• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.449-459
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• 2018

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. Producing economical and durable concrete is possible by employing pozzolanic materials. The aim of this study is to underline the possibility of the utilization of natural zeolite in producing concrete and investigate its effects basically on the strength and durability of concrete. In the production of concrete mixes, Portland cement was replaced by the natural zeolite at ratios of 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. Concretes were produced with total binder contents of $300kg/m^3$ and $400kg/m^3$, but with a constant water to cement ratio of 0.60. In addition to compressive and flexural strength measurements, freeze-thaw and high temperature resistance measurements, rapid chloride permeability, and capillary water absorption tests were performed on the concrete mixes. Compared to the rest mixes, concrete mixes containing 10% zeolite yielded in with the highest compressive and flexural strengths. The rapid chloride permeability and the capillary measurements were decreased as the natural zeolite replacement was increased. Freeze-thaw resistance also improved significantly as the replacement ratio of zeolite was increased. Under the effect of elevated temperature, natural zeolite incorporated concretes with lower binder content yielded higher compressive strength. However, the compressive strengths of concretes with higher binder content after elevated temperature effect were found to be lower than the reference concrete.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2004

콘크리트의 구조물의 내구성을 향상시키기 위해서는 W/C의 감소, 피복두께의 증가, 혼화재의 사용 등을 예로 들 수 있다. 특히, 혼화재를 사용한 경우 콘크리트의 수밀성이 향상되고 구조체의 내구성이 향상되는 것으로 보고되고 있으나 염소이온 확산에 대해서는 보다 체계적인 연구를 수행할 필요가 있다. 또한 혼화재를 사용한 콘크리트의 경우, 혼화재 종류에 따라 포졸란반응 및 잠재수경성 등에 의해 콘크리트 내부조직의 변화가 발생하므로 콘크리트의 염소이온 확산에 대한 보다 정확한 평가를 위해서는 콘크리트 내부의 조직을 평가할 수 있는 요소들을 고려해야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 혼화재를 사용한 콘크리트의 내구수명을 평가하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 콘크리트의 압축강도, 공극률, 투기성을 물리적 특성으로 설정하고 이들과 염소이온 확산계수와의 관계를 분석하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.799-804
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of re-vibration and curing temperature onto the physical properties of latex-modified concrete with ordinary cement and rapid-setting cement, and thus to provide a guide line of re-vibration and curing conditions for good quality controls. The main experimental variables included two cement types(ordinary portland cement, rapid-setting cement), curing Temperature($10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$), re-vibration methods(continued, intermittent), and re-vibration times(initial setting, one day after mixing). The experimental results showed that the re-vibration affected little to the mechanical properties of LMC and RSLMC, while, the curing temperature a quite some. The early strength development was the highest at $20^{\circ}C$ curing temperature, and decreased at higher temperature. The permeability of concrete generally decreased with curing time. The rapid chloride permeability was a function of time and temperature. The chloride permeability of RSLMC was so small and negligible.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2003

Structure surfaces damaged due to many causes are repaired by several special mortars. But wide studies about the permeability of these mortars were rarely conducted. In this study compressive strength test, flexural strength test and bond strength test of these mortars were conducted. And chloride ion penetration test was also conducted to explore the permeability charcteristics of selected repair mortars. This test was carried out following the standard ASTM C1202-91. Colouriemtric penetration depth can be drawn from these test results using a relationship equation between colourimetric penetration depth and charge passed which C. Andrade suggested. Diffusion coefficient can be calculated by CTH rapid method. To the end, the present study can provide a firm base for the application of repair mortars to concrete structures.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2021

This study experimentally investigated the improvement of bond strength and durability of concrete containing high volume fly ash. Concrete mixtures made with 0%, 25% and 60% replacement of cement with class F fly ash were prepared. Water-binder ratios ranged from 0.28 to 0.72. The compressive, flexural and pullout bond strength, the resistance to chloride-ion penetration, and the water permeability of concrete were measured and presented. Test results indicate that except for the concretes at early ages, the mechanical properties, bond strength, and the durability-related chloride-ion permeability and water permeability of concrete containing high volume (60% cement replacement) fly ash were obviously superior to the concrete without fly ash at later ages of beyond 56 days. The enhanced bond strength for the high volume fly-ash concrete either with or without steel confinement is a significant finding which might be valuable for the structural application.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.593-596
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• 2003

The special amendment agent used in this study is mainly composed of inorganic metal salts such as sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, thus is friendly to the environment, and has a function of soil-cement-agent solidification. In this study, a series of laboratory and field experiments including unconfined compressive strength, permeability, pH test, constituent analysis, leaching test were carried out to analyse engineering and environmental characteristics of solidified sludge. The results of this research showed that the solidified sludge could be efficiently used in covering, filling, and planting materials.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.355-360
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to remove the excessive air foaming which was produced in mixing the RSLMC(latex-modified concrete with rapid- setting cement) by choosing the best antifoam agent type and the optimized quantity for performance improved RSLMC. A series of RSLMM(latex-modified mortar with rapid-setting cement) experiments were carried out as the basic for RSLMC with the main experimental variables such as antifiamer types(A, B, C, D), antifoamer contents(0, 1, 2, 3%). Air content test and compressive, flexural tests were carried out to measure the improved properties of RSLMM and RSLMC. Chloride ion permeability test was carried out to estimate water permeability resistance. The results of RSLMM showed that the decrease of 50% air content was obtained by admixturing a antifoam agent by 1%. The compressive strength and flexural strength at 3 hours after RSLMC placement were 235kgf/cm$^2$ and 49kgf/cm$^2$, respectively, which exceeded the flexural strength criterion of 45kgf/cm$^2$ in order to open the RSLMC placed to traffic. The chloride permeability using A and C antifoamer at 28 days were below 100 coulombs, which was the permeability rating of negligible according to ASTM.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.833-845
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• 2015

In the world total boron reserve rating, Turkey is taken place on the first rank, meeting the demand of refined mineral and main boron chemicals. Development of the new boron products and production technologies, spreading the using area of the boron are the study topics which must be finically discussed. In this study, with the help of colemanite taken in ratio as (0%, 7.5%, 12.5%, and 17.5%) by being mixed by the cement, surfaces of the pumice aggregates have been covered. Permeability of the samples has been investigated by producing lightweight concrete with 400 dose with the help of aggregates covered with colemanite. For this, the experiments of water absorption, capillary water absorption, depth of penetration of water under pressure and rapid chloride permeability have been performed. In addition, analyses of the thin section of covered and uncovered pumice aggregates and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) have been investigated. When the control samples produced with the covered aggregates and concretes produced with colemanite covered aggregates are compared each other, it has been determined that special lightweight concretes whose values of capillary water absorption experiment, depth of penetration of water under pressure experiment and rapid chloride permeability are low can be produced.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.455-460
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• 2003

Microstructural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe-46 wt%Ni and Fe-36 wt%Ni alloys were investigated. Alloys were prepared by the electrodeposition process. The electrolytes were iron sulfate/nickel chloride-based and iron chloride/nickel sulfamate-based solutions. Fe-46 wt%Ni alloy was FCC structure with grain size of 10 nm, but FCC and BCC phases were found in Fe-36 wt%Ni alloy and its grain size was smaller. Effective permeability of Fe-36 wt%Ni alloy was higher than that of Fe-46 wt%Ni alloy in the high frequency range because of large electrical resistivity and small eddy current loss resulted from grain size decrease. Up to $300^{\circ}C$ of annealing temperature, grain growth of Fe-Ni alloys slowly occured. Conversely, annealing above $450^{\circ}C$ led to a drastic grain growth. In that case, effective permeability was decreased at the temperature lower than $300^{\circ}C$ but at $300^{\circ}C$ or higher effective permeability was increased. At the high frequency of 1 MHz, electrodeposited Fe-Ni alloys had higher effective permeability with an decrease in the grain size.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2016

요소 분해 미생물을 이용하여 흙 입자 사이에 칼사이트를 석출시킬 때 칼슘원이 필요하며, 일반적으로 염화칼슘을 칼슘원으로 사용하고 있다. 염화칼슘은 도로, 지반 및 주변 식물에 부작용을 일으키므로 본 연구에서는 버려지는 달걀껍질을 사용한 칼슘원을 개발하고자 하였다. 미생물에 기존 칼슘원인 염화칼슘 또는 식초로 달걀껍질을 분해하여 얻은 새로운 칼슘원을 혼합하여 모래 입자 사이에 칼사이트를 생성시킨 다음, 고결모래의 칼사이트 생성량, 투수계수 및 일축압축강도를 비교 분석하였다. 공시체 제작은 느슨한 상태의 Ottawa모래로 직경 5cm, 높이 10cm 공시체를 만든 다음 Sporosarcina pasteurii 미생물을 포함한 요소와 두 종류의 칼슘원을 1일 1회씩 30일 동안 주입하여 제작하였다. 칼슘원으로 달걀껍질을 사용한 경우 칼사이트 생성량은 평균 7.2%로 염화칼슘을 사용한 경우보다 1.2배 높았다. 또한 달걀껍질을 사용하여 고결시킨 공시체의 투수계수는 평균 3.82E-5cm/s로 7.7배 정도 감소하였으며, 일축압축강도는 평균 387kPa로 염화칼슘을 사용한 경우보다 1.2배 높았다. 한편, 칼슘원에 관계없이 칼사이트 생성량이 증가할수록 강도는 증가하고 투수계수는 감소하는 경향을 보였다.