• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 1992

This study was to examine the dry cleaning resistance of chrome bonding in the chrome-tanned garment leathers, and to analyze their chrome content. The results are as follows: 1. The average percentage of the chrome content (as $Cr_2O_3$) in the chrome-tanned garment leathers was 2.7%. 2. By the dry cleaning treatment and its numbers, the values of chrome content were little affected. 3. The resistance against dry cleaning with perchloroethylene $(Cl_2C = CCl_2)$ of samples was confirmed.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2010

The hot corrosion properties of heat-resistant steels were investigated in an oxidation atmosphere including artificial ash and sulfur dioxide. The heat-resistant steels of T22, T92, T122, T347HFG, Super304H and HR3C were evaluated at 620, 670 and $720^{\circ}C$ for 400 hours. The relationship between the corrosion rate and the temperature followed a bell-shaped curve with a peak rate at around $670^{\circ}C$. The corrosion rates showed a decreasing tendency as the chrome contents of these steels increased from 2.15 wt.% to 24.5 wt.%, and austenitic steels had a lower corrosion rate than ferritic steels. Sulfidation by $SO_2$ as well as molten salt corrosion also had an effect on the total corrosion rate, especially showing an increase in the corrosion rate in ferritic steels. Regardless of the chrome content in the steels and irrespective of the test temperature, the corrosion scale was composed of an outer oxide and an artificial ash mixed layer, a middle oxide layer and inner sulfide, and a mixed oxide layer. As the chrome content increased, the proportion of chrome oxide in the corrosion scale increased. Before spalling of the corrosion scale, voids and cracks were initiated in the sulfide and the mixed oxide layer or at the interface with the substrate.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.74-78
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• 1997

This study was performed to obtain the basic data of the effect of antimicrobic finishing on chrome-tanned leather for apparel. This study was to examine the effect of conditions of antimicrobic finishing on content of antimicrobic agents in the specimen by analysis and on the antimicrobic activity of specimens by means of shake flask test. The optimum conditions of antimicrobic finishing were found to be ; the concentration of Si-QAC-0.5%(o.w.f.), treating time-30minute, and drying method-air drying.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2015

Due to excellent abrasion resistance the high-chrome white irons are widely used in mining and mineral industries. Minor variation of carbon content in 28% chrome white iron resulted in difference in primarily solidified microstructure. Sub-eutectic (hypoeutectic) composition led to formation of primarily solidified dendrites. Formation of primarily solidified dendrites which were supersaturated with carbon and chrome also caused precipitation of fine secondary carbides that are different from relatively large plate type $M_7C_3$ carbides in the eutectic structure. Small portion of primarily solidified dendrite expected to contribute significantly to the improvement of abrasion resistance of the white iron because the dendrites provided mechanical support to carbides. The relative fraction of primary dendrite increased with reduction of carbon content from the eutectic composition. The increased fraction of primary dendrite increased hardness value of the white irons.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.670-677
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• 2006

Vacuum interrupters are used in various switch-gear components such as circuit breakers, distribution switches, contactors. The electrodes of a vacuum interrupter are manufactured of sinter-forged Cu-Cr material for good electrical and mechanical characteristics. Since the closing velocity is 1-2m/s and impact deformation of the electrode depends on the strain-rate at the given velocity, the dynamic material property of the sinter-forged Cu-Cr alloy is important to design the vacuum interrupter reliably and to identify the impact characteristics of a vacuum interrupter accurately. This paper is concerned with the dynamic material properties of sinter-forged Cu-Cr alloy for various strain rates. The amount of chrome is varied from 10 wt% to 30 wt% in order to investigate the influence of the chrome content on the dynamic material property. The high speed tensile test machine is utilized in order to identify the dynamic property of the Cu-Cr alloy at the intermediate strain-rate and the split Hopkinson pressure bar is used at the high strain-rate. Experimental results from both the quasi-static and the high strain-rate up to the 5000/sec are interpolated with respect to the amount of chrome in order to construct the Johnson-Cook and the modified Johnson-Cook model as the constitutive relation that should be applied to numerical simulation of the impact behavior of electrodes.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1998

본 연구는 피혁 폐기물로부터 크롬 이온을 분리한 상태로 Collagen을 추출할 수 있는 최적 조건에 관한 것이다. Collagen 추출에 있어 온도, pH, 그리고 알칼리 용액 농도의 영향을 실험했다. 실험결과 점도측정에 의해 초기 변성온도는 $25^{\circ}C$, 완전 변성온도는 $31.5^{\circ}C$였다. Collagen 추출의 최적조건은 가용화 온도 $15^{\circ}C{\sim}20^{\circ}C$, pH 1.5, 알칼리 용액 3%였다. PH 1.5에서 크롬 이온이 거의 분리되었다. 탄닌 폐기물로부터 크롬 이온의 분리효율은 99.5% 이상이었다. 피혁 폐기물로부터 조단백질의 추출율은 89.%이었다. 추출된 조단백질내에 hydroxyprolne과 collagen의 함량은 각각 8.53%, 63.62%였다.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.3-17
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• 2021

APT(advanced persistent threat) 공격이란 잠행적이고 지속적인 컴퓨터 해킹 프로세스들의 집합으로 특정 실체를 목표로 행해지는 공격이다[1]. 이러한 APT 공격은 대개 스팸 메일과 위장된 배너 광고 등 다양한 방식을 통해서 이뤄진다. 대부분 송장, 선적 서류(Shipment Document), 구매 주문서(P.O.-Purchase Order) 등으로 위장한 스팸 메일을 통해 유포되기 때문에 파일 이름도 동일하게 위와 같은 이름이 사용된다. 그리고 이러한 정보탈취형(Infostealer) 공격이 가장 2021년 2월 첫째 주 가장 많이 발견된 악성 코드였다[2]. Content Disarm & Reconstruction(이하 CDR)은 백신, 샌드박스에서 막아내지 못한 보안 위협에 대하여 파일 내 잠재적 보안 위협 요소를 원천 제거 후 안전한 파일로 재조합하여 악성코드 감염 위험을 사전에 방지할 수 있는 '콘텐츠 무해화 & 재조합' 기술이다. 글로벌 IT 자문기관 '가트너(Gartner)'에서는 첨부파일 형태의 공격에 대한 솔루션으로 CDR을 추천하고 있다. Open source로 공개된 CDR 기법을 사용하는 프로그램으로 'Dangerzone'이 있다. 해당 프로그램은 대부분의 문서 파일의 확장자를 지원하지만, 한국에서 많이 사용되는 HWP 파일의 확장자를 지원하지 않고 있다. 그리고 Gmail은 악성 URL을 1차적으로 차단해주지만 Naver, Daum 등의 메일 시스템에서는 악성 URL을 차단하지 않아 손쉽게 악성 URL을 유포할 수 있다. 이러한 문제점에서 착안하여 APT 공격을 예방하기 위한 HWP 확장자를 지원하는 'Dangerzone' 프로그램, Naver, Daum 메일 내 URL 검사, 배너형 광고 차단의 기능을 수행하는 Chrome extension을 개발하는 프로젝트를 진행했다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.10-15
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• 1991

This study was to examine the anti-bacteria effect and the changes of chemical properties of chrome-tanned garment leathers on the preservative treatment. Various test methods, such as investigation of preservative treatment process, resistance test and chemical analysis by cleaning, antbbacterial test by shake flask method are carried out in this study. The results can be obtained as follows: 1. Bacterial reduction percentage of chrome-tanned garment leathers on the preservative treatment was 28.6%. 2. In the antbbacterial effect by dry cleaning, preservative treated leathers has no resistance. 3. Fats content has been removed by dry cleaning using perchloroethylene, so garment leathers properties were altered. 4. PH value was changed by dry cleaning. But once after fats removing, it was changed the little by dry cleaning numbers.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 1974

A study was carried out to determine the content of Mn and Cr in the ground water in Seoul area, where municipal water supply system was not installed, from Nov. 1 to Nov. 30, 1973. In this study, authors examined the hardness, pH, water temperature and Cl ion to investigate the general conditions of the ground water. For this study, samples were collected from 46 wells which were located in outpart of Seoul city, and Mn and Cr were determined with the Spectronic-20. The following results were obtained: 1) Average value of the ground water conditions of the wells were 13.3$\circ$C in temperature, pH 6.3, hardness 159 ppm and Cl ion 41 ppm. 2) In the manganese concentration, the highest area was Yeongdeungpo-Ku(0.318 ppm), while the lowest area was Sungbuk-Ku(0.065 ppm) and the mean concentration of the whole district was 0.196 ppm. 3) In the chrome concentration, the highest area was Yeongdeungpo-Ku(0.031 ppm), while the lowest area was Dobong-Ku (trace) and the mean concentration of the whole district was 0.012 ppm.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2015

The content of hazardous heavy metal of materials used in playground facility for children was investigated using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyses, In order to examine the content of hazardous heavy metals according to the material color, four colors, i.e., green, red, yellow and blue, were categorized on the materials used. The highest lead content is observed in the yellow plastic samples. The yellow samples with relatively high lead content show that the chrome content is also high. This can explained that lead chromate, so-called chromium yellow, is normally used as a main pigment to express the yellow color. Therefore, it is concluded that hazardous heavy metal detected in the materials of playground facility for children is due to the pigments used for coloring. Based on above findings, the relationship between the color of materials used in playground facility for children and the content of hazardous heavy metal is discussed.