• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1227-1250
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• 2016

Most of the research work has been conducted on K-joints under static loading. Very limited information is available in consideration of fatigue strength of K-joints with concrete-filled chord. This paper aims to describe experimental and numerical investigations on stress concentration factors (SCFs) of concrete-filled circular chord and square braces K-joints under balanced axial loading. Experiment was conducted to study the hot spot stress distribution along the intersection of chord and braces in the two specimens with compacting concrete filled in the chord. The test results of stress distribution curves of two specimens were reported. SCFs of concrete-filled circular chord and square braces K-joints were lower than those of corresponding hollow circular chord and square brace K-joints. The corresponding finite element analysis was also conducted to simulate stress distribution along the brace and chord intersection region of joints. It was achieved that experimental and finite element analysis results had good agreement. Therefore, an extensive parametric study was carried out by using the calibrated finite element model to evaluate the effects of main geometric parameters and concrete strength on the behavior of concrete-filled circular chord and square braces K-joints under balanced axial loading. The SCFs at the hot spot locations obtained from ABAQUS were compared with those calculated by using design formula given in the CIDECT for hollow SHS-SHS K-joints. CIDECT Design Guide was generally quite conservative for predicting SCFs of braces and was dangerous for predicting SCFs of chord in concrete-filled circular chord and square braces K-joints. Finally SCF formulae were proposed for circular chord and square braces K-joints with concrete-filled in the chord under balanced axial loading. It is shown that the SCFs calculated from the proposed design equation are generally in agreement with the values derived from finite element analysis, which were proved to be reliable and accurate.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

In this paper, search-efficient Bi-directional-Chord(B-Chord) is proposed in P2P (peer-to-Peer) overlay network. Chord is the most popular P2P Look-up protocol. However, it applied to the mobile environment, the search success rate become lower and the request delay time increases. That is big problem. Thus, by improving the existing Chord, in this paper proposed B-Chord reduces the request delay time to in a mobile environment. Proposed B-Chord have the two Finger table and can search by selecting Finger table depending on the value of Key. By use these bi-directional, it can reduce the number of nodes Hop and search delay time. Thus, As a result, it will be able to increase the search success rate in a mobile environment.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

Due to the increasing use of smart phones, using Wifi, Wibro of mobile devices spread. Accordingly, Need of using peer-to-peer file sharing between mobile devices is growing. However, common Peer-to-Peer(P2P) system is too complex and is not suitable to be applied to mobile devices. Thus, the need of research has shown to improve way in a mobile environment that has a constraints as mobility and the scope of communication. Among them, there is a Chord as contents look up algorithm. Chord is the issue. Chord as the DHT-based P2P protocol shares files, index-key and distributed key across the network. However, exist Chord doesn't consider the mobility. So, It has a lot of problems in the mobile environment. Thus, in this paper, I will try to explore an appropriate way of Chord in a mobile environment.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권4B호
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• pp.333-343
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• 2006

MANET과 P2P응용 모두 고정된 인프라에 의존하지 않고, 각 노드들의 동작만으로 전체 네트워크를 유지한다. 이러한 공통적인 특징을 바탕으로, P2P 응용을 MANET상의 대표적인 응용의 사례로 볼 수 있다. 여러 P2P 구조들 중에서 중앙의 인덱스 서버를 사용하는 방식의 경우 신뢰성 있는 노드가 필요한데 MANET의 특성상 신뢰성있는 노드를 찾을 수 없다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 완전 분산형의 신뢰성 높은 P2P 검색을 위해 DHT기반의 P2P 색인 프로토콜인 Chord를 사용한 P2P 파일 공유 응용을 설계하였다. Chord는 공유할 파일의 key들을 네트워크 전체에 분산하여 저장하고 이를 검색하는 방법을 제안하고 있다. 하지만 Chord 색인 프로토콜을 노드들의 가입과 탈퇴가 빈번히 발생하는 MANET환경에 적용할 경우 노드가 탈퇴할 때 그 노드가 저장하고 있던 key들이 손실되는 문제가 발생한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 임의의 네트워크를 떠나는 노드가 네트워크가 떠나는 상황을 인식하고, 그 노드가 저장하고 있던 key들을 복구하여 지속적인 P2P 색인 서비스가 가능하도록 하는 BU-Chord 메커니즘을 제안한다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제22권4E호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2003

As music of digital form has been widely used, many people have been interested in the automatic extraction of natural information of music itself, such as key of a music, chord progression, melody progression, tempo, etc. Although some studies have been tried, consistent and reliable results of musical information extraction had not been achieved. In this paper, we propose a method to extract chord and tempo information from general polyphonic music signals. Chord can be expressed by combination of some musical notes and those notes also consist of some frequency components individually. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the frequency components included in musical signal for the extraction of chord information. In this study, we utilize a sinusoidal modeling, which uses sinusoids corresponding to frequencies of musical tones, and show reliable chord extraction results of sinusoidal modeling. We could also find that the tempo of music, which is the one of remarkable feature of music signal, interactively supports the chord extraction idea, if used together. The proposed scheme of musical feature extraction is able to be used in many application fields, such as digital music services using queries of musical features, the operation of music database, and music players mounting chord displaying function, etc.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1319-1320
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• 2013

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2012년도 춘계학술논문집 1부
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• pp.14-16
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 현재 Jazz에서 사용되어지는 Major Scale에서 나오는 7개 Chord Scale과 Melodic Minor Scale의 상행인 Jazz Minor Scale에서 나오는 7개 Chord Scale과는 별도로 Harmonic Minor Scale에서 정리해 보았다.

• 공학논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2006

분산해쉬테이블 기반의 구조적 P2P 시스템의 대표적인 예로 Chord 시스템은 이동성에 대한 고려가 없다. 이로 인해 이동 노드가 이동하여 새로운 IP를 갖게 된다면 이동 노드뿐만 아니라 네트워크 자체에도 성능 저하를 유발할 수 있다. Chord 뿐만 아니라 대부분의 P2P 시스템 모델에서 이동 노드의 이동성에 대한 고려 없이 고정 노드만으로 구성되는 시스템으로 연구되어 왔고 최근 들어 P2P 시스템에서 이동성에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 구조적 P2P 시스템의 하나인 Chord 시스템에서 이동성을 지원하기 위한 방안을 제안한다. 이동 노드는 네트워크에 이미 존재하는 고정 노드를 부모 노드로 하여 네트워크에 참여하고, 부모 노드를 통해 서비스를 요구 혹은 제공하도록 한다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1017-1029
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• 2016

When a welded circular hollow section (CHS) tubular joint is subjected to brace axial loading, failure position is located usually at the weld toe on the chord surface due to the weak flexural stiffness of the thin-walled chord. The failure mode is local yielding or buckling in most cases for a tubular joint subjected to axial load at the brace end. Especially when a cyclic axial load is applied, fracture failure at the weld toe may occur because both high stress concentration and welding residual stress along the brace/chord intersection cause the material in this region to become brittle. To improve the ductility as well as to increase the static strength, a tubular joint can be reinforced by increasing the chord thickness locally near the brace/chord intersection. Both experimental investigation and finite element analysis have been carried out to study the hysteretic behaviour of the reinforced tubular joint. In the experimental study, the hysteretic performance of two full-scale circular tubular T-joints subjected to cyclic load in the axial direction of the brace was investigated. The two specimens include a reinforced specimen by increasing the wall thickness of the chord locally at the brace/chord intersection and a corresponding un-reinforced specimen. The hysteretic loops are obtained from the measured load-displacement curves. Based on the hysteretic curves, it is found that the reinforced specimen is more ductile than the un-reinforced one because no fracture failure is observed after experiencing similar loading cycles. The area enclosed by the hysteretic curves of the reinforced specimen is much bigger, which shows that more energy can be dissipated by the reinforced specimen to indicate the advantage of the reinforcing method in resisting seismic action. Additionally, finite element analysis is carried out to study the effect of the thickness and the length of the reinforced chord segment on the hysteretic behaviour of CHS tubular T-joints. The optimized reinforcing method is recommended for design purposes.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제16C권6호
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• pp.761-772
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• 2009

분산 해쉬 테이블(DHT : Distributed Hash Table) 기반의 P2P는 기존 Unstructured P2P 방식의 단점을 보완하기 위한 방식이다. DHT 알고리즘을 사용하면 빠른 데이터 검색을 할 수 있고, 피어 개수에 무관하게 검색 효율을 유지할 수 있다. DHT 방식의 피어들은 라우팅 테이블을 최신으로 유지하기 위해 주기적으로 메시지를 보낸다. 모바일 환경의 경우, DHT방식의 피어들은 라우팅 테이블을 최신으로 유지하고 요청 실패를 줄이기 위해서 빠른 주기로 메시지를 보내야 한다. 하지만 이로 인해, 네트워크의 트래픽은 증가하게 된다. 본 연구자들은 기존 연구에서 리액티브 라우팅 테이블 업데이트 방식을 이용하여 기존 Chord에서의 라우팅 테이블 업데이트에 따른 부하를 줄이는 기법을 제안하였으나, 초당 요청 메시지 개수가 많아지게 되면 기존의 방식보다 트래픽 양이 많아지게 되는 단점을 가진다. 이에 본 논문에서는 전체 네트워크의 트래픽을 줄이기 위한 적응적인 라우팅 테이블 업데이트 방식을 제안한다. 본 연구자들은 제안된 방법에서 초당 요청 메시지의 개수에 따라 라우팅 테이블 업데이트 방식을 바꾸는 것을 제안하였다. 적응적인 Chord는 초당 요청 메시지의 개수가 어느 임계값보다 작아지면 리액티브 Chord를 사용하고, 그 반대의 경우에는 기존의 Chord를 사용하는 방식이다. 실험은 버클리 대학에서 만들어진 Chord 시뮬레이터(I3)를 이용하여 수행하였고, 실험을 통하여 제안된 방식이 기존 방식에 비해 성능이 향상되었음을 확인하였다.