• 분석과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.901-906
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• 1995

Studies on the chemical constituents from a Korean wild mushroom, Phellinus ribis, were carried out. A triterpenoid, two peroxysterols, and a chlorobenzene compound were isolated from the hexane soluble fraction of the methanol extract of dried fruiting bodies of the basidomycetes. Those compounds identifed were 3-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid (betulinic acid), 5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol(ergosterol peroxide), 5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol (dehydroperoxyergosterol), and 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-dimethoxybenzene. Structural studies were carried out on molecular species of a ceramide and cerebroside isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of the methanol extract. For ceramide, the major component fatty acids were a-hydroxy fatty acid isomers of $C_{22:00}{\sim}C_{25:00};$ the predominant long-chain bases were trihydroxy sphinganine of $C_{17}{\sim}C_{18}$. The structure of a cerebroside containing mono-sugar was assumed that the long-chain base was $C_{19:2}$ sphingadienine; the major fatty acids were $C_{16}{\sim}C_{15}$ ${\alpha}$-hydroxy fatty acid isomers.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.71-75
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• 1996

In order to study the antitumoral effect of Selaginella tamariscina extracts, the cytotoxicities to human histiocytic leukemia cells (U937) and lymphocyte were measured by MTT method. The water extract of Selaginella tamariscina was partitioned into chloroform (CHCl3), ethylacetate (EtAc), n-butanol (BuOH) and water (H2O), successively. CHCl3, EtAc and BuOH fractions of Selaginella tamariscina showed the cytotoxicity to the U937 cells but they had effect on the cytotoxicity of lymphocyte under the same conditions. The tumor-specific cytotoxicity of Selaginella tamariscina fractions migh have been attributed to their genotoxic effect on actively proliferating cells. The expression of p53 tumor suppressor gene was then evaluated by northern blotting. The increased expression of p53 was induced by Selaginella tamariscina fraction V but no expression of p53 was induced by CHCl3, EtAc, and BuOH fractions of Selaginella tamariscina water extract (fraction V) should be required for the cytotoxcity on U937 and the other fractions of Selaginella tamariscina mediated the U937 disruption.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.621-626
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• 1998

Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica var saboten Makino) is a tropical or subtropical plant, which is widely used as folk medicine for burned wound, edema and indigestion. We previously found that the ethanol extract of cactus stem showed anti-inflanunatory action. This investigation was designed to isolate the active fraction of anti-inflanimatory action from cactus stem by solvent extraction and colunm chromatography. Carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice were used as animal models to search anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. respectively. The ethanol extract of cactus stem was consecutively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The hexane fraction was the most effective in carrageenan-induced paw edema, and then was separated in colunm chromatography of silica gel by the elution with hexane/ethyl acetate mixture. The most effective fraction 1 was separated in a second colunm chromatography by eluting with hexane/diethyl ether mixture. The most effective fraction 1-5 was obtained, and separated in a third column chromatography by eluting with hexane/chloroform mixture. It produced the most effective fraction 1-5-1. Moreover, fraction 1-5-1 showed an inhibitory effect on acetic acid-induced writhing in the doses of 30mg/kg and 60mg/kg,p.o.,indicating that it also contained analgesic activity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2003

Petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol extracts of the seeds of Melia azedarach Linn. administered orally to male rats at the dose level of 25 mg/100 g body weight for 48 days showed antispermatogenic activity, as the number of spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa was decreased. The total cholesterol content was increased while protein and glycogen contents were decreased. The acid phosphatase content was also decreased while that of alkaline phosphatase increased. At the same time the weight of caput and cauda epididymis, prostate gland, seminal vesicle and Levator Ani muscle was decreased indicating its antiandrogenic property. Of the three extracts, the petroleum ether extract was more potent in its antispermatogenic and antiandrogenic activities and did not produce any sings of toxicity upto a dose of 25 mg/100 g body weight oral administration. After subjecting it to preliminary phytochemical screening the petroleum ether extract showed positive tests for steroids and saponins.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.607-612
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• 1999

Cigarette smoking is the potential risk factor for lung cancer and chronic pulmonary disease, as well as inflammatory bowel disease and reproductive malfunction. Nicotine and tar have been im plicated as a major factor in the pathogenesis of the diseases. Nicotine increases heart rate and blood pressure due to stimulation sympathetic neurotransmission and tar also accounts for the severe damage of peridontal diseases and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Portulaca oleracea, which contains significant amount of K+, noradrenaline and dopamine as well as various nutrients, has been used for many medicinal purposes and one of which is the detoxification of insect or snake toxins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the action of Portulaca oleracea extracts on the reduction of harmful materials of tabacco. The reduction percentages were measured in the presence and absence of each solvent extract of Portulaca oleracea using reversed C18 column of HPLC. Nicotine reduction effects were obtained from aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of Portulaca oleracea as 89%, 55% and 51%, respectively. The results suggest that the polar extracts of Portulaca oleracea affects the reduction of nicotine which is responsible for many diseases.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2004

This study investigated the effects of an ethanol extract of Allium monanthum MAX. (AME) on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100～150 g, were divided into 5 groups; normal group (NOR), AME 200 mg/kg treated group (S1), ethanol (35%, 10 mL/kg) treated group (S2), AME 200 mg/kg and ethanol (35%, 10 mL/kg) treated group (S3) and AME 400 mg/kg and alcohol (35%, 10 mL/kg) treated group (S4). AME was fractionated by the following solvents: n-hexane, chloroform, EtOAC and n-BuOH. Antioxidant index of the n-BuOH fraction was 600 ppm, highest among fractions. The growth rate and feed efficiency ratio were decreased by ethanol, but gradually increased to the corresponding level of the normal group by administering AME. The serum ALT activities that were elevated by ethanol were significantly decreased by AME administration. It was also observed that the hepatic activities of SOD, catalase, xanthine oxidase and GSH-Px that were increased by ethanol were also markedly decreased in the AME treated group with compared to ETB. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of Allium monanthum MAX. may have a protective effect on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver.

• Entomological Research
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.362-371
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• 2018

Chemical insecticides released into the environment may have adverse biological effects. Therefore, there is a need for ecofriendly insecticides for mosquito control. Xerophytic plant extracts that may provide more ecofriendly active component were evaluated against Culex pipiens 4th instars. Plant extracts prepared using different solvents with a Soxhlet apparatus and different concentrations were tested against Culex pipiens larvae. The effects were observed at 24 h and 72 h intervals and $LD_{50}$ and $LD_{90}$ values determined. Chloroform ($CHCl_3$) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts of Althaea ludwigii were the most effective against Cx. pipiens $4^{th}$ instars, but were highly dependent on extract concentrations and exposure time. Results suggest that A. ludwigii extracts contain bioactive compounds, such as phenols and saponins, that may provide effective Cx. pipienslarval control. However, the extract was found to be toxic to zebrafish larvae, and may be toxic to other aquatic fauna. Further studies to determine the active components and toxicity to other fauna are needed.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2004

매실 에탄올추출물이 알코올투여로 유발된 횐쥐의 간손상에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실험동물을 정상군, 매실 에탄올추출물 200 mg/kg 투여군, 알코올투여군(35% ethanol 10 mL/kg, b.w./day), 알코올 및 매실 에탄올추출물 200 mg/kg 병합투여군과 알코올 및 매실 에탄올추출물 400 mg/kg 병합투여군의 5군으로 나누어 6주간 사육하였고, 체중증가율 및 식이효율, 혈청중 ALT와 AST활성, 간손상 억제 효과를 확인하기 위해 SOD, catalase, xanthi ne oxidase 및 GSH-Px활성을 측정하고, 지질과산화물인 thiobarbituric acid reactant(TBARS) 및 GSM함량에 미치는 영향을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 매실 에탄올추출물이 알코올투여로 증가된 유리기해독계 효소인 GSH-Px활성을 유의성 있게 감소시키고 비효소적 항산화작용을 나타내는 GSH함량을 증가시킴으로서 지질과산화물에 대한 방어력이 증강됨을 보였고, 알코올 투여로 상승된 ALT 및 AST활성을 유의성있게 감소시켜 매실 에탄올추출물이 에탄올에 의한 지방간 또는 손상된 간세포를 회복시키는 작용이 있는 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 1999

닥나무 추출물의 항암효과를 검토하기 위하여 닥나무뿌리 껍질 methanol 추출물로부터 얻은 분획물(hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol, aqueous 층)들의 0.05∼1.0mg/ml 농도에 대해서 MTT assay를 통한 세포독성 측정 및 암세포 증식억제 효과를 in vitro로 검색하였고, in vivo에서 BALB/c mouse를 이용한 고형암 성장저지 실험 및 비장 장기 중량변화의 항암실험을 행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 세포독성 실험에 의한 MTT assay 결과 모든 분획물들은 농도 의존성으로 효과가 나타났으며 1.0 mg/ml 농도에서 ethylacetate층은 sarcoma 180 cell에 대하여 75.7%의 가장 높은 세포독성 효과를 나타내었고 그 다음 aqueous, hexane, butanol, chloroform 층 순으로 각각 62.7%, 58.7%, 52.6%, 40.1%의 효과를 보였다. 각 분획물들에 의한 sarcoma 180 cell에 증식억제 효과는 배양일(1, 2, 3, 6일)이 증가함에 따라 암세포수는 증가하였으며 처음 1일째에 암세포 증식억제가 가장 많이 되었다. 1.0mg/ml 농도로 시료를 첨가하여 6일간 배양했을 때 ethylacetate 층은 60%의 억제율로 가장 현저 한 활성을 보였고 aqueous(42%), hexane(31%), butanol(30%), chloroform(19%)층 순으로 암세포 증식억제율을 나타내었다. 또한 암세포 증식에 대한 현미경 관찰을 해 본 결과 ethylacetate층은 대조군에 비하여 암세포 증식억제 정도와 형태 변화가 두드러지게 나타났다. BALB/c mouse에서 sarcoma 180 cell에 대한 각 분획물들의 고형암 성장저지효과는 1.0mg/kg으로 시료투여했을 때 ethylacetate 층은 대조군에 비하여 41%의 유의적인 저지율을 나타냈으며(p<0.05), 그 다음은 유의적이지는 않으나 aqueous 층 처리구가 39%,의 저지율을 나타내었다. 비장의 체중에 대한 중량변화는 대조군의 경우 1.08%인데 비해, ethylacetate층 처리군은 2.10%로 증가하였고 나머지 처리군에서는 대조군과 차이를 나타내지 않았다(p<0.05). 한편, mouse의 체중 변화는 대조군과큰 차이가 없었으므로 시료 추출물로 인한 체중 및 장기의 독성 문제는 없을 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 연구 결과로 닥나무 뿌리 껍질 methanol 추출물로부터 얻은 분획물중 ethylacetate와 aqueous 층은 세포독성 효과와 암세포 성장억제 효과 및 고형암 성장 저지 효과가 크게나타났으며, 체중에 대한 면역관련 장기인 비장의 중량증가로부터 면역계 활성과도 관계가 있을 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 닥나무 뿌리 껍질의 효능이 큰 분획물로부터 항암활성 물질을 분리 정제하고 기전확립의 연구가 앞으로 더욱 보충되어야 할 것이며, 암예방을 위한 기능성 식품 및 치료제의 개발에 대한 가능성 확인을 본 연구를 통하여 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2011

본 연구는 눈개승마의 80% 에탄올 추출물과 순차적 분획물에 대하여 총 폴리페놀 함량과 항산화 활성을 측정하고, tyrosinase 저해활성 및 항균활성을 측정하여 눈개승마의 생리활성효과와 식품 보존제 및 화장품 원료 등의 기능성 소재로서 활용가능성을 조사하였다. 눈개승마 추출물 및 분획물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 ethyl acetate 분획물에서 $335.88{\pm}2.26$ mg/g GAE로 가장 높게 나타났다. 눈개승마의 DPPH radical 소거활성을 측정한 결과, ethyl acetate 분획물에서 $IC_{50}$이 0.06 mg/mL, n-butanol 분획물이 0.25 mg/mL로 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, ABTS 라디칼 소거능 활성(0.5 mg/mL)은 ethyl acetate, n-butanol 분획물이 각각 $99.16{\pm}0.09%$, $89.29{\pm}0.64%$의 활성을 나타내었다. 환원력과 FRAP value는 ethyl acetate 분획물이 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. SOD 유사활성은 $80.76{\pm}0.61%$(ethyl acetate), $72.34{\pm}0.79%$(n-butanol)로 나타났다. Tyrosinase 저해활성은 5 mg/mL의 농도에서 ethyl acetate 분획물이 $59.08{\pm}0.98%$로 나타났다. 항균활성은 chloroform 분획물(0.1 mg/disc)이 B. cereus(14 mm), B. subtilis(12.5 mm), S. aureus(10.8 mm), E. coli(20.7 mm)와 같이 4종류의 세균에 대해 항균활성이 높았으며, ethyl acetate 분획물은 E. coli(17.2 mm, 0.5 mg/disc)에 대해 나타내었다. 눈개승마 chloroform 분획물의 최소저해농도는 B. cereus가 $50{\mu}g$/mL, E. coli가 $25{\mu}g$/mL을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과 눈개승마의 ethyl acetate와 n-butanol 분획물은 높은 항산화 활성을 가지고 있으며, chloroform 분획물은 높은 항균력을 가지고 있어 눈개승마의 분획물들은 식품첨가물 및 식품보존제 등 기능성 소재로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.