• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.377-386
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Indongcho(L. japonica Thunb) powder on blood glucose, serum lipid levels and antioxidative enzymes in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Four groups of rats(3-week-old inbred Sprague-Dawley male rats) were normal rats fed control diet(NC), diabetic rats fed control diet(DC), normal rats fed Indongcho powder diet(NI), and diabetic rats fed Indongcho powder diet(DI). Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin(60mg/kg B.W., i.p.). The animals were fed ad libium each of the experimental diet for 5 weeks. Food and water intakes were determined everyday. Blood glucose and serum total cholesterol levels were determined every week. After 5 weeks the animals were sacrificed and activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were determined in their liver and kidney homogenates. We also determined serum concentrations of total lipid(TL), total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG) and HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C). Blood sugar and water intake were higher in diabetic group(DC and DI group) than normal group(NC and NI group) and were not significantly decreased by dietary Indongcho intake. Body weight gain and FER(feed efficiency ratio) were reduced by STZ treatment. But, Final body weight was recovered by Indongcho-contained diet. LHR(LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol) of the DI g re up was significantly lower than the other experimental groups(NC, NI and DC groups). The hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activity of the groups fed Indongcho diet(NI and DI group) was lower than the groups fed control diet(NC and DC group) and the G6Pase activity of NI group was recovered to the normal levels(p<0.05). However, The glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and glutathione reductase(GR) activities in liver and G6Pase activity in kidney were not statistically different between the control and diabetic control groups. Renal GST activity of the DI group was recovered by Indongcho intake. In conclusion, these results confirm oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of rats with STZ diabetes and antioxidative effect of Indongcho.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.210-213
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of isolated protein from white rice on lipid metabolism in a hypercholesterolemic animal model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed either a normal diet or a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) containing either casein or isolated rice protein for 4 weeks. Compared with rats fed a HCD with casein, the total cholesterol (TC) level in the plasma was significantly reduced in the rats fed rice protein. However, no significant differences were observed in the triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and glucose levels among the experimental groups. Hepatic total lipids and TC levels were significantly decreased by supplementation with rice protein. In addition, rice protein significantly increased the levels of TC and bile acids in the feces. These results suggest that rice protein may improve HCD-induced hypercholesterolemia by enhancing fecal excretion of cholesterol.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 1984

Effects of garlic on hypocholesterolemia, anticoagulation and hypoglycemia were studied in the present experiments using male rats. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The supplementation of $2{\sim}4%$ garlic to 2% cholesterol diets did not affect food intake and weight gain in male rats. 2. Rat's groups fed the diets supplemented with $2{\sim}3%$ garlic (C.D.E.F) to 2% cholesterol diet (B) decreased serum total cholesterol levels by $16{\sim}32%$, triglyceride levels by $18.6{\sim}26.8%$ and ${\beta}/{\alpha}-lipoportein$ rations by $42{\sim}58%$, but increased HDL-cholesterol levels by $29{\sim}65%$ as compared to B group, and so the author assumes that garlic supplementation exerts hypocholesterolemic effect on cholesterol - fed rats because of the increase of HDL and HDL - cholesterol levels. 3. Rat's groups fed the diets supplemented with $2{\sim}4%$ garlic (C.D.E.F) to 2% cholesterol plus 0.25% bile salt diet (B) increased whole blood coagulation times, prothrombin times and fibrinolytic activities, but decreased plasma fibrinogen levels as compared to B group, and so the author assumes that garlic supplementation exerts anticoagulative effect because of the inhibition of fibrinogen synthesis in male rat's liver. 4. Rat's groups fed the diets supplemented with $2{\sim}4%$ garlic (B.C.D.E) to standard diet (A) decreased serum glucose levels by $1{\sim}24%$, but increased serum insulin concentrations by $0.5{\sim}3.0$ times as compared to A group, and so the author assumes that garlic supplementation exerts hypoglycemic effect because of the increase of serum insulin levels by stimulation pancreatic secretion of insulin from ${\beta}-cells$ in the islets of Langerhans.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.479-483
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• 1994

The effects of the different protein source on serum cholesterol levels were studied in SD strain male rats. Fish protein prepared by the method of SUZUKI from Alaska Pollack (Theragra chalcogramma) was compared with casein and soybean protein isolate. Each protein source was incoporated into a cholesterol-free diet in order to provide a protein level of 20% for 2 weeks. The result obtained are as followed: Concentration of total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in rats fed with fish protein group were significantly lower than those of rats fed with casein and similar to those of rats fed with soybean protein. In addition, it was shown that the ratio of Lys/Arg and Gly/Met+Cys of fish protein was close to that of soybean protein.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.766-775
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• 2011

We investigated the effect of high molecular weight polygamma- glutamic acid (hm ${\gamma}$-PGA) on adiposity and lipid metabolism of rats in the presence of an obesity-inducing diet. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a normal-fat (11.4% kcal fat, NFC) or high-fat (51% kcal fat, HFC) diet. After 5 weeks, half of each diet-fed group was treated with hm ${\gamma}$-PGA (NFP or HFP) for 4 weeks. The HFC group had significantly higher body weight, visceral fat mass, fasting serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and leptin, and lower serum HDL cholesterol level compared with those of the NFC group (p < 0.05). Treatment with hm ${\gamma}$-PGA decreased body weight gain and perirenal fat mass (p<0.05), fasting serum total cholesterol, and mRNA expression of glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), regardless of dietary fat contents (p < 0.01). However, hm ${\gamma}$-PGA increased serum HDL cholesterol in the HFC group (p < 0.05). In vitro, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMGCoA) reductase activity was suppressed by the addition of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA. In agreement with observations in animal study, the supplementation of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA (150 mg/day) to 20 female subjects in an 8-week double-blind, placebocontrolled study resulted in a tendency to decrease total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations. We thus conclude that dietary supplementation of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA may act as a hypocholestrolemic agent, secondary to its inhibitor effect on HMG-CoA reductase, and decrease abdominal adiposity by decreasing hepatic lipogenesis. The present study is an important first step in establishing the effect of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA on cholesterol levels in rats and humans.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.242-246
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• 2009

This study examined the anti-diabetic effect of onion (Allium cepa. Linn) in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal rats fed control diet or supplemented with onion powder (7% w/w) and diabetic rats fed control diet or supplemented with onion powder. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, ip) in citrate buffer. The animals were fed each of the experimental diet for 5 weeks. Blood glucose levels of rats supplemented with onion were lower than those of rats fed control diet in the diabetic rats. Onion also decreased the total serum lipid, triglyceride, and atherogenic index and increased HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio in the diabetic rats. Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities were high in the diabetic rats compared to normal rats and reverted to near-control values by onion. These results indicate that onion decreased blood glucose, serum lipid levels and reduced renal oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats and this effect might exert the anti-diabetic effect of onion.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 1994

This stydy was performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of bovine milk on the atherosclerotic rats. Eighty male rats of 5-weeks of age were divided into 4 groups, control, active treatment control fed the atherogenic feed, and skim milk and whole milk groups fed powdered skim or whole milk mixed with the atherogenic feed and observed for 13 weeks. Growth, clinical and pathological changes of the rats were examined. Rats of the 4 groups did not show significant difference of feed intake and weight gain. The level of serum cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) fraction, and inorganics between skim milk and whole milk groups were not significantly different though significant difference was shown between active treatment control and milk groups. Milder calcification and nearosis in aorta, heart and kidney and fat degeneration in liver were seen in the milk groups than were in active treatment control. Marked difference, however, was not found between the skim milk and whole milk groups. Both powdered skim and whole milks could have a helpful effect of vitamin D2-and -cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in rats.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.201-212
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to find an effect of honey on the lipid metabolism of Sprague Dawley rats. All experimental rats were fed ad libitum, for seven weeks, 68% saccharide diet and 10% or 20% honey from acacia, sumac and miscelllaneous flower honey, respectively, and sucrose. The food efficiency ratio of rat taken diet with honey and high fructose of control group was increased in comparison with the control group. The concentration of cholesterol in serum of rats take총 diet with and high fructose of control group was more increased in comparison with the control and normal group. The concentration of H DL-cholesterol in serum of rats taken sumac honey was increased 57.0% in comparison with the control group, but the concentration of VLDL, LDL-cholesterol in serum of rats taken diet 10PA sumac honey was decreased 48.36% in comparison with the control group. The concentration of phospholipid in serum of rats taken diet with 20% acacia or 10% miscellaneous honey was increased 24.7, 16.25%, respectively, in comparison with the control group. The concentration of free fatty acid in serum of rats taken Inlet with sumac or miscellaneous honey and high fructose was increased in comparison with the comparison with the control group. The concentration supplemented diet with acasia honey was increase in comparison with the control group. The concentration of triglyceride in serum of rat was increased by feeding of honey. The concentration of triglyceride in liver was increased, but the level of phospholipid was decreased by feeding of honey.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-1
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• 1995

Casein or soybean protein was subjected to there action with caffeic acidtyrosinase system at 30-35$\circ$C, pH 6.8 with aeration for 5hr. The resulting brown proteins were washed with acetone until the washings were on longer colored. However, modified protein still retained a light brown. The effects of the modified proteins and brown compounds on male Wistar strain rats were studied by pair-feeding of a cholesterol-free diet for 14days. Significant decrease in protein digestibility for the rats fed with the modified proteins were observed. Weight gain and protein digestibility were not influenced by feeding brown compounds, but the feeding of brown compound from casein caused an enlargement of caecum. The concentrations of serum cholesterol and triglyceride in the rats fed with modified proteins and brown compounds were mostly unchanged against the rats fed with untreated proteins. These results suggest that the decrease in protein digestibility induced by enzymic browning-reaction did not cause the decrease in concentration of serum cholesterol.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.211-223
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of Rhizoma Arisaematis water extract on lipid and glucose metabolism and histochemical change of obese rats. Methods and materials : 10 rats were divided into normal, control and RA (Rhizoma Arisaematis) groups. We fed the control group a high-fat diet and administered normal saline for 8 weeks. We fed the experimental group of rats a high-fat diet and administered an extract of Rhizoma Arisaematis for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. The groups were examined for effects on blood serum lipids, blood sugar, blood insulin concentration and epididymal fat cells. Results : 1. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and glucose of the RA group decreased compared with those of the control group. These decreased rates were significant(P<0.05). 2. Serum LDL-cholesterol, total lipid, free fatty acid and the average size of epididymal fat cells of the RA group decreased compared with those of the control group. These decreased rates were significant(p<0.01). Conclusions : These results suggest that RA may be used to prevent or cure the obesity iniduced by a high-fat diet.