• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.271-280
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• 2001

The aim of the present study was to analyze relationship between dietary habits and dental caries experience in preschool children. All 143 boys and 124 girls living in a chonju city were investigated dmf index by dentists through oral examination and dietary habit by children's mothers through questionaires such as infant diets and food preferences. The statistical analysis were performed to evaluate whether variations in dietary habits are related to dental caries experience. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The average dmf index scores of all children were examined $2.92{\pm}1.05$. The girls had higher than the boys, but no significant differences between the genders were seen the dmf index(P>0.05). 2. The higher were their age of children, the higher dmf index was investigated. The dmf index of 5 and 6-yr old childrens was higher than that in 3 and 4-yr old children(P<0.05). 3. No significant difference was found between the present of mother's occupation (P>0.05) and type of infant dietary habits(P>0.05). 4. The fruits and sea weeds were showed high degree of preference and fats and vegetables were showed low degree generally. Among 13 food groups, there was no significant difference between boys and girls except for sea weeds(P>0.05). 5. Among 13 food groups, the dmf index was positively associated with sugars(r=0.3854, P<0.05), dairy products(r=0.4328, P<0.05) and soft drinks(r=0.2586, P<0.05), and negatively associated with other food groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.141-154
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• 2022

Purpose: This study determined the relationships between maternal comprehensive feeding practices (CFP) and dietary practices of preschool children. Methods: Participants of the study were 227 mothers of children aged 3 to 5 years attending daycare centers and kindergartens in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province of Korea. The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire was used to assess the maternal feeding practices. The Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P) was measured to evaluate dietary practice and diet quality of children. Results: The balance of NQ-P for children was positively correlated with the modeling, restrictions for weight control, encouragement of balance and variety, pressure, and involvement among maternal CFP. Moderation of NQ-P was positively correlated with monitoring, modeling, teaching about nutrition, encouragement of balance and variety, environment, and involvement among maternal CFP. However, it was negatively correlated with emotion regulation, food as a reward, and child control in maternal CFP. Among maternal CFP, the environment of NQ-P was positively correlated with monitoring, modeling, teaching about nutrition, encouragement of balance and variety, environment, and involvement, and it was negatively correlated with emotion regulation. As a multiple regression analysis, maternal CFP that positively predicted balance of NQ-P indices were restricted for weight control, pressure, and involvement. Among maternal CFP, encouragement of balance and variety, and environment were positive predictors, while food as a reward, and child control were negative predictors for the moderation of NQ-P. Items of maternal CFP positively predicting environmental factors of NQ-P were monitoring and environment. Conclusion: Mothers are recommended to practice dietary guidance to their children, such as monitoring, modeling, teaching about nutritional information, recommendation of balance and diversity, healthy eating environment, and participation in meal plan and preparation, while they are advised not to conduct any adverse dietary guidance such as emotional control, compensation with food, child control, and food coercion.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.69-81
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate food behavior in relation to the program of kindergarten and day care center as well as to identify problems which can be aroused there. We conducted the survey repeatedly, ten times among same 124 preschool children below 5 years old. The instruments were categorized into 3 different parts: part 1 for pre-meal food behavior, part 2 for mid-meal food behavior, and part 3 for after-meal food behavior. These were types of checklists which consisted of guideline of habit formation for daily life, especially food habit were developed on the basis of the National Kindergarten Curriculum. We Have reached the following results. $\circled1$ The group of below 3 year-old children had lunch and snacks more frequently than other age groups. $\circled2$ The children's age did playa role as one of the factors which influences on children's food behavior. The less frequency of taking meals in day care center the better their food behavior score. $\circled3$ Therefore, the age of children whose age is 3 or Jess spent more (of day) time at care center and had significantly more number of meals and snack at the care center. In such case, the food behavior was found to be not in good shape. I-ence, the children who were more exposed to feeding meal in kindergarten and day care center, were like to form unfavorable food behavior. The average food behavior score is significantly correlated with pre-mea, mid-meal, and post-meal food behavior. The study suggested that feeding program for young children at kindergarten and day care center should be systematized and developed on the basis of the status of their food behavior.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2020

Objectives: Prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure may be associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the relationship between Cd exposure during gestation and ADHD at 6 years of age. Methods: As part of an ongoing cohort study (the Environment and Development of Children study), 479 mother-child pairs from Seoul, Korea were included for analysis between 2008 and 2011. The whole blood concentration of Cd was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The parents were surveyed about ADHD behaviors in their children at age 6. Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between prenatal exposure to Cd and ADHD at 6 years of age. Results: Increased prenatal Cd concentrations were associated with increased scores for ADHD for girls, but not for boys, at age 6. A 2-fold increase in the prenatal Cd level was significantly associated with a 22.3% (95% confidence interval, 11.6 to 34.1) increase in ADHD in girls at 6 years of age, as indicated by the linear regression model. Conclusions: Our results identified significant associations between prenatal Cd exposure and ADHD scores in 6-year-old girls.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.99-117
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• 2001

This study looked at the validity of assessments of academic giftedness in young children, details of assessment procedures and tasks related to them. It has shown that academic giftedness in young children can be reliably observed and reported by parents and teachers through similar characteristics to older gifted children. But for young preschool children since the potentiality rather than the current performance level is more important to detect and children's abilities are not fully differentiated, more systematic and comprehensive assessments are needed. Parents'and/or teachers' referrals, behavior checklists for the gifted, tests for creativity, short or group forms of standardized tests and finally individualized tests can be used as a comprehensive battery but these methods can be used stepwise for the sake of efficiency and economy. Especially the variability of performance in young children during the rapid developmental phase as well as their vulnerability by situational factors ask for the repeated assessments as regular bases. In this study different measures for gifted young children, specialists' qualification, and procedural guidance were reviewed and the necessity for various screening tools for different programs for the gifted was discussed. Finally it was emphasized that early assessment and following educational arrangement are needed for gifted young children for their optimal development.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2006

The early childhood is a pivotal period for the development of creativity since creative imaginary is rich at the age from 4 to 4.5 years old, The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between children's creativity, playfulness and multiple intelligence. 91 children(41 boy, 50 girls) attending preschool in jeon-ju city were participated in this research, The age of children was 6 years(average 73.7 months), After collecting the data to find the connections between children's creativity, playfulness and multiple intelligence from the subjects' data using the SPSS WIN 10.0 program, along with t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation in this paper. 1. There was significant correlation between children's playfulness and creativity. Intelligence spontaneousness the element of the playfulness has a correlation with Creativity strengths, Elaboration. In addition, Resistance to Premature Closure has a correlation with social spontaneity, And Originality has a correlation with the Expression of Pleasure the element of the playfulness, 2. There was a significant positive correlation between children's multiple intelligence(MI) and creativity, Fluency the element of creativity has a correlation with Interpersonal intelligence the element of multiple intelligence: And Originality has a correlation with Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, Intrapersonal intelligence the element of MI. In addition, Abstraction of Titles has a correlation with Intrapersonal intelligence. 3. There was a little correlation between children's MI and playfulness. The Expression of Pleasure has a correlation with bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, Based on the current study, the relationships between creativity, playfulness, and multiple intelligence could be identified. Especially, creativity was significantly correlated with playfulness and multiple intelligence of early childhood. Therefore, it was found that creativity of toddler might be essential factor for the development of toddler's cognitivity.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.51-67
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• 2001

Children who have problems in interacting appropriately with others typically have significant social skills deficits. Social skills training has become a primary intervention to improve the appropriate peer relationship or peer acceptance. Many social skills training programs have been designed and implemented on socially isolated children, however the findings from many studies investigating the effect of social skills interventions are various. The first purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of interventions by using quantitative method of meta-analysis. Second, it was to review a various research in detail. Third, it was to provide the basis of planning a social skills training program. For these purposes, findings from 26 studies investigating the effects of social skills interventions for 624 socially isolated children (5-12 years) were analyzed. The result of this study were the following : The pooled overall mean effect size(ES) was 1.11. On average, the pooled mean effect size(ES) according to the different research variables was large, meaning that the social skills intervention had a great effect and was socially important and necessary for socially isolated children. It would be recommended that social skills programs include appropriate target behaviors through multidisciplinary assessment process. This program should mainly focus on the improvement of prosocial behavior skills as well as reducing problem behaviors. For preschool children, over 50 minutes per session, two to three sessions per week, for a total of total over 20 sessions would be ideal. Posttest and follow-up need to perform for generalization and maintenance. Content of the program should be tailored to the developmental level as well as the interest level of the children.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to explore appropriate fire safety education programs for young children by both examining the actual damage condition and problems associated with fire accident in young children and considering fire safety education programs in America and legal basis for fire safety education in Korea. The results are as follows. First, the mortality of young children by fire accident in Korea is higher than that of U.K, Germany, and Sweden. Second, it is defined by the Child Welfare Law in Korea to implement the mandatory fire safety education for young children in kindergarten and preschool programs. Third, in order to activate fire safety education programs for young children, the fire safety education needs to be suitable for children's developmental characteristics, and various audiovisual materials and activity programs should be developed and provided. Fourth, fire safety education both for early childhood teachers and parents needs to be interrelated and systemized to reduce the risk of fire accident.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.10
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• pp.312-319
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of the Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) for infants and children for developmental delay assessment. Methods: This study was based on retrospective studies of the results of the K-DST, Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES), Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, and extensive tests conducted in 209 of 1,403 patients, of whom 758 underwent the K-DST at the Korea University Guro Hospital between January 2015 and December 2016 and 645 were referred from local clinics between January 2015 and June 2016. Results: Based on the K-DST results, the male children significantly more frequently required further or follow-up examination than the female children in most test sections, except for gross motor. The male children had notably lower mean scores than the female children. The PRES/SELSI results showed that when more further or follow-up evaluations were required in the K-DST communication section, significantly more problems in language delay or disorder emerged. When further or follow-up evaluation was required in the cognitive section in the CARS/M-CHAT, the possibility of autism increased significantly. A child tended to score low in the CARS test and show autism when further or follow-up evaluation was recommended in the K-DST. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the usefulness of the K-DST as a screening test early in the development of infants and children in Korea. Data of normal control groups should be examined to determine the accuracy of this investigation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.132-143
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• 2014

This study discusses factors that affect on female workers' stress from nurturing. Referring to the first research (2008) and the second research (2009) of KLoWF, the study analyzed the data of 218 female workers with one or more preschool children. The results from the analysis are as the following. First, the female workers who acknowledge her image as a traditional woman are more likely to be exposed to greater stress. Therefore, now working mothers need to free themselves from the traditional idea. Second, since it was clearly observed that husbands' who share family responsibilities has a significant impact on women's stress from nurturing, a new focus should be on the effectiveness of husband's sharing of family responsibilities, whereas it has been mainly focused on education of working mothers. Third, considering the result that nurturing expense variable showed a significant statistics, there is a desperate need of a political task to support nurturing expenses.