• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Natto supplementation on lipid metabolism in rats. Male rats were fed on casein(CON group), steamed soybean(SS group), conventional Natto(N-1 group), garlic(2%) added Natto(N-2 group), red pepper oleoresin(0.2%) added Natto(N-3 group) and galic(2%) and red pepper oleoresin(0.2%) added Natto(N-4 group) as a protein source for 4 weeks. Serum and liver cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the experimental groups than in the control group. Especially, dietary N-2, N-3 and N-4, compared with CON, reduced markedly the concentration of serum cholesterol. The concentration of serum HDL-cholesterol was higher markedly in the N-4 group than in the control group. The concentration of serum triglyceride was significantly lower in the N-1, N-2, N-3 and N-4 groups than in the control group. Garlic and red pepper added Natto fed groups(N-2, N-3, N-4) showed more excreion of fecal bile acid when compared with those values of casein fed group. The results indicate that spice added Natto supplementation may have more beneficial roles in lipid metabolism through reduced cholesterol levels and increased fecal bile acid excretion.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.644-651
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• 2000

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of fractions of methanol(MeOH) extracts of Lycopus lucidic Turcz on hyperglycemia and energy metabolites in streptozotocin(STZ) diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-220 g by an injection of STZ dissolved in a citrate buffer into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg of body weight, and the rats were divided into 7 groups, that is, one normal group and 6 diabetic groups: STZ-control, hexane, chloroform(CHCl$\sub$3/). ethylacetate(EtOAc), butanol(BuOH) and H$\sub$2/O fraction-fed groups. All groups were fed an AIN-93 diet and the fractions of Lycopus lucidic Turcz were administered orally with 2 % Tween 80 for 14 days after the STZ injection. Body weight, diet intake and organ weights were monitored. The plasma levels of blood glucose, insulin and protein were determined. The plasma concentrations of cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acid were assayed. The plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) were also measured. Body weight losses were observed by feeding the fractions of Lycopus lucidic Turcz in STZ experimental groups, and the kidney weight was increased. The extent of blood glucose decrement was significantly greater in the hexane and BuOH fraction-fed groups than STZ-control group. The plasma protein level was significantly lower in the H$\sub$2/O fraction-fed group. The plasma cholesterol level was decreased in BuOH and H$\sub$2/O fraction-fed groups compared with the STZ-control group. The levels of free fatty acids in the CHC1$\sub$3/ and H$\sub$2/O fraction-fed groups were significantly decreased(p<0.05). ALT activitiy of BuOH fraction-fed group was lower than control but it was not significantly different. These results suggest that the fractions of Lycopus lucidic Turcz are capable of lowering blood glucose and fat metabolites concentrations when administered to STZ-treated rats, and AST/ALT activity and insulin levels show the possibility of therapeutic use to diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 1998

Our previous study demonstrated that dietary taurine or glycine supplementation significantly lowered plasma and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. In the present study, the effect of long term dietary taurine or glycine supplementation, for the purpose of preventing and/or treating of hyperlipidemia and other known biological functions, on plasma and hepatic free amino acid concentrations and profiles were evaluated in rats. Three groups of male rats(110-130g) were fed a control diet(CD), taurine-supplemented diets(TSD ; CD+ 1.5% taurine) or glycine-supplemented diet(GSD ; CD+1.5% glycine) for 5 weeks. Plasma and hepatic free amino acid concentrations were determined by an automated amino acid analyzer based on ion-exchange chormatography. The feeding of TSD for 5 weeks yielded a 444% higher plasma taurine concentration , and the feeding GSD for the same period resulted in a 143% higher plasma glycine level in rats compared to those fed DB. Hepatic taurine concentration was significantly higher in rats fed TSD(145% increase) compared to the control rats. However, hepatic glycine concentration was not influenced by dietary glycine supplementation , which implies that the massive dose of glycine entering the body was more rapidly metabolized or excreted than taurein. Dietary taurine or glycine supplementation resulted in similar changes in plasma free amino acid concentrations, except in levels of taurine and glycine. Plasma levels of histidine, lysine, phenylalanine , alanine, proline, hydroxypoline, $\alpha$-aminogutyric acid, cystathionine and ethanolamine were significantly higher in rats fed TSD or GSD than those fed GD. Glycine supplementation did not change hepatic free amino acid concentrations as compared to CD. Concentrations of most hepatic free amino acids were not influenced by dietary taurine supplementation with the exception of significantly higher levels of asparate and tyrosine(56-63% increase) and lower levels of histidine and glutamate(33-34% decrease) compared to the control rats. These results suggest long-term dietary taurine or glycine supplementation resulted in increases in most plasma free amino acid levels, but did not cause a characteristic change in plasma aminogram pattern compared to rats fed CD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.585-592
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• 1993

In order to investigate the hypocholesteremic effect of soybean perptides, soybean protein(ISP), casein(CNP), their peptic hydrolyzates fractionated by acid precipitation at different pH's(SHT, SH8, SH6, SH4, CHT, CH5, CH4) and amino acid mixtures of the same composition as the proteins(SAA, CAA) were fed to rats and the concentration of serum cholesterol was measured. Then in vitro digestibility and molecular weight distribution of the peptides by pepticpancreatic hydrolysis was measured by FPLC. The lower the in vitro digestibility of peptides is, the lower the concentration of serum cholesterol becomes(r=0.986) and the higher the ratio of macropeptides is, the lower the concentration of serum cholesterol becomes(r=-0.932) in rats. These results suggest that the in vitro digestibility of peptides has close relationship to the concentration of serum cholesterol in rats and non-digestible meacropeptides or polypeptides especially more than 1 kDa, formed through digestion in gut, may lower the serum cholesterol in rats.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2002

This present study was carried out to investigate the body weight-regulatory effects of Glechoma longituba in high fat diet-induced obese rats. Control group rats were fed with high fat diet and administered normal saline for 8weeks. Experimental groups rats were fed with high fat diet and administered extract of Glechoma longituba for 8 weeks. And observed that, body weight of rats and total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, phospholipid in serum of rats. The results were as follows: 1. There were decrease of body weight of rats in GL group, but these results showed no significant efficacy. 2. There were significant decrease of serum total cholesterol level in GL group. 3. There were decrease of serum triglyceride level in GL group, but these results showed no significant efficacy. 4. There were decrease of serum free fatty acid level in GL group. but these results showed no significant efficacy. 5. There were significant decrease of serum phospholipid level in GL group. According to above mentioned results, Glechoma longituba is expected to be applied to the prevention or treatment of obesity and its complications.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.443-450
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• 2011

The effects of dietary supplementation with Hizikia fusiformis on anti-hyperlipidemic activities were investigated in an animal study in which normal rats were fed Hizikia fusiformis, Hizikia fusiformis ethanol extract and Hizikia fusiformis ethanol extract residue. Serum total lipid and triglyceride levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in rats fed Hizikia fusiformis ethanol extract residue at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight when compared to hyperlipidemic control rats. There were also significant decreases in serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in the rats fed Hizikia fusiformis ethanol extract residue at 200 mg/kg body weight. In addition, the atheroscrelosis index and superoxide dismutase in blood lipids were significantly (P<0.05) lowered in rats fed Hizikia fusiformis ethanol extract residue at 200 mg/kg body weight, as compared to control rats. In conclusion, Hizikia fusiformis and Hizikia fusiformis ethanol extract residue had beneficial antihyperlipidemic and antiarteriosclerosis effects.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.235-241
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• 2011

The anti-hyperlipidemic effects of dietary supplementation with sea tangle Laminaria japonica were investigated using an animal model in which normal rats were fed either sea tangle, sea tangle ethanol extract (EE-ST) and sea tangle extracted residue (ER-ST). Total lipid and triglyceride levels in the serum were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in rats fed ER-ST at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight when compared to hyperlipidemic control rats. Significant decreases in serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels also occurred in rats fed ER-ST at 200 mg/kg body weight. In addition, the atherosclerosis index and superoxide dismutase in blood lipids were significantly (P < 0.05) lowered in rats fed ER-ST at 200 mg/kg body weight as compared to control rats. In conclusion, sea tangle and ER-ST exhibited beneficial anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-arteriosclerosis effects.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the changes of the serological lipid-related parameters of the rats when they were fed with the high fat diets supplemented with or without naringin for five weeks. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats($272.2{\pm}7.2$ g of body weight) were randomly divided into three groups(eight rats per each group) : control(C) group and two treatment groups. Rats in the C group were fed with the high-fat diet containing 15% lard, 1% cholesterol and 0.5% sodium cholate(w/w) which was modified from the formula of the American Institute of Nutrition-76(AIN-76) diet. Rats in treatment groups were fed with above diet supplemented with 0.1% naringin(N-0.1) or 0.2% naringin(N-0.2) on the weight to weight basis, respectively. The supplementation of naringin did not induce any significant difference on the final body weight, gain of body weight, the amount of feed intake and the feed efficiency of rats in between control and treatment groups. In addition the levels of glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin(A/G) ratio in sera of rats showed no significant differences between control and treatment groups. The levels of total cholesterol(TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)in sera of rats in both N-0.1 and N-0.2 groups were significantly lower than in C group(p<0.05). The levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) were significantly higher in both N-0.1 and N-0.2 groups than in C group(p<0.05). The values of atherogenic index(AI) were significantly lower in both N-0.1 and N-0.2 groups than in C group(p<0.05). The levels of triglyceride in sera of rats showed no significant differences between control and treatment groups. The values of AST and ALT were significantly lower in both N-0.1 and N-0.2 groups than in C group(p<0.05). Therefore the supplementation of naringin to high fat diet in rats reduced effectively the serum lipid levels such as TC and LDL-C and AI which were regarded as to cause the cardiovascular diseases, and moreover it elevated the HDL-C value effectively which was regarded to protect cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2004

The effects of liquid culture of Coriolus versicolor on weight gain, food intakes, food efficiency ratios, serum and hepatic lipid concentrations, serum protein levels and serum enzyme activities, were studied in growing male rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were given four different types of diets for a succeeding period of 5 weeks, respectively: a normal diet group (7% corn oil), a high fat diet group (7% corn oil＋15% lard), a 20% or 30% C. versicolor diet groups (high fat diet＋20% or 30% C. versicolor in water) according to the levels of C. versicolor supplementation. The body weight gains of the rats fed the 30% C. versicolor diets were lower than those in the rats fed high fat diet. The epididymal fat pad weight of the rats fed high fat diet and 20% or 30% C. versicolor diets were significantly higher than that of the rats fed normal diet. The concentrations of triglyceride in the serum and the liver of the rats fed the 30% C. versicolor diets were more significantly decreased compared to rats on the high fat diet. The concentrations of total cholesterol in the serum and the liver of rats fed the high fat diet, 20% and 30% C. versicolor diets were similar to those of rats fed the normal diet. The HDL-cholesterol concentration and the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio of the rats fed 20% and 30% C. versicolor diets were significantly lower than those of the rats fed high fat diet. But the antherogenic index of the rats fed 20% or 30% C. versicolor diets were significantly higher than those of the rats fed high fat diet. There were no differences in the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum among the experimental groups. These results showed that the 30% C. versicolor diet feeding decreased the triglyceride in serum and liver of the rats.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2010

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds on the antioxidative defense system and oxidative stress in rats fed a high fat high cholesterol diet. Rats were divided into four experimental groups which were composed of high fat high cholesterol diet group (HF), high fat high cholesterol diet with 0.1% ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented group (HEA), high fat high cholesterol diet with 0.2% ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented group (HEB) and high fat high cholesterol diet with 0.5% ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented group (HEC). Supplementation of ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds groups (HEA, HEB and HEC) resulted in significantly increased activities of hepatic glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Hepatic superoxide radical contents in microsome and mitochondria were significantly reduced in the groups supplemented with red pepper seeds ethanol extracts. Hepatic hydrogen peroxide content in the mitochondria was reduced in ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented groups. TBARS values in the liver were reduced in red pepper seeds ethanol extracts supplemented groups. Especially, HEB and HEC groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. Hepatic carbonyl values were significantly reduced in mitochondria in these supplemented groups. These results suggest that red pepper seeds ethanol extracts may reduce oxidative damage, by activation of antioxidative defense system in rats fed high fat high cholesterol diets.