• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2006

The detection of many synthetic chemicals used in industry that may pose a genetic hazard in our environment is of great concern at present. Since these substances are not limited to the original products, and enter the environment, they have become widespread environmental pollutants, thus leading to a variety of chemicals that possibly threaten the public health. In this respect, to regulate and to evaluate the chemical hazard will be important to environment and human health. The clastogenicity of 11 synthetic chemicals was evaluated in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells in vitro. 1-Chloro-3-bromopropane CAS No. 109-70-6) induced chromosomal aberrations with significance at the concentration of $185.0\;{\mu}g/mL\;and\;1,600\;{\mu}g/mL$ both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system, respectively. Triphenyl phosphite (CAS No. 101-02-0), which is one of the most cytotoxic chemical among 11 chemicals tested revealed no clastogenicity in the range of $95.0-4.9\;{\mu}g/mL$ both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system. From the results of chromosomal aberration assay with 11 synthetic chemicals in Chinese hamster lung cells in vitro, 1-chloro-3-bromopropane revealed a positive clastogenic result in this study.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the mutagenic potential of SDK(skin decontamination kit) produced by Agency for Defense Development(ADD), were performed Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay, chromosomal aberration test on chinese hamster ovarian cells and in vivo micronucleus assay using mouse bone marrow cells according to the established regulation of Korean Food and Drug Administration. In the reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 did not in-crease the number of revertant at any of the concentration tested in this study. SDK did not increase the number of cells having structural or numerical chromosome aberration in cytogenetic test. In mouse micronucleus test, no significant increase in the occurrence oj micro nucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were observed in ICR male mice intraperitoneally administered with SDK. These results indicate that SDK has no mutagenic effects under these experimental conditions.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

To determine whether ozone is genotoxic at environmentally relevant exposure level, B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0.5 ppm ozone for 12 weeks, 6 hr/day. Chromosomal aberration, supravital micronucleus and hprt mutation assays were performed. The percentage of abnormal cells was significantly increased at 0.5 ppm ozone when compared to unexposed control in chromosome aberration assay. Significant increase in the frequencies of micro nucleated reticulocytes and 6-thioguanine-resistant ($TG^r$) lymphocytes was also observed in supravital micronucleus assay using peripheral blood and lymphocyte hprt mutation assay, respectively. The results indicate, that under our experimental conditions, 0.5 ppm ozone are genotoxic in exposed B6C3F1 mice.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제2회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.171-171
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• 1993

발암물질의 조기검색법을 개발하고자 변이원성 물질의 스크리닝법으로 널리 사용되고 있는 Ames test 및 chromosomal aberration test를 본 연구에서 개발하고자 하는 DNA 및 Protein-adduct 형성시험법과 비교 연구하였다. 벤조피렌과 아플라톡신 B$_1$을 모델 발암물질로 하여 실시한 Ames test에서는 두 화합물 모두 양성을 나타냈으나 용량-반응 관계가 뚜렷하지 않았다. 또한 고농도에서는 시험물질의 독성체 의해 정상적인 Ames test의 수행이 어려됐다. Chromosomal aberration test에서도 Ames test와 비슷한 결과를 나타냈으며 특히 고농도에서 시험을 실시했을 경우 Ames test에서와 마찬가지로 세포독성의 현상이 관찰되었다. 그러나 본 연구에서 새로이 개발한 DNA 및 Protein-adduct형성 시험법은 저농도에서 고농도에 이르기까지 뚜렷한 용량-반응 관계를 나타냈으며 Ames test 및 chromosomal test에서 일어날 수 있는 false positive나 false negative의 결과를 가져다 줄 우려가 없다. 또한 시험시간이 1-2시간 정도 소요되므로 기존의 방법보다 시험시간을 약 40배 가량 단축시킬 수 있었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.233-240
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• 1993

방사선에 의하여 발생하는 인체 말초 혈액 임파구의 불안정 염색체 이상(unstable chromosomal aberration)을 이용한 생물학적 선량측정 법(biological dosimetry)의 기본자료에 필요한 150 cGy이하의 저선량 영역에서의 방사선량-염색체 이상 빈도의 표준곡선을 작성하기 위하여 본 실험을 실행하였다. 불안정 염색체 이상 중 dicentric 또는 ring 염색체 이상을 가진 세포의 빈도는 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75, 100 및 150 cGy에서 각각 0, 0, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.8, 5.5, 8.0, $18.5\%$이었고 임파구내 dicentric및 ring 염색체 이상의 빈도(Ydr)는 각각 0, 0, 0.004, 0.005, 0.006, 0.009, 0.018, 0.055, 0.084 및 0.207이었다. 염색체 이상을 가진 임파구내의 염색체 이상의 빈도(Qdr)는 75 cGy 이하에서는 1.00 이었고 100 cGy와 150 cGy에서는 각각 1.05및 1.11이었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 1인당 500개의 염색체를 검사할 경우 25 cGy이상의 전신 피폭시 비교적 정확한 선량 측정이 가능함을 알 수 있었으며 15내지 20 cGy의 피폭시에는 피폭여부를 구분할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 월간1 mSv 미만의 방사선을 받은 방사선작업 종사자에서의 불안정염색체 이상빈도는 0.0020내지 0.0057로서 허용선량 이하의 저선량에 피폭되는 경우에도 염색체 이상이 있을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2002

The detection of many synthetic chemicals used in industry that may pose a genetic hazard in our environment is of great concern at present. Since these substances are not limited to the original products, and enter the environment, they have become widespread environmental pollutants, thus leading to a variety of chemicals that possibly threaten the public health. In this respect, to regulate and to evaluate the chemical hazard will be important to environment and human health. The clastogenicity of 17 synthetic chemicals was evaluated in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells in vitro. Two most cytotoxic chemicals, dodecyl methacrylate (CAS No. 142-90-5) and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (CAS No. 688-84-6), among 17 chemicals tested revealed no clastogenicity in the range of 0.0165-0.066 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and 0.006-0.024 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system, respectively. All 17 chemicals revealed no significant induction of chromosomal aberration both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system in this assay. From the results of chromosomal aberration assay with 17 synthetic chemicals in Chinese hamster lung cells in vitro, we did not observed positive clastogenic results in this study.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2002

1974년 3월부터 1998년 8월까지 약 25년간 본 소아과에서 염색체 분석을 시행하였던 환아 중 염색체 이상증후군을 의심할 만한 임상증상을 가졌던 756례와 반음양, 경미한 성적 이상, 다발성 기형, 지능저하 및 성장장애 등이 있었던 424례의 결과를 종합한 총 1,180례의 결과를 비교 검토하였다. 1) 상염색체이상증후군의 남녀 비는 1.2 : 1이었다. 대상군의 연령분포는 상염색체이상군에서 1세 미만이 78.6%로 많았고, 성염색체이상군에서는 12세 이상이 89.8%로 많았다. 2) 전체 1180례 중 612례에서 염색체 이상을 보여 양성율이 51.9%였다. 그 중 상염색체이상증후군을 의심한 군의 경우는 597례 중 497례(83.2%)에서, 성염 색체이상을 의심한 군은 159례 중 93례(58.5%)에서, 기타 반음양, 경미한 성적 이상, 다발성 선천성 기형, 지능저하 및 성장장애에서는 424례 중 22례(5.2%)에서 이상소견을 보였다. 상염색체이상증후군 중 Down 증후군은 88.8%, E군 이상은 50%, D군 이상은 53.6%, 묘성 증후군은 71.4%의 양성율을 보였다. 성염색체이상증후군은 Turner 증후군은 63.3%, Klinefelter 증후군은 51.6%, Fragile X 증후군은 33.3%의 양성율을 보였다. 3) 염색체 이상의 핵형별 분포는 상염색체 이상이 514례로 83.8%, 성염색체 이상이 98례로 16.2%이었다. 성염색체 이상 중 Down 증후군이 86.8%로 가장 많았고 다음은 E군, D군, B군, A군, C군 이상 순이었다. 성염색체 이상은 Turner 증후군, Klinefelter 증후군, Fragile X 증후군이었다. 4) 가장 많았던 Down 증후군의 핵형별 빈도는 21 삼체성이 88.5%, 전좌형이 9.7%, mosaicism이 1.8%였다. 27례의 E군 이상 중 Edwards 증후군은 12례, 18p 단체성은 8례, 기타가 7례 였다. 15례의 D군 이상 중 Patau 증후군은 9례, 기타가 6례였다. 5) Turner 증후군은 57례 중 45,X가 19례로 33.3%였고 이형은 38례로 66.7%였다. Klinefelter 증후군은 32례 모두 47,XXY의 핵형이었다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2011

Objectives: In this study, the in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration (CA) assay was conducted to gain additional information concerning the hazards associated with the use of cyclopentane and ammonium nitrate. While these two chemicals had already been tested by many methods, they had not been studied in the CA test. Methods: The assay was performed using the ovarian infantile cell (CHO-K1 cell), by the direct method (-S9) and by the metabolic activated method (+S9 mix). Results: Using the direct method, the 7 dosages in a 48 hour treatment group did not show that the frequency of CA is proportion to the dosage addition. The frequency of CA is not proportion to the dosage addition for a 6 hour treatment using the metabolic activated method. Conclusion: From these findings, it was decided that the 2 chemicals do not induce chromosomal aberrations under the tested conditions.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the mutagenic potential of dimethyl isophthalate (DMIP) using Ames bacterial reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration test and mouse lymphoma $tk^{+/-}$ gene assay. As results, in Ames bacterial reversion assay, DMIP was tested up to the concentration of 5,000 ${\mu}g$/plate and did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA with or without metabolic activation (S9 mix). Using cytotoxicity test, the maximal doses of DMIP for chromosomal aberration assay were determined at 1,250 ${\mu}g/mL$, which was a minimum precipitation concentration ($IC_{50}>1,940\;{\mu}g/mL$ or 10 mM) and at 155 ${\mu}g/mL$ ($IC_{50}:155\;{\mu}g/mL$) in the presence and the absence, respectively, of S9 mix. DMIP in the presence of S9 mix induced statistically significant (P<0.001) increases in the number of cells with chromosome aberrations at the dose levels of over 250 ${\mu}g/mL$, when compared with the negative control. However, DMIP in the absence of S9 mix did not caused significant induction in chromosomal aberrant cells. In MLA, DMIP at the dose range of 242.5-1,940 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the presence of S9 mix induced statistically significant increases in mutation frequencies related to small colony growth, whereas any significant mutation frequency was not observed in absence of S9 mix. From these results, it is conclusively suggested that dimethyl isophthalate may be a clastogen rather than a point mutagen.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2008

Smoke flavors based on the thermal decomposition of wood have been applied to a variety of food products as an alternative for traditional smoking. Despite its increasing use, the available genotoxicity data on wood smoke flavors (WSF) are still controversial. Thus, potential genotoxic effects of WSF in four short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays were investigated, which included the Ames assay, chromosomal aberration assay, micronucleus test and the alkaline comet assay. WSF did not cause any mutation in the Ames assay using five tester strains at six concentrations of 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 ${\mu}l/plate$. To assess clastogenic effect, the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay was performed using Chinese hamster lung cells. No statistically significant increase in the number of metaphases with structural aberrations was observed at the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 ${\mu}l/ml$. The in vitro comet assay and micronucleus test results obtained on L5178Y cells also revealed that WSF has no genotoxicity potential, although there was a marginal increase in micronuclei frequencies and DNA damage in the respective micronucleus and comet assays. Taken together, based on the results obtained from these four in vitro studies, it is concluded that WSF is not a mutagenic agent in bacterial cells and causes no chromosomal and DNA damage in mammalian cells in vitro.