• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.375-379
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• 2000

The appearance of some gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the Meckel's diverticulum (MD) of the bean goose, Anser fabalis Latham was observed using specific antisera against serotonin, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, glucagon, secretin, somatostatin and human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) with the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Among these specific antisera, serotonin-, gastrin-, CCK-8-, somatostatin- and HPP-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in this study. Serotonin-, gastrin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were detected at moderate frequency and CCK-8- and HPP-immunoreactive cells was rare and low frequencies, respectively. These immunoreactive cells were located in the superficial epithelium, intestinal crvpt and intestinal glands with spherical or spindle shaped cells having long cytoplasmic processes (open typed-cell). Mucosal layer of MD was composed of simple columnar epithelium and numerous intestinal glands. In addition, numerous lymphatic tissues were also demonstrated. In conclusion, histological profiles of MD were similar to any parts of the large intestine, especially the cecum, but the appearance, distribution and relative frequency of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were similar to those of upper parts of the small intestine. Although the exact digestive functions were unknown, the finding that the appearance, distribution and relative frequency of gastrointestinal endocrine cells in MD is similar to small intestine may be considered as distinct evidence that this organ may have some digestive functions.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2005

Objectives : Patrinia scabiosaefolia (PS) has long been as a remedy for treating infectious diseases in Korea. In the present experiments, the author examined the effects of PS on the cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK)-induced pancreatitis (AP) in rats. Methods : Male Wister rats weighing 200 to 250 g were divided into two group. Normal untreated group, in treatment with PS group; PS was administered orally, followed by $75{\mu}g/kg$ CCK subcutaneously three times, after 1, 3 and 5 h. This whole procedure was repeated for 5 days. In treatment with saline group, the protocol was the same as in treatment group with PS. The author determined the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, the levels of pancreatic heat shock proteins(HSP)60, HSP72 and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results and Conclusion : PS was significantly decreased the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio in CCK-induced AP. PS increased HSP60 and HSP72 compared with CCK-induced AP. Additionally, the secretion of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 the levels of amylase and lipase were lower than that of saline. These results suggest that PS may has a inhibitory effect against CCK-induced AP.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.59-76
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• 1988

In order to know the distribution, relative frequencies, types and morphology, endocrine cells in the intestinal tract of the hedgehog(Erinaceus koreanus) were studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Two kinds of endocrine cells were demonstrated with two specific staining methods. Argyrophil cells(reactive cells for Grimelius method) were found most frequently in the intestinal region, and were infrequent in the rectum, whereas argentaffin cells (reactive cells for Masson-Hamperl method) were found most frequently in the rectum and in the other legions were infrequent. These reacting cells were mainly found in the intestinal glands, whereas a small number in the mucosa. 2. Twelve kinds of endocrine cells, gastrin(Gas)-, somatostatin (Som)-, serotonin(5-HT)-, glucagon(Glu)-, bovine pancreatic polypeptide(Bpp)-, cholecystokinin(Cck)-, secretin(Sec)-, motilin(Mot)-, glicentin(Gli)-, gastric inhibitor polypeptide(GIp)-, substance P(Sp)-, and neurotensin(Neu)-immunoreactive cells, were identified by immunohistochemical method. Gas-, Som-, 5-HT-, Glu-, Cck-, Sec-, Mot-, Gli-, Sp-, and Neu-reactive cells were observed in the duodenum, and among these Gas- and 5-HT-reactive cells were moderately found while the others were infrequent. In the jejunoileum Gas-, Som-, 5-HT-, Glu-, Cck-, Mot-, Gli-, GIp-, SP-, and Neu-reactive cells were found, and among these 5-HT- and GIp-reactive cells were moderately found while the others were infrequent. In the colon Sec-reactive cell was not detected. 5-HT-reactive cells were found most frequently and the others were infrequent in this region. 5-HT-, Bpp-, GIi- and Neu-reactive cells were found in the rectum. Among these 5-HT-reactive cells were found most frequently. 3. Electron microscopically, five types of endocrine cells, EC, ECL, D, G, A-like cell, were identified in the intestinal region. EC and ECL cells in the duodenum, EC, D and G cells in the jejuno-ileum, EC and A-like cells in the colon and EC cell in the rectum were observed respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2003

To clarify the roles of gonadal steroids on pancreatic exocrine secretion, effects of progesterone and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ on spontaneous and secretagogue-induced exocrine response of isolated perfused rat pancreas were investigated. Intra-arterial infusion of progesterone resulted in significant increase of the spontaneous pancreatic fluid and amylase secretion dose-dependently. However, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ did not exert any influence on spontaneous pancreatic exocrine secretion. Exogenous secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and acetylcholine markedly stimulated pancreatic fluid and amylase secretion. Progesterone initially enhanced secretin-induced amylase secretion, but this stimulatory response declined thereafter to basal value. Moreover, secretin-induced fluid secretion was not affected by infusion of progesterone. Therefore, initial increase of secretion-induced amylase secretion by progesterone seems to be a non-specific action by washout effect of secretin. Estradiol-$17{\beta}$ failed to change the secretin-induced fluid and amylase secretion. Both progesterone and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ did not exert any influence on CCK-induced fluid and amylase secretion. Acetylcholine-induced exocrine secretion of isolated perfused pancreas also was not affected by intra-arterial infusion of progesterone or estradiol-$17{\beta}$. It is concluded from the above results that progesterone could enhance the spontaneous pancreatic fluid and amylase secretion of isolated perfused rat pancreas through non-genomic shortterm action, and that these effects could be masked by more potent stimulants such as secretin, CCK, and acetylcholine.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2002

${\gamma}-Aminobutyric$ Acid (GABA) is contained in pancreatic islet ${\beta}-cells$ although its physiological role in pancreatic exocrine function is completely unknown at the present time. Recently, we have reported that exogenous GABA enhances secretagogue-evoked exocrine secretion in the isolated, perfused rat pancreas. This study was aimed to investigate an effect of exogenous GABA on pancreatic exocrine secretion in vivo evoked by intestinal stimulation. Rats were anesthetized with urethane (1.4 g/kg) after 24-h fast with free access to water. GABA $(10,\;30\;and\;100\;{\mu}mol/kg/h),$ given intravenously, did not change spontaneous pancreatic amylase secretion but dose-dependently elevated the amylase secretion evoked by intraduodenal sodium oleate (0.05 mmol/h). GABA $(30\;{\mu}mol/kg/h)$ also further increased the amylase secretion stimulated by CCK (30 pmol/kg/h) plus secretin (20 pmol/kg/h) but failed to modify the amylase secretion induced by secretin alone. GABA $(10,\;30\;and\;100\;{\mu}mol/kg/h)$ also dose-dependently elevated pancreatic amylase secretion evoked by CCK alone. Bicuculline $(100\;{\mu}mol/kg/h),$ a $GABA_A-receptor$ antagonist, markedly reduced the GABA-enhanced pancreatic responses to sodium oleate, CCK plus secretin or CCK alone. The results indicate that GABA enhances the sodium oleate-evoked pancreatic amylase secretion via $GABA_A-receptor$ in anesthetized rats, which may account for elevating the action of CCK released by sodium oleate.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1993

However, technical advances in ultrasono imaging have had a remarkable impact on the study of biliary system oral cholecystography is a contrast of the gallbladder which is very frequently performed even with the application of Extra Shock Wave Lithotripsy(ESWL) in clinical use. Oral GB requires a stringent preparation if it is to be fully successful and a considerable amount of time to complete all its procedures and its objects of the radiographs. 1) to obtain a firm diagnosis of the presence of gallstones. 2) to essess function of the gallbladder that is, its ability to concentrate and store bile. After a times sequence of X-ray exposures taken in various positions to show the gallbladder to be satisfactorily filled, the patient is given a fatty meal, for instances two eggs or a cup of milk. The gallbladder which is drained by the cystic duct stores and concentrates the bile and is stimulated to contrast and excrete the bile by hormone "cholecystokinin" secreted in the intestinal mucosa. To evaluate the effect of the fatty meal which caused the gallbladder to constrict and empty, and by so doing the contrast medium passes through the cystic and bile ducts which are shown in radiographs exposed from 15-30 minutes after the variety practice of fattymeal, such as soft-boiled 2 eggs, raw 2 eggs, 100g of peanuts, and 200ml of milk. If the concentration of the opaque medium in the gallbladder is adequate, then not only the size, shape and position of the gallbladder will be shown from firms taken at intervals, the rate of concentration of the opaque medium and of the emptying of gallbladder has been measured and analyzed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.374-381
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• 1986

CCK ( Cholecystokinin)와 carbachol (carbamylchline chloride)이 췌장의 효소분비능력을 촉진시킨다는 사실은 잘 알려져있다. 생대두식이를 먹인 쥐에서 췌장세포의 hypertrophy 현상이 두드러지게 나타나고 소화효소의 과다분비 현상이 나타나므로 이번 실험에서는 익힌 대두와 생대두를 먹인 후 정상적인 췌장세포와 hypertrophy 가 일어난 췌장세포에 CCK 와 carbachol 로 자극을 준후 효소분비 능력을 비교하였다. 췌장세포에서 분해되는 단백질 분해효소들이 세포자체에 미치는 영향을 최소한으로 줄이기 위하여 췌장의 acinar cell을 분리한 후 cell column을 만들어 superfusion technique 에 의해 stimulus-enzyme secretion coupling 방법을 사용하였다. 분리한 췌장세포를 CCK와 carbachol 로 자극을 주었을대 chymotrysin 분비는 생대두를 먹인 쥐의 세포에서 익힌 대두를 먹인 군보다 높게 나타났고 amylase의 분비는 chymotrypsin 과는 달리 익힌 대두를 먹인 쥐의 세포에서 생대두를 먹인 군보다 높게 나타났다. 이번 실험의 결과는 지금까지 논쟁중에 있는 췌장의 acinar cell에서의 여러 가지 효소분비 비율은 항상 일정한 것이 아니라 자극의 종류에 따라 효소분비량의 구성비율이 달라진다는 것을 알려주고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1473-1478
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• 2008

An experiment was conducted to investigate the mechanism for the effect of tetrabasic zinc chloride (TBZC) in enhancing growth performance of weanling piglets. Gut-brain peptides play an important role in the regulation of growth and appetite in animals. This study evaluated the effects of TBZC on blood concentrations of growth hormone (GH), ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), cholecystokinin (CCK) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Seventy-two weanling piglets (Landrace$\times$Large White) with an initial body weight (BW) of $6.7{\pm}0.16kg$ and aged $24{\pm}1days$ were assigned to three dietary treatments: i) control diet without TBZC supplement, ii) the control diet supplemented with 2,000 mg Zn from TBZC/kg and iii) TBZC-supplemented diet pair-fed with respect to the control diet. Each treatment had six replications (pens) of four piglets. At the end of a 14-d experimental period, piglets were weighed and feed consumption was measured, and blood samples were collected for assays of GH, ghrelin, IGF-I, CCK and NPY concentrations. The inclusion of TBZC in the diet increased average daily gain (p<0.01), average daily feed intake (p<0.05), and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). Pair-fed piglets had higher ADG, and lower FCR than (p<0.05) Control piglets. Supplementation of the diet with TBZC increased (p<0.05) serum GH and plasma ghrelin levels in weanling piglets, but did not affect (p>0.05) serum IGF-I and plasma NPY and CCK concentrations. Pair-fed piglets had lower (p<0.05) serum GH levels than TBZC-supplemented piglets, but did not (p>0.05) differ from Control piglets. These data indicated that TBZC elevated the concentration of ghrelin and GH. This observation may partly explain the beneficial effects of TBZC on growth performance of weanling piglets.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.246-257
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• 1998

Endocrine cells in the thymus of duck(Anas platyrhynchos platyrhyncos, Linne) were studied immunohistochemically from 23 days of incubation to 32 weeks of age. Somatostatin-, growth hormone(GH)-, gastrin/cholecystokinin(Gas/CCK)-, polypeptide YY(PYY)-, S-100 protein(S-100 P)-, dopamine-, serotonin(5-HT)-, and bovine chromogranin (BCG)-immunoreactive cells were detected in the duck thymus by the PAP techniques. These immunoreactive cells were observed in the medulla and in the juxtacortical medulla. No immunoreactivity of calcitonin and bovine pancreatic polypeptide(BPP) antiserum were observed. The argyrophil cells by Grimelius techniques were observed from 23 days of incubation to 32 weeks of age and peaked in 5 weeks of age. In the early develpmental stage, the argyrophil cells were distributed only in the medulla, while these cells were distributed mainly in the medulla and a few cells were distributed in the corticomedullary junction from 3 weeks of age. These immunoreactive cells were generally round, oval and elliptical and occasionally spindle, polygonal and polymorphous with the long cytopslasmic processes in shape. The present study suggests that the intrathymic endocrine cells may associate with the functional maturation of T-lymphocytes on the establishment of immunity. The further study will be needed to elucidate the function of these thymic endocrine cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.711-719
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• 2000

The characteristics of the exocrine pancreatic secretions in pigs and its hormonal regulation as influenced by dietary lipids are reviewed. There is clear evidence that the secretion of lipolytic enzymes is positively correlated with the amount of fat consumed by the pig. For example, there was an increase in the specific lipase activity by 83% after the dietary fat content was increased from 5% to 25%. Moreover, it was shown that also the quality of fat has an influence on exocrine pancreatic secretions. Peroxidized canola oil stimulated total lipase secretion much more than non-peroxidized oil. The influence of fatty acid composition on exocrine pancreatic secretions is discussed equivocally. Some authors showed that saturated fats stimulated the exocrine pancreatic secretions more than unsaturated. Others showed that the chain length of fatty acids had a strong influence on pancreatic secretions as well. Due to the different surgical methods used for sampling of pancreatic juice and wide variety of fats and oils used in these studies, direct comparisons between studies are extremely difficult to make. Plasma levels of hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK), neurotensin (NT) and peptide YY (PYY) are influenced by the nutrient composition of the diet. With increasing amounts of fat present in the small intestine, the release of these hormones was stimulated. There is evidence that CCK release is dependent on the chain length of the fatty acids. Medium chain triglycerides stimulated the CCK release more than long chain triglycerides. Neurotensin was released more by unsaturated than by saturated fatty acids; similar results were observed for the PYY release. However, results are contradictory and further investigations are warranted that focus on the underlying mechanisms involved in the regulatory response of the exocrine pancreas to lipids of different origin.