue tie, clinodactyly, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and ventriculomegaly. Moreover, her mother's karyotype was 46,XX,der(2)t(2;7)(q21;p21.2),del(16)(q22.1),der(20)t(2;20)(q21;p13) but her father had normal karyotype. The same derivative chrosomes were found between mother and her infant, except for del(16)(q22.1) in her mother and these same unbalanced translocations in a two-generation family are extremely rare.