• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.167-170
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• 2003

Cytochrome $b_{5}$($b_{5}$) can be found in a variety of tissues and plays a role in the electron transfer pathways. Several retropseudogenes (numbered as I, II, II, IV, V) have been identified and well investigated for their structures. However, retropseudogene I is not clear in terms of its location on the chromosome. In addition the structure and the exression of retropseudogene V have not been confirmed. To examine the structure of bs retropseudogenes V and to see whether it is expressed in human blood we applied recombinant DNA technologies including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. Retropseudogene V turned out to contain open reading frame (ORF) within its structure, however, no evidence of its expression was detected. Retropseudogene I was also found on the chromosome V. This study should contribute to the understanding of the structure of bs gene family.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 1973

Mitomycin C, chemically reactive antibiotics derived from Streptomyces caespitosus, was introduced to Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus, (2n=22) cells (22Emb. ♀5PSP ♂, to carry out an analysis of the chromosome aberration. It was found that regions 5 and 7 of chromosomes 1 and 2, and secondary constriction of chromosome X showed the most striking effect of Mitomycin C. The relationship between Mitomycin C and secondary contriction was discussed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 1998

Test plants with 10 days old primary leaves were indouclated by shaking infected seedlings with sporulating colonies over them in an inoculation room under the conditions of 20$\pm$1 $^{\circ}C$ with constant illumination of 2.500 lux and 100% realtive humidity. A seeding reaction of 4 days after inoculation appreared in the trisomic types as opposed to Tri-5B line had been symtoms of a fungus 3 days after inoculation. The infection types of 8 days after inoculation were recognized with higher susceptibility to each trisomics in A genomie than B-genome. Tri-2A line showed less condium and there appeared symptoms of a conditions of mottle and formed papilla, and haustorium was not formed. However, Tri-5B line had much condium one overall leaves and showed a symtom like necrosis compared with normal plant. Moreover, Tri-5B line showed high sensitivity and high germination number of condium. These results inferred that resistant gene located on 2A chromosome and susceptibility gene is located on the chromosome 5B.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.869-876
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• 2015

Wild relative species of domesticated crops are useful genetic resources for improving agronomic traits. Cytogenetic investigations based on chromosome composition provide insight into basic genetic and genomic characteristics of a species that can be exploited in a breeding program. Here, we used FISH analysis to characterize the ploidy level, chromosome constitution, and genomic distribution o f 5S and 4 5S r ibosomal DNA (rDNA) in four wild Cucurbitaceae species, namely, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. var. citroides L. H. Bailey (2n = 22), Melothria japonica Maxim. (2n = 22), Sicyos angulatus L. (2n = 24), and Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. (2n = 66, 88, 110 cytotypes), collected in different areas of Korea. All species were diploids, except for T. kirilowii, which included hexa-, octa-, and decaploid cytotypes (2n = 6x = 66, 8x = 88, and 10x = 110). All species have small metaphase chromosomes in the range of $2-5{\mu}m$. The 45S rDNA signals were localized distally compared to the 5S rDNA. C. lanatus var. citroides and M. japonica showed one and two loci of 45S and 5S rDNA, respectively, with co-localization of rDNA signals in one M. japonica chromosome. S. angulatus showed two co-localized signals of 5S and 45S rDNA loci. The hexaploid T. kirilowii cytotype showed five signals each for 45S and 5S rDNA, with three being co-localized. This is the first report of hexaploid and decaploid cytotypes in T. kirilowii. These results will be useful in future Cucurbitaceae breeding programs.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2005

Karyotype analysis and chromosomal locailization of 45S and 5S rDNAs using McFISH (multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization) were carried out in Jeffersonia dubia Benth., which is one of medicinal plants belonging to Berberidaceae. The somatic metaphase chromosome number was 2n=2x=12 and the size of chromosomes ranged $1.95{\sim}3.50\;{\mu}m$. The chromosome complement consisted of two pairs of metacentrics (chromosomes 1 and 3), two pairs of submetacentrics (chromosomes 2 and 4) and two pairs of subtelocentrics (chromosomes 5 and 6). In McFISH, one pair of 45S rDNA site was detected on the centromeric region of chromosome 2 and three pairs of 5S rDNA sites were detected on the short arm of chromosomes 4, 5 and 6, respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.225-229
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• 1988

A ginseng protein fraction which has been reported to have radiation protective effect was purified from Korean ginseng and its effects on relative survival and chromosome aberration were studied in UV irradiated CHO-K1 cells. When the protein fraction $(100\;{\mu}g/ml)$ was added to the cells before UV irradiation at 4\;J/$m^2$,, the survival rates were increased to 53.8% from 40.6% in control. Addition of the protein $(100\;{\mu}g/ml)$ after UV irradiation at 4 and $8\;J/m^2$ raised the rates to 85.4 and 24.0% from 79.2 and 11.5% in control, respectively. When the ginseng protein $(800\;{\mu}g/ml)$ was added to the cells exposed to UV light at 10, 20, $30\;J/m^2$, the frequencies of chromosome aberration (CA) were reduced significantly to almost same level regardless of the UV dose increment and there was no significant difference between pre- and post-treatment. When the concentration of ginseng protein was increased from 200 to $800\;{\mu}g/ml$, at UV dose of 10, 20, $30\;J/m^2$ each, the CA frequencies were decreased consistently as the dose of ginseng protein increased, at all UV doses tested. Similar effects were observed in both cases of pre- and post-treatment. The data suggest that the protein may reduce cell damage caused by UV light, especially damage to DNA molecule, or play a role in repair processes of damaged DNA, to increase cell survival and reduce chromosome aberrations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.92-92
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• 2003

Accurate analysis of nuclear status is needed when biopsied-blastomeres are used for embryo sexing. In this study, the nuclear status of blastomeres derived from 8- to 16-cell stage IVF bovine embryos was analyzed to evaluate the representative of single blastomere for embryo sexing. When 55 embryos were analyzed by PCR following biopsy, the coincident rate of sex determination between biopsied-single blastomere and matched blastocyst by PCR was 80 %. Karyotyping of biastomeres in 8- 16-cell stage bovine embryos was conducted to assess chromosome status of IVF embryos. To establish karyotyping of blastomeres, concentrations of vinblastine sulfate and duration of exposure time for metaphase plate induction with 8- to 16-cell stage bovine embryos were tested. The most effective condition for induction of metaphase plate (>45%) was 1.0 ug/ml vinblastine sulfate treatment for 15 h. In 22 embryos under the condition, only 8 embryos out of ten that had a normal diploid chromosome complement showed a sex-chromosomal composition of XX or XY (36.4%) and 2 diploid embryos showed mosaicism of the opposite sex of XX and XY in blastomeres of embryo (9.1%). One haploid embryo contained only one X-chromosome (4.5%). Four out of the other 11 embryos having a mixoploid chromosomal complement contained haploid blastomere with wrong sex chromosome (18.2%). These results suggested that morphologically normal bovine embryos derived from IVF had considerable proportion of mixoploid and sex-chromosomal mosaicism which could be the cause of discrepancies of the sex between biopsied-single blastomere and matched blastocyst by PCR analysis.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.401-405
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• 2004

Karyotypes were established in the eight Korean native species of the genus Iris. Chromosome numbers were 2n=50 in I. koreana and 2n=42 in I. uniflora var. carinata and their karyotype formulas were K = 2n = 50 = 14m + 28sm + 8st and K = 2n = 42 = 16m + 26sm, respectively. I. dichotoma and I. pseudoacorus were diploids of 2n=34. However, they showed different karyotype formulas: K = 2n = 34 = 26m + 6sm + 2st in I. dichotoma and K = 2n = 34 = 8m + 24sm + 2st in I. pseudoacorus. I. setosa, and I. pallasii var. chinensis carried the same chromosome numbers of 2n=40, but they showed different patterns of karyotype formula: K = 2n = 40 = 22m + 14sm + 4st in I. setosa and K = 2n = 40 = 26m + 12sm + 2st in I. pallasii var. chinensis. I. sanguinea was a diploid of 2n=28 and the karyotype formula was K = 2n = 28 = 14m + 14sm. I. ensata var. spontanea was a diploid of 2n=24 and the karyotype formula was K = 2n = 24 = 10m + 14sm. Each species showed characteristic chromosome composition with a pair of satellite chromosome except I. koreana with three pairs of satellite chromosomes. The chromosomes of I. dichotoma and I. uniflora were comparatively short, while the chromosomes of I. ensata were remarkably bigger than those of other species. These cytological data will give a useful information for the identification and breeding program of the Iris plants.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.85-108
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• 1984

In order to study the relationship between resistance of tumor cells to anticancer drugs and immunologic cytotoxicity and their chromosome number, a line of cancer cells (NS-1) was exposed to BCNU and CCNU in vitro. Characteristics of the distribution of chromosome number of the survived cells were then comparatively analyzed. Effect of immune mediated cytotoxicity, i.e. complement and cell-mediated cytotoxicity, on the ploidy characteristics was observed in the same way. NS-1 cells were found to be a population of neoplastic cells of heterogeneity having 5 to 115 chromosomes per cell in metaphase. The majority of the cells were belong to the class of chromosome number 56 to 60 which were considered as the stem cell line. Dramatic changes in the distribution of chromosome number following drug treatment were not observed. However the range of chromosome distribution was slightly changed. Characteristics of chromosomal distribution of drug treated cells were not significantly varied by different doses of drug treated. Changed chromosomal distribution patterns of drug treated cells were reversible, especially the cells having 56 to 60 chromosomes recovered rapidly. Cells having 41-60 and 61-80 chromosomes among cells treated with BCNU and cells with 41-60 chromosomes after CCNU treatment were the major population which regenerated continuously. Following BCNU treatment cells having 61-80 chromosomes were not varied much whereas CCNU treatment affects the population in the same class. Chromosomal aberrations were significantly enhanced by BCNU and CCNU treatment. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations was greater in cells having more than 40 chromosomes compared with that in cells having less than 40 chromosomes. Changes in ploidy characteristics of the cells following complement mediated and cell mediated cytotoxicity were not significant. Therefore it was tentatively concluded that association of numerical distribution pattern of NS-1 cells with the response to the treatment used in this experiment was not recognized.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2008

A total of 41 microsatellite markers were used with 29 genotypes to examine the relationship between SSR polymorphisms and N-use efficiency related traits with a goal to identify the putative QTLs related to these traits. These primers yielded a total of 183 alleles (average 4.46 alleles per primer), and polymorphism information content (PIC) values of the SSRs ranged from 0.119 to 0.805 with mean value of 0.425. Correlation coefficients were obtained among the four N-use efficiency traits in the 34 accessions and significant positive correlations of relative ratios between grain yield and harvest index (r=0.3404) and total dry matter (r=0.7976), while N uptake showed a moderate level of correlation with the ratios of the grain yield and total dry matter, respectively. 36.5% (15/41) SSR markers were monomorphic among the 25 japonica accessions out of the 29 accessions. Association between SSR genotypes and phenotypic performances from the total (29) or japonica (25) accessions was tested based on a single point analysis. Three putative QTL regions were detected for the ratio of grain yield. These include the chromosomal region containing the RM283 locus on chromosome 1 and RM25 on chromosome 8 (all and japonica accessions) and the region with the SSR marker, RM206 on chromosome 11 (the japonica accessions). For the total dry matter ratio, two chromosomal regions were identified as the putative QTL region. One is the region with the SSR marker, RM162 on chromosome 6 (all and japonica accessions) and the other was the one with the SSR marker RM25 on chromosome 8 (the japonica accessions). Among these markers, RM25 showed associations with both traits.