• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.506-512
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• 2011

Due to an overall increase of income, the general standard of living has improved and people have begun to be interested in being more healthy in their lives. This tendency has affected the food market, especially in relation to organic and eco-friendly food. Thus, the overall market size for those products has grown to give more choices to consumers. To examine the effect of the motive for choosing certain food products on the actual attitude and intent to purchase the products, a survey was given to 330 people living in Seoul, which resulted in 235 usable responses. The content of the questionnaire consisted of 18 questions on food choice motives, 3 questions on the attitude toward organic foods and 3 questions on the intention of purchasing for organic foods. The SPSS 12.0 statistics program was used to analyze of following: frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, one way ANOVA and regression analysis. Five factors of food choice motives were obtained from the analysis: health, convenience, price, familiarity and environmental protection. The regression analysis showed that food choice motive, health and environmental protection factors have a positive relationship with organic food attitudes and organic food attitudes have a positive relationship with the intent to purchase organic food.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.549-553
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• 2006

In this study, the effects of granite-grit offered free-choice on voluntary intakes of grit and subsequently on some morphologic traits of the digestive tract and performance of broilers were investigated. A total of 240 7d-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allotted randomly to 10 floor pens supplied with wood shavings. The experiment lasted for 42 days. There were 2 dietary treatments, each consisting of 5 replicates. Each replicate consisted of 24 birds kept in an experimental unit with a floor size of $2{\times}2m$. Dietary treatments consisted of control (C) in which broilers were fed standard broiler rations, and acid insoluble granite-grit choice (AIGG) in which broilers were fed standard broiler rations and grit in separate troughs. Mean amounts consumed varied quite widely from week to week, but on average broilers ate 3.41 g per d per bird during the experimental period. Birds had a higher voluntary intake of granite-grit at an early age (7 to 21 d of age) than later (22 to 42 d of age). The voluntary intake of granite-grit of AIGG broilers increased (p<0.05) from 2.7 g/day at 7-14 d to 4.4 g at 15-21 d of age, and then it decreased to 3.4, 3.2 and 3.4 g/day between 22-28, 29-35 and 36-42 d of age, respectively. This level of grit intake increased (p<0.05) weights of empty gizzard (0.97 vs. 1.30 g), edible inner organs (3.51 vs. 3.69 g), and length of gut (8.86 vs. 9.01 cm) as a proportion of body weight and the content of insoluble ash (8.4 vs. 42.2 g/kg) in the faeces compared to the control group. Feeding free-choice grit had little or no effect on final live weights (2,542 vs. 2,543 g), daily gains (69 vs. 69 g), carcass weights (1,924 vs. 1,911), dressing percentages (75.6% vs. 75.1%) and feed efficiencies (1.69 vs. 1.66). Birds given grit did not gain more weight than those not given grit but they tended to have (p<0.07) lower feed intake (116.7 vs. 114.5 g), and consequently lower protein and energy intake. In conclusion, the granite-grit consumed voluntarily by broilers increased gut length and empty gizzard weight without affecting growth performance of broilers. Thus, it can be assumed that the voluntary consumption of granite-grit was too low to affect performance.

• Journal of Science Education
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.458-475
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• 2013

According to instruction of standard-based assessment system, teachers with higher level of competence in student assessment are required. The purpose of this study is to offer the basic data to enhance pre-service physics teachers' competency in student assessment. 17 pre-service physics teachers, who are sophomore in department of physics education, participated in the study for a whole semester. To do this, we gave the assignment of multiple choice question construction in physics conceptest for formative assessment to pre-service teachers and observed review questions constructed by them. We also analyzed multiple choice questions of 17 pre-service teachers. They had 5 classes for the review process of the question and improved their questions through it. 16 of 17 pre-service teachers completed test design. Our results show that pre-service teachers had a little low competence in test design for classroom assessment. In addition to, constructing and revising questions, almost of them didn't have various perspectives and didn't consider to get information about the pre-conceptions of students. These findings indicate that they have difficulties with constructing multiple choice question and more specific plan needs to enhance the overall student-assessment competency levels of pre-service teachers for successful settlement of the standard-based assessment system.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.231-246
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• 2008

This paper suggests an e-learning system model, a goal-driven personalized e-learning system, which increase the effectiveness of learning. An e-learning system following this model makes the learner choose the learning goal. The learner's choice would lead learning. Therefore, the system enables a personalized adaptive learning, which will raise the effectiveness of learning. Moreover, this paper proposes a SCORM standard, which modifies SCORM 2004 that has been insufficient to implement the "goal driven personalized e-learning system." We add a data model representing the goal that motivates learning, and propose a standard for statistics on learning objects usage. We propose each standard for contents model and sequencing information model which are parts of "goal driven personalized e-learning system." We also propose that manifest file should be added for the standard for contents model, and the file which represents the information of hierarchical structure and general learning paths should be added for the standard for sequencing information model. As a result, the system could sequence and search learning objects. We proposed an e-learning system and modified SCORM standards by considering the many factors of adaptive learning. We expect that the system enables us to optimally design personalized e-learning system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.67-86
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• 1993

A formulation of dynamic traffic assignment between multiple origins and single destination was first introduced in 1987 by Merchant and Nemhauser, and then expanded for multiple destination in the late 1980's (Carey, 1987). Based on behavioral choice theory which provides proper demand elasticities with respect to changes in policy variables, traffic phenomena can be analysed more realistically, especially in peak periods. However, algorithms for these models are not well developed so far(working with only small toy network) and solutions of these models are not unique. In this paper, a new model is developed which keeps the simplicity of static models, but provides the sensitivity of dynamic models with changes of O-D flows over time. It can be viewed as a joint departure time and route choice model, in the given time periods(6-7, 7-8, 8-9 and 9-10 am). Standard multinomial logit model has been used for simulating the choice behavior of destination, mode, route and departure time within a framework of the incremental network assignment model. The model developed is workable in a PC 386 with 175 traffic zones and 3581 links of Seoul and tested for evaluating the exclusive use of Namsan tunnel for HOV and the left-turn prohibition. Model's performance results and their statistical significance are also presented.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2003

This paper presents a new method for estimating potential transit ridership residential population and number of employees that have accesses to transit services. A standard procedure that can be used to determine transit accessibility by pedestrians ad automobiles are developed to improve its transit demand forecasting capability. The analysis results are compared with those from the traditional buffer method as well as the network ratio method. It was found that the proposed method is more accurate than the traditional methods. The new method can be used to better estimate the "Walk Access" transit trips and "Auto Access" transit trips in the Mode Choice Model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2007

The study examines households' auto ownership and car type choice with a nested legit model. In summary. ${\rho}^2$ and the inclusive values, which represent the goodness of fit of the model, are statistically significant. Therefore. the nested logit model is superior to the standard legit model in this case. Also. the elasticity of operating costs is larger than 1, which means households' car ownership and car type choice is very sensitive to the operating costs. Finally, the elasticity of the operating costs in the lower income group is higher than that or the operating costs in the higher income group.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.337-379
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• 2005

This choice experiments study values the non-market benefits of water quality improvements in Paldang Reservoir and Han River, located in Korea. A fractional factorial orthogonal design was used to produce four different choice sets per respondent, before employing choice examples to screen out irrational responses. The panel mixed logit model (with normal distributions for the attributes) fit the data best, indicating that allowing for both heterogeneous preferences across households and correlation between repeated choices may represent actual choice behaviors best of all the estimated models. The significant standard deviations of the random attributes suggest that the taste for each attribute may vary considerably in the population. The annual benefits to the Seoul Metropolitan area for a small (large) enhancement of the clarity of water, a gradual removal of unpleasant waters, and a gradual improvement in biodiversity, were estimated to be some 1.5 trillion (1.7 trillion) Won, 2 trillion Won, and 1.7 trillion Won, respectively, with 1.8~2.6 trillion Won for at least two of them occurring together. The study also discusses potential biases germane to choice experiments studies of this type.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 한국전자거래학회 2005년도 e-Biz World Conference 2005
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• pp.62-67
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• 2005

In traditional approach, enterprise-wide consistent security policy enforcement for applications is very difficult task. Therefore, industry is now moving towards new unified enterprise application security concept that consist of centralized authentication and authorization mechanism. The eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML); an XML-based standard defined by OASIS, is most suitable choice which can support centralized, role based, context aware access control mechanism. It is designed to provide universal standard for writing authorization policies and access control request/response language for managing access to the resources. This paper includes a brief overview on XACML and discusses its benefits, limitations and a data flow process. We propose a new generic access control architecture that supports enterprise wide centralized application level access control mechanism using XACML. The other benefits which can be achieved through this architecture are, reduce adnministration cost and complexity, support of heterogeneous computing platforms, centralized monitoring system, automatic fail over, scalability and availability, open standard based solution and secure communication.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.25-47
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• 2014

The goal of the present study is to explore IM interruption by relating it to media choices and purposes of IM use in the workplace. Two major media choice concepts were: media richness and social influence; while four purposes of IM use were: organization work, knowledge work, socializing, and boundary spanning activities. Data (N = 283) were collected via a combination of convenience and snowball sampling of "computer-using workers" in Taiwan, based on the Standard Occupational Classification system published by the Taiwan government. Results indicated that media choice works better than purpose of IM use to explain IM interruption. Among them, social influence was the best predictor to IM interruption in the workplace. In addition, instant feedback and personalization provided by IM, and IM usage for the purposes of knowledge work and socializing, also relate to IM interruption in the workplace.