• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2017

The root bark extract of Aralia taibaiensis is used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in China. The total saponin extracted from Aralia Taibaiensis (sAT) has effective combined antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. However, the active compounds have not yet been fully investigated. In the present study, we examined effects of twelve triterpenoid saponins on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and found that compound 28-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl ester (AT12) significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). AT12 effectively decreased blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanism by which AT12 activated AMPK was subsequently investigated. Intracellular ATP level and oxygen consumption were significantly reduced by AT12 treatment. The findings suggested AT12 was a novel AMPK activator, and could be useful for the treatment of metabolic diseases.

• 천문학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2017

We analyze the time data recorded in Korean astronomical almanacs for the years from 1913 to 1945, which belong to the period in which Japan occupied Korea (1910-1945). These almanacs, published by Japanese scholars, differ from previous almanacs in terms of organization, content, and calendrical methods. In this study, we first extract twelve kinds of time data from the almanacs at the following times: solar terms, rising and setting of the Sun and Moon, transit of the Sun, phases of the Moon (i.e., new Moon, first quarter Moon, full Moon, and last quarter Moon), and eclipses of the Sun and Moon. Then, we compare the time data with that obtained from modern calculations. Even though all time data in the almanacs are tabulated in units of minutes, we calculate the data in units of seconds and determine the root mean square (RMS) deviation values for each kind of time data to estimate the accuracy of the data. Our findings are as follows: First, the kind and tabulation method of time data changes several times. For instance, solar transit time is listed only for six years from 1937 to 1942. Second, the times of two equinoxes and those of a new Moon are considerably close to midnight. Third, there are some typographical errors in the almanacs, particularly in the times of moonrise and moonset. Fourth, the contact times for lunar eclipses represent the times of the umbra and not of the penumbra, which is different from the times for solar eclipses. Finally, the RMS deviation values are approximately 0.5 min on average in all kinds of time data, even though they show slightly large differences in the times related to the Moon. In conclusion, we believe that this study is useful for investigating the time data in the almanacs of other East Asian countries that were published during the same period, such as China, Japan, and Manchuria.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2010

안전성이 확보된 천연항균제 개발을 목표로, 국내에서 유통되고 있는 국내산 및 수입산 한방 생약재 61종류로부터 원산지별, 부위별 에탄올 추출물 68종을 조제하고 이들의 항균활성을 평가하였다. 사용한 생약재는 중국산 46종, 국내산 14종, 북한산 5종 및 베트남산 3종이었으며, 사용 생약재의 부위로는 뿌리가 27종으로 많았으며, 열매, 껍질, 줄기, 잎, 종자, 꽃, 균핵, 꽃가루 순이었다. 생약재의 평균수분함량은 7.10% 이었고, 에탄올에 대한 평균 추출율은 6.75%를 나타내었다. Disc-diffusion법에 의한 생약재의 항균활성 결과, 고본(중국산), 팔각향, 등심초, 오배자, 단삼 및 정향에서 광범위한 항세균 및 항진균 활성을 확인하였으며, 이들에 대한 최소생육억제농도(MIC)와 최소사멸농도(MBC/MFC)를 평가한 결과, 정향에서 다양한 세균, 진균에 대해1.25 mg/mL의 MIC와 1.25~5.00 mg/mL의 MBC/MFC를 나타내어 가장 광범위한 항균활성을 확인하였으며, 등심초, 오배자, 단삼에서는 Escherichia coli와 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 를 제외한 세균에서 0.08~0.63 mg/mL의 MIC와 0.08~2.50 mg/mL의 MBC/MFC를 나타내어 강력한 항세균 활성을 확인하였다. 한편 68종 시료의 인간 적혈구에 대한 용혈활성 평가 결과, 고본(중국산) 추출물이 $500\;{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 17.8%의 용혈활성이 나타나, 이를 제외한 팔각향, 등심초, 오배자, 단삼 및 정향 추출물을 천연항균제 한방자원으로 최종 선정하였다.