• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.322-327
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• 1999

토양에서 분리된 Streptomyces sp으로부터 cholesterol oxidase의 정제 및 효소학적 특성을 조사하였다. 본 효소의 정제는 50~80% 포화의 황산암모늄 침전 및 cholesterol affinity column chromatography를 통하여 28.3%의 수율로 정제 되었다. 정제된 효소는 SDS-PAGE에서 단일한 밴드를 보였으며 분저량은 약 60,000 dalton으로 추정되었으며, HPLC분석 결과 단일의 peak로 검출되었다. 본 효소의 특성을 검토한 결과, 금속 이온으로 Hg와 Cu의 존재시 크게 저해를 받았고, dithiothreitol 과 mercaptoethanol과 같은 저해제에 의해서 상당히 실활되었다. 본 cholesterol oxidase의 Michaelis 상수는 cholesterol을 기질로하여 Lineweaver-Burk plot분석에서 1.38mM로 추산되었다. 정제효소의 아미노산 조정은 약 416개의 잔기로 추정되며 glycine, alanine, threonine의 함량이 높은 반면, methionine, isoleucine의 함량은 극히 낮았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.268-275
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• 2001

The effects of homogenization conditions and $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD) on cholesterol removal of Mozzarella cheese were examined. The homogenization pressure influenced markedly on the cholesterol removal in milk and, 75.64% of cholesterol, the highest rate, was removed at $70.0kg/cm^2$. In addition, an increase in temperature resulted in an increase of cholesterol removal in the range of 71.75 to 78.22%. Among different concentrations of $\beta$-CD addition, 1.0% showed 78.21% of cholesterol removal. Therefore, cholesterol-reduced Mozzarella cheese was made by cheese milk treated with 70 $70.0kg/cm^2$ homogenization at $70^{\circ}C$ and 1% $\beta$-CD addition for a subsequent study. The cholesterol reduction of cholesterol-reduced Mozzarella cheese was 63.92%. Meltability, stretchability and oiling-off in cholesterol-reduced cheese were significantly lower than those in control. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness were significantly reduced, while cohesiveness and elasticity increased. Appearance and flavor of the cheese were superior, but texture inferior to the control.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

Ojectives : Cheonggukjang(natto) is known to have anti-hyperlipidemic action. This study was designed to investigate whether Herbal-cheonggukjang (HC, Herbal-natto) is more effective than cheonggukjang only, Methods : We investigated anti-hyperlipidemic effects of HC in hyperlipidemic rats induced by high-fat diet in terms of observation on levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in serum. HC was made by cheonggukjang added Codonopsis Lanceolata, Houttuynia cordata and Lentinus edodes in indicated concetrations. Results : In this experiment, hyperlipidemic rats showed elevated levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, and also showed lowered level of HDL-cholesterol. Oral administration of HC decreased levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, Cheonggukjang(natto) did not affect levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride. Conclusions : In these results, oral administration of HC decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride effectively. These results demonstrate that HC is useful to modulate cholesterol and triglyceride in serum.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.632-637
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of red pericarp glutinous rice rich in polyphenols (Jakwangchalbyeo, red rice) on serum and hepatic levels of cholesterol and hepatic protein expression linked to synthesis and degradation of cholesterol in a hypercholesterolemic mice diet as compared with brown rice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5 each), which were fed different diets for a period of 12 weeks: American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G diet, AIN-93G diet with 2% cholesterol, brown rice with 2% cholesterol, or red rice with 2% cholesterol. RESULT: Consumption of red rice resulted in a significant decrease in serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hepatic levels of triglyceride and total-cholesterol. Expression of acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase was decreased, while expression of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK ratio, cholesterol 7-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP7a1), and sterol 12-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP8b1) was increased in mice fed red rice. Brown rice had similar effects on cholesterol metabolism, but the effect of red rice was significantly greater than that of brown rice. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggested that red rice had a hypocholesterolemic effect by lowering hepatic cholesterol synthesis through ACAT-2, HMG-CoA reductase, and SREBP-2, and by enhancing hepatic cholesterol degradation through CYP7a1 and CYP8b1 in mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.884-888
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• 2009

Effect of citrus pectin oligosaccharides produced by irradiation was studied on the ability to improve lipid metabolism and hypercholesterolemia in mice fed high cholesterol diets. A total of 35 mice were divided into 5 groups and fed the following diets for 6 weeks: normal diet (C), 0.5% cholesterol (CH), 0.5% cholesterol+5% non-irradiated pectin (P), 0.5% cholesterol+5% irradiated pectin at 20 kGy (PIR), and 0.5% cholesterol+5% irradiated at 20 kGy and dialyzed (PIR-F). CH group had significantly higher serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol contents than pectin oligosaccharide-treated groups (p<0.05). Triglycerides and total cholesterol contents was the lowest in C and PIR-F and followed by PIR and P group, and CH group had significantly higher LDL-cholesterol. Serum high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol content in C group was not different from that in CH and P groups, but lower than that of PIR and PIR-F groups. These results suggest that pectin oligosaccharides produced by irradiation can reduce the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol in the blood of mice fed high-cholesterol diets and therefore, irradiation can be used as a tool to produce functional oligosaccharides from citrus pectin.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 1988

Cholesterol로부터 미생물전환 방법에 의한 4-androstene-3,17-dione(AD)의 생성에 대해 연구를 수행했다. 발효액중에 cholesterol의 용해도를 증가시키기 위해 ethanol을 용매로 사용하였는데, ethanol 농도가 2%(v/v)까지는 세균성장이 크게 저해되지 않았다. 미생물전환은 pH를 7.0으로 조절하고, 초기대수 증식기에 cholesterol을 첨가했을 때 효율적으로 AD가 생성되었다. AD 생성을 높이기 위해 cholesterol 첨가방법을 여러 가지로 변환시켰다. 즉, 최종 cholesterol 농도를 0.1% 하여 ethanol에 녹여 간헐적으로 첨가했을 때 가장 높은 수율을 얻었다. Cholesterol을 세번(전체 3g/$\ell$) 첨가했을 때 최종 전환수율이 65%에 도달한 반면, 같은 양의 cholesterol (3g/$\ell$)을 한번에 넣었을 때 40%의 생성수율을 얻었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.552-560
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• 1999

In this study, we investigated the effects of lowering the fat and cholesterol in the diets of 26 Korean hypercholesteolemic men($\geq$240mg/dl). They consumed 2378kcal/day with 20.9% of the energy deriving from fat, and a cholesterol intake of 282mg(118mg/1000kcal). The experimental diet consisted of 2400kcal, the same as their usual diet, but the fat content was restricted to 15%, and the cholesterol level to below 100mg/1000kcal. The subjects kept to this diet for four weeks and were asked to maintain their usual life activities during the experimental period. The dietary intake and levels of plasma lipid, lipoprotein-cholesterol and apoprotein of the subjects were analyzed before, two weeks into, and after four weeks dietary intervention. After two of the dietary intervention, there were no significant changes of plasma total cholesterol or triglyceride levels but there was some changes of phospholipid level. However, after four weeks, the levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid had decreased significantly: 18.2%, 32.9%, and 11.9%, respectively. And the LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol levels also showed a marked reduction of 18.1%, and 33.0% respectively without change of HDL-cholesterol level. There were no changes in the levels of Apo-A 1, Apo-B, or Lp(a). The changes of the plasma lipid levels were significantly associated with the changes in dietary fat intake but not the cholesterol intake. In conclusion, although the responses to the dietary intervention varied among the individual subjects, the lowering of dietary fat component from 21% to 15% of energy intake seems to be an effective way to reduce plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels without decreasing HDL-cholesterol level. It was also found that the restriction of dietary cholesterol to below 100mg/1000kcal not seem to be effective for the hypercholesterolemic patient who already consuming below 300mg/day of cholesterol.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.371-376
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• 2003

프로바이오틱 생균인 B. polyfermenticus SCD의 유용성을 확인하기 위해 항산화 및 콜레스테롤 저하 효과를 검증하였다. DPPH법에 의한 항산화 활성은 48% 정도였으며, TCA법에 의한 활성은 45%로 측정되었다. 그리고 TBARS 법에 의해 측정된 활성은 stimulator가 존재할 때 60%에 달하였으며, SOD 유사활성은 15% 정도였다. 이러한 활성은 기존의 항산화제인 BHT나 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 1% 용액과 비교할 때, 비슷하거나 약간 낮은 수치를 보여 준다. 향후 항산화 물질이 정제되어 이 물질의 1% 용액과 1% 농도의 기존 항산화제의 활성을 비교하여야 한다. 그러나 이 같은 뚜렷한 B. polyfermenticus SCD의 항산화력을 바탕으로 천연 항산화제 개발이 가능하다고 판단된다. 한편 B. polyfermenticus SCD의 콜레스테롤 저하 효과는 0.3% oxgall이 존재할 때, 64% 정도였다. 이 수치는 oxgall이 존재하지 않을 때 수치(67%)와 비교할 때, 큰 변화가 없었다. 그리고 콜레스테롤 저하 기작은 세포내 흡착에 의한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.219-240
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• 2006

Objective : This experimental study was designed to determine the anti-obestic effects of Bangpoongtongsungcankamibang(BTSK). Method : In vitro, BTSK extracts of various concentration (50,100, 200 $200{\mu}g/ml$)were added examination. The protein and mRNA expression of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$ receptor was measured by western blot assay and RT-PCR. In vivo, BTSK extracts of various concentration (100, $200{\mu}g/ml$) were orally administered to induced hyperlipidemic rats by poloxamer-407 for consecutive four weeks and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol were measured. This method applied to induced hyperlipidemic rats by triton WR-1339, too. Obesity induced rats by the high fat-diet for six weeks were orally administered BTSK extracts of various concentration (100, $200{\mu}g/ml$) and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, hydroxy radical, superoxide dismuatse activity were measured. Results : I. In vitro 1. The 3T3-L1 cells' differentiation was significantly decreased by BTSK. 2. expression of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$ was was significantly decreased by BTSK. II. In vitro 1. BTSK significantly reduced serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, contents in poloxamer-407 treated rat. 2. BTSK significantly reduced serum triglyceride, contents in Triton WR-1339 treated rat. But Total cholesterol did not show a significant change. 3. BTSK significantly reduced body weight gain of rat and adipose tissue mass of rats and serum triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, contents and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol, HTR(HDL-cholesterol/Total-cholesterol) in rats with obesity induced by the high fat-diet. 4. BTSK reduced blood lipid peroxide, hydroxy radical and increased superoxied dismuatse(SOD) activity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.384-391
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• 1996

This study was designed to investigate effects of lobster shrimp chitosan on serum and liver lipid levels in rats fed high fat and cholesterol diets. Male Sprague-Dawley rats of 4-weeks old, weighing 70$\pm$5g, were fed experimental diets for 3 weeks: basal diet+5% cellulose(group 1), high lipid diet+5% cellulose(group 2, control group), high lipid diet+5% balloon flower root(group 3), high lipid diet+5% cellulose(group 4, high lipid diet+5% lobster shrimp chitosan(group 5). Concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride, phospholipid in serum and liver were determined. The results obtained were as followes: Serum total cholesterol concentration were significantly reduced in all supplemented group compared with control. HDL-cholesterol concentrations were higher in groups 1, 4, and 5 and the ratios of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol concentration were higher in groups 1, 4, while the atherogenic-indices were lower in groups 1, and 4 than control. Concentrations of LDL, LDL-cholesterol and free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester were significantly lower in all supplemented groups than the control group. Concentrations of phospholipid and triglyceride were lower in groups 3, 4, 5, while activities of GPT and GOT were significantly lower in groups 4, 5 than the other group. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium and phosphorous were high in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Liver contents of total cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester were lower in the groups 1, 3, 4, and 5 than in the control group, especially lower in groups 1, and 5. Liver triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations were significantly lower in the groups 1, and 5 than in the other groups. The results from the data suggested that the experimental diet containing 5% lobster shrimp chitosan was effective to reduce the serum and liver lipids.