• Title/Summary/Keyword: chlorophyll protein

Search Result 248, Processing Time 0.031 seconds

Induction of Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Jurkat T Cells by a Chlorophyll Derivative (Cp-D) Isolated from Actinidia arguta Planchon

  • Park, Youn-Hee;Chun, En-Mi;Bae, Myung-Ae;Seu, Young-Bae;Song, Kyung-Sik;Kim, Young-Ho
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.10 no.1
    • /
    • pp.27-34
    • /
    • 2000
  • The chloroform and methanol (2;1, v/v) extract from an edible plant, Actinidia arguta Planchon, appeared to possess antitumor activity against human leukemias Jurkat T and U937 cells through inducing apoptosis. The substance in the solvent extract was purified by silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Characteristics of the substance analyzed by UV scanning analysis, $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectra suggested that the substance belongs to the chlorophyll derivatives-like group. The $IC_{50}$ value of the chlorophyll derivative (Cp-D) determined by MTT assay was $15\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ for Jurkat, $10\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ for U937, and $11.4\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ for HL-60m and was more toxic to these leukemias than to solid tumors or normal fibroblast. In order to elucidate cellular mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity, the effect of the Cp-D on Jurkat T cells was investigated. When cells were treated with the Cp-D at a concentration of $15\mu\textrm{g}/ml$, [3H]thymidine incorporation declined rapidly and wa undetectable in 1h. However, no significant changes were made in the cell cycle distribution of the cells by 24h. The sub-Gl peak representing apoptotic cells began to be detectable in 36h, at which time apoptotic DNA fragmentation was also detected on agarose gel electrophoresis, demonstrating that the cytotoxic effect of the Cp-D is attributable to the induced apoptosis. Under the same conditions, although the protein level of cyclin-dependent kinases such as cdc4, csk6, cdk2, and cdc2 was not significantly changed until 24h, the kinase activity of all c안 rapidly declined and reached a minimum level within 1-6h and then recovered to the initial level by 12h and sustained until 24h. These results suggest that inactivation of cdks at an inappropriate time during the cell cycle progression in jurkat T cells following a treatment with the Cp-D leads to induction of apoptotic cell death.

  • PDF

Quality Characteristics of Hot-air Dried Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Leaves (열풍 건조 무청의 품질특성)

  • Ku, Kyung-Hyung;Lee, Kyung-A;Kim, Young-Lim;Lee, Yong-Whan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.35 no.6
    • /
    • pp.780-785
    • /
    • 2006
  • The composition analysis of various radish (Rapharnus sativus L.) leaves and the effects of drying condition on the quality characteristics of hot-air dried radish leaves were carried out by a response surface methodology. Independent variables put in drying temperature $(X_1)$ and drying time $(X_2)$, dependent variables put in color, calcium, iron, vitamin, etc. In the proximate composition of radish leaves by varieties, there were no significant differences in the ash, protein, lipid, calcium and iron content of samples, but there were significant differences in the vitamins, chlorophyll and color value of samples. The quality characteristics on dried radish leaves by central composite design, it was significant value on the moisture content, chlorophyll and color value according to drying temperature and drying times. But there were no significant differences in the contents of calcium $(31.41{\sim}35.80\;mg/g,\;dry\;base)$ and iron $(0.21{\sim}0.29\;mg/g\;dry\;base)$. The multiplex regression coefficients analysis were calculated with independent variables $(X_1,\;X_2)$ and dependent variables (moisture, chlorophyll, color value). The calculated coefficient correlations for the each samples were $R^2>0.97$. The effects of drying temperature were greater than drying time in the total chlorophyll content changes of radish leaves. Based on the present study, the optimum drying condition for the lowest color changes and effective reduction of moisture of radish leaves were expected to be $5{\sim}6$ hours at $70^{\circ}C$.

Investigation of Physicochemical Properties According to Different Parts and Maturity of Momordica charantia L. (여주열매의 성숙단계 및 부위에 따른 이화학적 특성)

  • Lee, Jang-Won;Lee, Ho-Sun;Na, Young-Wang;Kang, Man-Jung;Jeon, Young-Ah;Sung, Jung-Sook;Ma, Kyung-Ho;Lee, Sok-Young
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
    • /
    • v.28 no.4
    • /
    • pp.382-390
    • /
    • 2015
  • Momordica charantia L. is a valuable food and medicinal plant of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Physicochemical properties of M. charantia based on cultivars, parts and growing stage were investigated. Crude protein contents of leaf were 27.5%, 26.9%, and 23.6% in native leaf (NL), cv. Erabu leaf (EL), and cv. Dragon leaf (DL), respectively. In particular, the crude protein content was the highest in leaves. The crude fat content was in the order of developmental stage 1 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF1) and developmental stage 1 of native fruit (NF1) with values of 4.0%, and 3.9%, respectively. There was also high amount of crude fiber in stem of all three cultivars. The crude ash content was in the order of cv. Erabu leaf, cv. Dragon leaf, and developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3) with values of 23.2%, 17.4%, and 13.6%, respectively. The major minerals found in M. charantia were K, Ca, and Mg. The potassium contents of developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3), developmental stage 3 of cv. Dragon fruit (DF3), cv. Dragon stem (DS), and developmental stage 2 of native fruit (NF2) were 498.37, 339.21, 314.30, and 307.34 ㎎ /100g, respectively, while the calcium contents were decreased of EL, DL, and NL with values of 513.45, 371.69, and 209.43 ㎎/100g, respectively. The calcium content was higher in leaves and stems than fruits. On the otherhand, the highest magnesium content was measured in EL (69.92 ㎎/100g). The highest contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were found in NL (442.9 ㎎/100g dw), EL (759.6 ㎎/100g dw), and EL (1164.9 ㎎/100g dw), respectively. The vitamin C contents from developmental stage 2 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF2), NF3, developmental stage 3 of cv. Erabu on fruit (EF3), and NF2 were found with values of 2849.9, 2330.5, 1985.1, and 1844.5 ㎎/㎏, respectively, and found to be higher in Korean cultivar and Erabu fruit than in Dragon. The charantin contents of leaf were higher than the fruit found to be 547.71, 506.04 and 395.62 ㎍/g dw in DL, EL and EF2, respectively. According to the results, mineral contents, total chlorophyll and charantin contents of M. charantia were higher in the leaves (EL and DL) than the fruits. And, vitamin C content was the highest in the fruit (EF2 and EF3). Therefore, much more research needs to be undertaken to use of the leaves as well as fruits. The data showed that M. charantia can be considered a good source of nutrient for application in food system.

Proteomic Response of Alfalfa Subjected to Aluminum (Al) Stress at Low pH Soil

  • Rahman, Md. Atikur;Kim, Yong-Goo;Lee, Byung-Hyun
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
    • /
    • v.34 no.4
    • /
    • pp.262-268
    • /
    • 2014
  • In order to reveal the aluminum (Al) stress tolerance mechanisms in alfalfa plant at low pH soil, a proteomic approach has been conducted. Alfalfa plants were exposed to Al stress for 5 days. The plant growth and total chlorophyll content are greatly affected by Al stress. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and $H_2O_2$ contents were increased in a low amount but free proline and soluble sugar contents, and the DPPH-radical scavenging activity were highly increased. These results indicate that antioxidant activity (DPPH activity) and osmoprotectants (proline and sugar) may involve in ROS ($H_2O_2$) homeostasis under Al stress. In proteomic analysis, over 500 protein spots were detected by 2-dimentional gel electrophoresis analysis. Total 17 Al stress-induced proteins were identified, of which 8 protein spots were up-regulated and 9 were down-regulated. The differential expression patterns of protein spots were selected and analyzed by the peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) using MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Three protein spots corresponding to Rubisco were significantly down-regulated whereas peroxiredoxin and glutamine synthetase were up-regulated in response to Al stress. The different regulation patterns of identified proteins were involved in energy metabolism and antioxidant / ROS detoxification during Al stress in alfalfa. Taken together, these results provide new insight to understand the molecular mechanisms of alfalfa plant in terms of Al stress tolerance.

Agronomic characteristics of stay-green mutant derived from an early-maturing rice variety 'Pyeongwon'

  • Won, Yong-Jae;Ji, Hyeon-So;Ahn, Eok-Keun;Lee, Jeong-Heui;Jung, Kuk-Hyun;Lee, Sang-Bok;Hong, Ha-Cheol;Hyun, Ung-Jo;Ha, Woon-Goo;Kim, Myeong-Ki;Kim, Byeong-Ju
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
    • /
    • 2017.06a
    • /
    • pp.72-72
    • /
    • 2017
  • We found a new stay-green mutant from 'Pyeongwon' which is an early-maturing rice variety in Korea. The mutant showed green leaves after grain ripening period and it maintained higher SPAD value than wild type rice plant and original variety 'Pyeongwon'. The stay-green trait in rice, three genes have been identified up to date. The non-yellow coloring1 (NYC1) gene encodes a chloroplast-localized short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) with three transmembrane domains. The non-yellow coloring3 (NYC3) gene encodes a plastid-localizing alpha/beta hydrolase-fold family protein with an esterase/lipase motif. The Sgr gene encodes a novel chloroplast protein and regulates the destabilization of the light-harvesting chlorophyll binding protein (LHCP) complexes of the thylakoid membranes, which is a prerequisite event for the degradation of chlorophylls and LHCPs during senescence. After sequencing the PCR products, we found a single nucleotide variation($A{\rightarrow}T$) in the NYC1 gene, which changes the amino acid lysine to methionine. The NYC1 gene encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR) protein. And we confirmed the co-segregation between SNP and stay-green trait from genotyping the progenies of the mutant.

  • PDF

Proteome analysis of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) leaf in response to waterlogging stress

  • Yun, Min-Heon;Park, Hyeong-Jun;Jeong, Hae-Ryong;Roy, Swapan Kumar;Kwon, Soo Jeong;Chun, Hyen Chung;Cho, Seong-Woo;Woo, Sun-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
    • /
    • 2017.06a
    • /
    • pp.119-119
    • /
    • 2017
  • Growth related to morphological and proteome response under waterlogging stress in sorghum has not yet been elucidated. Understanding how plants respond to waterlogging, the present study was conducted in seedlings leaf of the Nam-pung chal cultivar. Regarding 3-leaf stage of sorghum, stem length and plant height were slightly decreased in the treatments during ten days of waterlogging, and chlorophyll contents were also significantly different from 7 days of waterlogging treatment. The results observed from the present study were considered to be influenced by the waterlogging stress more in the $5^{th}$ leaf stage of the growth period of the sorghum, and as the waterlogging treatment progressed, the waterlogging stress gradually influenced the growth difference between the control and the treatment respectively. Using 2-DE method, a total of 74 differentially expressed protein spots were analyzed using LTQ-FT-ICR MS. Of these proteins, 45 proteins were up-regulated in the treatment group, and 32 proteins were down-regulated. Analysis of LTQ-FI-ICR MS showed that about 50% of the proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolic process, metabolic process, and cellular metabolic compound salvage were affected by stress. Malate dehydrogenase protein and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein related to carbohydrate metabolic process increased the level of protein expression in both 3 and 5-leaf stage under waterlogging stress. The increased abundance of these proteins may play an active role in response to waterlogging stress. These results provide new insights into the morphological alteration and modulation of differentially expressed proteins in sorghum cultivar.

  • PDF

Proteomics Analysis of Early Salt-Responsive Proteins in Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) Leaves (초기 염류 스트레스 반응 인삼 잎 단백질체 분석)

  • Kim, So Wun;Min, Chul Woo;Gupta, Ravi;Jo, Ick Hyun;Bang, Kyong Hwan;Kim, Young-Chang;Kim, Kee-Hong;Kim, Sun Tae
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
    • /
    • v.22 no.5
    • /
    • pp.398-404
    • /
    • 2014
  • Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the yield of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). The objective of this study was to identify bio-marker, which is early responsive in salt stress in ginseng, using proteomics approach. Ginseng plants were exposed to 5 ds/m salt concentration and samples were harvested at 0, 6, 12 and 18 hours after exposure. Total proteins were extracted from ginseng leaves treated with salt stress using Mg/NP-40 buffer and were separated on high resolution 2-DE. Approximately $1003{\pm}240$ (0 h), $992{\pm}166$ (6 h), $1051{\pm}51$ (12 h) and $990{\pm}160$ (18 h) spots were detected in colloidal CBB stained 2D maps. Among these, 8 spots were differentially expressed and were identified by using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS or/and LC-MS/MS. Ethylene response sensor-1 (spot GL 1), nucleotide binding protein (spot GL 2), carbonic anhydrase-1 (spot GL 3), thylakoid lumenal 17.9 kDa protein (spot GL 4) and Chlorophyll a/b binding protein (spot GL 5, GL 6) were up-regulated at the 12 and 18 hour, while RuBisCO activase B (spot GL 7) and DNA helicase (spot GL 8) were down-regulated. Thus, we suggest that these proteins might participate in the early response to salt stress in ginseng leaves.

Effect of Variable Feed Allowance with Constant Protein Input on Water Quality in Channel Catfish Production Ponds

  • Cho Sung Hwoan
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.1 no.2
    • /
    • pp.192-200
    • /
    • 1998
  • This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of feeding higher protein feeds with lesser amount, but feeding the constant total protein input for all treatments, on water quality and nitrite toxicity in channel catfish ponds. There was no significant difference in survival rate among treatments $(P>0.05)$. Specific growth rate (SGR) for Treatment 1$(28\%\;protein\;and\;100\%\;of\;satiation)$ was significantly higher $(P>0.05)$ than for Treatment 3$(36\%\;protein\;and\;87.5\%\;of\;satiation)$, but not significantly higher than for Treatment 2 $(32\%\;protein\;and\;77.8\%\;of\;satiation)$ at constant digestible energy (DE), 3.08kcal/g (treatments 1, 2 and 3). At constant DE/P (treatments 4, 2 and 5), no significant difference in SGR was observed among treatments. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) slightly improved or improved as dietary protein level increased from $28\%$ to $32\%$ and feed allowance decreased by $12.5\%$, but did not improve as dietary protein level increased from $32\%$ to $36\%$ and feed allowance decreased by $22.2\%$, at constant DE and constant DE/P. There was no significant difference in water quality variables, such as total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, chlorophyll a, soluble phosphorous concentrations among treatments, but significant difference in water quality variables over time as amount of feed fed increased $(P<0.0001)$. There was a trend toward increase in TAN and nitrite over time. A strong linear regression was observed between mean total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite for all treatments Y (Nitrite) =$0.04\times (TAN)+0.01$, $R_2=0.89$. Methemoglobin percent in the blood of catifish was not significantly different among treatments. And its mean value was $7.5\%$, which was relatively low, so that it was not serious problem in catfish production pond under these experiment conditions. There was the stronger linear regression between the percentage of Methemoglobin and the molar ratio of nitrite to chloride rather than nitrite alone: $Y\;(Methemoglobin\;\%)\;=\;58.45\;\times\;(NO^{2-}/Cl^-)\;+\;0.41,\;R^2=0.60$. These results indicate that deterioration of water quality has no strong impact on poor weight gain for $36\%$ dietary protein in this study.

  • PDF

ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF AROMATIC TOBACCO IN KOREA AND GREECE II. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CURED LEAVES (향끽미종 연초의 한국, 그리스간 생태비교 연구 (II) 건조엽의 화학 성분)

  • 김용옥;류명현;손현주;라효환
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
    • /
    • v.9 no.1
    • /
    • pp.19-26
    • /
    • 1987
  • KA 101 and Xanthi-Basma were cultivated in Korea and Greece to compare the respective responses to environments on their leaf composition during 1984 and 1985. Cured leaves cultivated in Greece had brighter and greenish color with 2-4 times higher total chlorophyll and carotenoids showing higher contents of total nitrogen, nicotine, petroleum ether extract, volatile acids and neutrals, but crude ash and pH of leaves at top stalk position were lower than in Korean cultured leaves. Xanthi-Basma showed higher contents of nicotine and total nitrogen, but lower contents of reducing sugar than KA 101. There were no difference in crude ash, petroleum ether extract contents and pH of leaves. Among stalk positions, the upper stalk leaves in Greece had higher contents of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, nicotine, petroleum ether extract and volatile acids but lower contents of reducing sugar than lower ones., whereas the supper stalk leaves in Korea had much higher contents of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, pH, crude ash, but not higher contents of petroleum ether extract and volatile acid contents than lower stalk position. It suggest that in chemical criteria the better quality leaves are on the upper stalk position in Greece but not the same in Korea probably due to the rainy weather conditions during the later growth stage in Korea.

  • PDF

Increased Thermotolerance of Transgenic Rice Plant by Introduction of Thermotolerant Gene

  • Lee, Byung-Hyun;Won, Sung-Hye;Kim, Ki-Yong;Lee, Hyoshin;Jinki Jo
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
    • /
    • v.20 no.2
    • /
    • pp.97-102
    • /
    • 2000
  • To increase thennotolerance of forage crops, transgenic rice plants as a model for transformation of monocots were generated. A cDNA encoding the chloroplast-localized small heat shock protein (small HSP) of rice, Oshsp21, was introduced into rice plants via Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer system. Calli induced from scutella were co-cultivated with a A. tumefaciens strain EHAlOl canying a plasmid, pIGhsp21. A large number of transgenic plants were regenerated on a medium containing hygromycin. Integration of Oshsp2l gene was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses with genomic DNA. Northern blot and immunoblot analyses revealed that the Oshsp21 gene was constitutively expressed and accumulated as mature protein in transgenic plants. Effects of constitutive expression of the OshspZl on thermotolerance were first probed with the chlorophyll fluorescence. Results indicate that inactivation of electron transport reactions in photosystem I1 (PSII), were mitigated by constitutive expression of the Oshsp21. These results suggest that the chloroplast small HSP plays an important role in protecting photosynthetic machinery during heat stress. (Key words : Thermotolerance, Rice, Transgenic, cDNA)

  • PDF