• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1863-1870
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• 2015

Fibrinolytic enzyme genes (aprE2, aprE176, and aprE179) were introduced into the Bacillus subtilis 168 chromosome without any antibiotic resistance gene. An integration vector, pDG1662, was used to deliver the genes into the amyE site of B. subtilis 168. Integrants, SJ3-5nc, SJ176nc, and SJ179nc, were obtained after two successive homologous recombinations. The integration of each fibrinolytic gene into the middle of the amyE site was confirmed by phenotypes (Amy-, Spec^S) and colony PCR results for these strains. The fibrinolytic activities of the integrants were higher than that of B. subtilis 168 by at least 3.2-fold when grown in LB broth. Cheonggukjang was prepared by inoculating each of B. subtilis 168, SJ3-5nc, SJ176nc, and SJ179nc, and the fibrinolytic activity of cheonggukjang was 4.6 ± 0.7, 10.8 ± 0.9, 7.0 ± 0.6, and 8.0 ± 0.2 (U/g of cheonggukjang), respectively at 72 h. These results showed that construction of B. subtilis strains with enhanced fibrinolytic activities is possible by integration of a strong fibrinolytic gene via a marker-free manner.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 1996

Hybird and allotriploid between female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and male coho salmon (O. kisutch) were produced by artificial fertilization and heat shocks. Hatching and survival rate of allotriploid at 2 month after hatching was $77.6\%$ and $54.5\%$ respectively, and these rates clearly exceeded those of their hybrid. Cell and nuclear sizes of the erythrocyte of hybrid were intermidiate of their parents and those of allotriploid were larger than thier hybird. The somatic chromosome number of viable hybrid was 2n = 60 and that of allotriploid was $90\~93$ with chromosomal polymorphism. Allotriploid karyotpe was constituted by two sets of rainbow trout chromosome and one set of coho salmon chromosome.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2009

In this study, we assessed the stability and toxicological safety of Angelica gigas Nakai (A. gigas Nakai) extract, which is comprised of decursin and decursinol angelate (D/DA). D/DA was tested for mutagenicity using Ames Salmonella tester strains (TA102, TA1535, and TA1537) with or without metabolic activation (S9 mix). No increase in the number of revertants was observed in response to any of the doses tested (1.25, 12.5, 125, and $1,250{\mu}/mLg$). In addition, a chromosome aberration test was conducted in the Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell line. To accomplish this, cells were treated with D/DA (3.28, 13.12, 52.46, and $209.84{\mu}g/mL$) or with Mitomycin C ($0.1{\mu}/mLg$) as a positive control in the case of no metabolic activation or benzo(a)pyrene ($20{\mu}g/mL$) in the case of metabolic activation. No significant increase in chromosome aberrations was observed in response to treatment with any of these concentrations, regardless of activation of the metabolic system. According to these results, we concluded that D/DA did not induce bacterial reverse mutation or clastogenicity in vitro in the range of concentrations evaluated in these experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.144-144
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• 2017

Micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) have important roles for development and growth in plants but it also have roles in animals and humans. In previous studies, a Korean weedy rice, KH2J was selected to have tolerance to heavy metal, lead (Pb) compared with a cultivar, Milyang23. To identify QTLs for micronutrients concentration in grain, an F2 population (120 plants) were developed from a cross between KH2J and an indica rice cultivar, Milyang23. To measure the concentration of eight ions, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), grains were collected and digested with 65% nitric acid, and the ion contents were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A total 27 putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected on 12 chromosomes by single point analysis and 22 putative QTLs were detected by composite interval mapping. The co-locations of QTL for Zn, Fe and Mn were observed on chromosome 5. The QTLs for Cd, Cu and Zn were co-localized on chromosome 10, and QTLs for Zn, As and Mn was on chromosome 12. The Zn concentration in F2 generation showed significant correlation with concentrations of As (r = -0.4), Cu (r = 0.5) and Fe (r = 0.2) (P < 0.01). Also, the Ca concentration was significantly related with Mn and Fe concentrations (P < 0.01). Fine mapping of these QTLs is underway to analyze their functional relationship.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 2009

Bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly used in the production of pharmaceutical, industrial, and housing epoxy, as well as polycarbonate plastics. Owing to its extensive use, BPA can contaminate the environment either directly or through derivatives of these products. BPA has been classified as an endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs), and the primary toxicity of these EDCs in males involves the induction of reproductive system abnormality. First, in order to evaluate the direct effects on the Y chromosome associated with reproduction, we evaluated Y chromosome abnormalities using a Y chromosome microdeletion detection kit. However, we detected no Yq abnormality as the result of BPA exposure. Secondly, we performed high-density oligonucleotide array-based comparative genome hybridization (CGH) to assess genomic alteration as a component of our toxicity assessment. The results of our data analysis revealed some changes in copy number. Seven observed features were gains or losses in chromosomal DNA (P-value<1.0e-5, average log2 ratio>0.2). Interestingly, 21 probes of chr7:7312289-10272836 (qA1-qA2 in cytoband) were a commonly observed amplification (P-value 3.69e-10). Another region, chr14:4551029-10397399, was also commonly amplified (P-value 2.93e-12, average of log2 ratios in segment>0.3786). These regions include many genes associated with pheromone response, transcription, and signal transduction using ArrayToKegg software. These results help us to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the reproductive effects induced by BPA.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.88-99
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to find out the bio-effects due to be a radiation fractionated exposure. The experimental animals were divided into the control group and the radiation exposure groups of 20cGy, 40cGy and 80cGy with 220 male Sprague-Dawley rats at 6 weeks old. The radiation exposure groups were fractionated exposed from each 20cGy, 40cGy and 80cGy for every 5 days. The chromosome aberrations, the frequency of SCE, the changes of body weight, hematological values and enzyme activities were investigated for the fractionating exposure times and the time after fractionated exposure. The results were summarized as follows 1. The body weight of the radiation exposure groups were significantly decreased compared with control group according to the increasing fractionated exposure times, and it was the lowest values at the immediately after the end of the fractionating exposed, but it was recovered with the level of control group at 3rd weeks gradually increased 1st week after fractionated exposure. 2. The values of WBC, RBC, Hb and Hct in the radiation exposure groups were significantly decreased than those the control group, but the values of GOT, GPT, ALP, and LDH in the radiation exposure groups were significantly increased than those of the control group. 3. The frequency of chromosomal aberration were increased according to the increasing fractionated exposure dose, and it showed the highest at 5th days after fractionated exposed. The types of chromosomal aberration were occurred such as a numerical abnormality, deletion, break and duplication, it was not recovered immediately and maintained high frequency than the control group. 4. The frequency of SCE were significantly increased according to the increasing fractionated exposure dose in 20cGy, 40cGy and 80cGy groups. But it was recovered the level of control group at 7th days after fractionated exposure. According to the above results, this study could confirm that the frequency of chromosomal aberration and SCE were increased with fractionated exposure dose, the other hand, the changes of body weight, hematological values and enzyme activity values were significantly affected according to the increasing fractionated exposure dose.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.651-658
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• 2013

Uterine leiomyomas (UL) are extremely common neoplasms in women of reproductive age, and are associated with a variety of characteristic choromosomal aberrations (CAs). The p53 gene has been reported to play a crucial role in suppressing the growth of a variety of cancer cells. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of CAs and the p53 gene on ULs. We performed cytogenetic analysis by G-banding in 10 cases undergoing myomectomy or hysterectomy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a p53 gene probe was also used on interphase nuclei to screen for deletions. In patients, CAs were found in 23.4% of 500 cells analysed, significantly more frequent than in the control group (p<0.001). In the patients, 76% of the abnormalities were structural aberrations (deletions, translocations and breaks), and only 24% were numerical. Deletions were the most common structural aberration observed in CAs. Among these CAs, specific changes in five loci 1q11, 1q42, 2p23, 5q31 and Xp22 have been found in our patients and these changes were not reported previously in UL. The chromosome breaks were more frequent in cases, from high to low, 1, 2, 6, 9, 3, 5, 10 and 12. Chromosome 22, X, 3, 17 and 18 aneuploidy was observed to be the most frequent among all numerical aberrations. We observed a low frequency of p53 losses (2-11%) in our cases. The increased incidence of autosomal deletions, translocations, chromatid breaks and aneuploidy, could contribute to the progression of the disease along with other chromosomal alterations.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.374-382
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• 2011

We investigated the mutagenicity of methiozolin, newly developed herbicide, in vitro reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, chromosome aberration test using chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells and in vivo micronucleus test of mice. In the reverse mutation test, the methiozolin did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, Escherichia coli WP2uvrA with and without metabolic activation at $5,000{\mu}g$/plate. In the chromosome aberration test, the results showed no incidence of increased structural and numerical chromosome abberrations at any doses tested (80, 40, $20{\mu}g$/mL). In micronucleous test, the ratio of micronuclei was measured in polychromatic erythrocytes with treated methiozolin for ICR mice. No incidence of increased micronuclei were observed in polychromatic erythrocytes (1,500, 1,000, 500 mg/kg). Based on these results, we concluded that methiozolin has no mutagenic toxicity in vitro and in vivo systems.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2003

The chimpanzee and gorilla are classified into hominidae, catarrhini, primates. These species are originated from Africa, so called African great apes. Recently, primatologists have classified that there are 2 species 5 subspecies of the chimpanzee and gorilla, respectively. Since the human genome project has been finished, the chimpanzee genome project has been launched to understand human evolution and genetic diseases. The sequences of chimpanzee chromosome 22 homologous to human chromosome 21 were completed, and then the Y chromosome of chimpanzee is being analyzed. Comparative analysis of human, chimpanzee and gorilla could provide the key for understanding of various human diseases and human origin. By detecting human specific-functional genes or mobile genetic elements (HERV, LINE, SINE) through primate research, we could understand what is human being\ulcorner gradually, For these comparative researches, we summarized fundamental knowledge of the feature, phylogeny and evolution of African great apes including humans.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.6 s.86
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• pp.762-765
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• 2007

A Giemsa C-banding method was used for the identification of somatic chromosomes and heterochromatic knob position in Korean indigenous waxy com (Zea mays L.). 5 inbred stocks were examined and their heterochromatic knob numbers ranged from 6 to 12. In comparison of homologous chromosomes of two stocks of YS-1 and MY-1, knob numbers, knob positions, arm ratios and relative length of chromosomes were different between the genotypes. The length of homologous chromosomes in YS-1 were generally larger than those of MY-1. The Giemsa method was proved to be useful for the identification of somatic chromosome and a C-banded diagram showing knob positions, arm ratios and relative length of chromosome could be used as a good tool to compare the characteristics of chromosomes of Korean indigenous waxy corn stocks.