• Title/Summary/Keyword: children, preschool

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Current Situation and Policies of Early Childhood Care and Education in North Korea (북한의 보육 정책 및 현황)

  • Lee, So Hee;Kwack, Young Sook;Joung, Yoo-Sook;Lee, Soyoung Irene;Kim, Bongseog;Sohn, Seok Han;Chung, Un-Sun;Yang, Jaewon;Bhang, Soo-Young;Hwang, Jun-Won;Hong, Minha;Lee, Yeon Jung;Bahn, Geon Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2014
  • In order to resolve the decline in population due to low birthrates, the South Korean government is expanding its free child care policies with an increased budget. In anticipating the effects and problems of our system, it will be worthy of attention to refer to the child care systems of other countries. In this paper, we reviewed the past and present policies and the current situation of the child care system in North Korea. North Korea started its free child care system earlier than that of South Korea, for the purpose of utilizing the women's labor force and rearing children to be revolutionary men of Juche type (Kimilsungism), in order to construct a communistic society. 'Child Care Education Law', which is the legal foundation of the child care system, regulates institutions for nursery schools and kindergarten and informs people that the country is responsible for support of child care. Despite their interest and progress in both quantity and quality in the child care system until the 1980s, the free child care system was partially disrupted, and discrepancies between ideology and actual situation were revealed due to economic difficulties from the 1990s. Because people's survival and physical health have been threatened, it is barely possible to find any study investigating the effect of institutional child care from early childhood and the instillation of unique ideology by group education from the preschool period on mental health.

COMPARISON OF SEVERE EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES PREVALENCES BY TWO DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA (진단 기준에 따른 취학전 어린이의 중증 유아기 우식증 유병률 비교)

  • Lim, Kyoung-Uk;Lee, Kwang-Hee;Ra, Ji-Young;Lee,, Dong-Jin;An, So-Youn;Kim, Ji-Yeong;Song, Ji-Hyun;Kim, Yun-Hee
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.677-683
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of study was to compare the prevalences of severe early childhood caries(S-ECC) using two different diagnostic criteria. The subjects of this study included 401 preschool children from 36 to 71 months of the randomly selected seven nurseries in Iksan city. Severe early childhood caries was defined as (1) 1 or more cavitated, missing (due to caries), or filled smooth surfaces in primary maxillary anterior teeth or (2) a decayed, missing, or filled score of ${\geq}$4 (age 3), ${\geq}$5 (age 4), or ${\geq}$6 (age 5) surfaces. The prevalence determined by maxillary anterior caries and the prevalence determined by dmfs were 26.7%, 28.9% in 3 years, 32.4%, 30.4% in 4 years, 39.4%, 41.3% in 5 years, and 35.4%, 35.9% in all, respectively. The results suggest that the two diagnostic criteria of the severe early childhood caries yield almost the same results.

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A STUDY ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PARENTAL CONSULTATION ON THE WEBSITE OF KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY AND THE DIRECTION OF IMPROVEMENT (대한소아치과학회 홈페이지의 진료 상담 코너 분석 및 개선 방향)

  • Woo, Jue-Hyung;Chung, Tae-Ryun;Kim, Jung-Uk;Kim, Chong-Chul
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.699-703
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the parental consultations, patients' age and consulters. Also it was to improve the tendency of consultation homepage The subjects were 2485 questions on Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Homepage except deleted questions which were not related with consultations. The examined contents were categorized into patients' age, counseling contents, consulters. The results were as follows: 1. Patients mostly belonged to preschool children(64.29%). 2. In the subjects, questions were mostly about growth and development, restorative and pulp treatment. 3. In the subdivided subjects, great part of questions were about tooth eruption, restorative and pulp treatment and trauma. 4. The 93.72% of consulters were mothers. 5. We should reinforce with FAQ about growth and development, restorative and pulp treatment and trauma. Also we should improve on quality of information and childcare related contents and Homepage related pediatric dentistry.

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In a Universal Design Viewpoint Usability Evaluation Research to PET Bottle (유니버설 디자인 관점에서의 PET BOTTLE에 대한 사용성 평가 연구 -어린이 음료용기를 중심으로-)

  • Kim Sang-Sik
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.5 no.5
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    • pp.124-132
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    • 2005
  • While use of a pet bottle with use it is light recently and convenient increases quickly, it is used from the child, also diffusing the user to a pet bottle to people of various classes, such as an old person, a woman, a male, the man in the street, and a disabled person. However, those who are standardized on the basis of the common man with the plan energy of a pet bottle, and cannot attain to the standard, That is, a child and a disabled person may be condemnedto the vague situation that a lid cannot be opened or a contents thing cannot be drunk without external help. And the characteristic of a material and production which are called PET Even if convenience is emphasized for the cost reduction of COST, a design is chosen easily, and even if it calls it the man in the street, the point of coming to experience a situation with the difficult time of use can be found well. In research of a book, problem derivation which classifies entering school and a preschool boy and girl child for a child drink for an object first by the viewpoint of universal design paying attention to such problems, and leads the actual use example of a pet bottle was carried out in true heart, and various notional approach was shown by the solution method.

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A Basie Community Health Survey in Rural Korea (Soyang-Myun) (소양면 지역사회 환경기초조사)

  • Choi, Sung-Yul
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.133-160
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    • 1973
  • 1. Introduction Community medicine with the concept of comprehensive medical care and an ideal medical care delivery system not only for an individual or family but for the whole community has emerged. In April 1970, the Presbyterian Medical Center started a hospital based community health service project in order to improve the health of the people in rural areas. Prior to commencing a comprehensive medical care system, a family survey was needed. The major objective of this survey was to obtain information concerning the people and their environment so as to be able to plan and implement a comprehensive medical care program in Soyang-Myun. 2. Survey Method An interview using a family record form was carried out for each household. This family record form was designed to get information about demography, family planning, environmental sanitation and vital statistics. Prior to beginning, the members of the survey team were trained in interviewing techniques for three days. The team consisted of a public health nurse, four nurse-aides, a sanitarian and four health extension workers who are working in our project, The survey was carried out during the period November 1971 to March 1972. 3. Project area 1) Population of Soyang-Myun was 11,668; male, 5,962 and female, 5,706. Sex ratio: 104.5. 2) Households : 1,858 3) Family size: The average household consisted of 6.3 persons. 4) Educational level of householder a. Illiterate 13% b. No schooling but able to read 10% c. Preschool children 19% d. Primary school 47% e. Middle school 7% f. High school 3% g. College or University 1% 5) Occupational distribution of householders a. Farmer 67% b. Laborer 13% c. Office worker 4% d. Merchant 4% e. Industrial worker 2% f. Unemployed 8% g. Miscellaneous 2% 6) Religious affiliation a. No religion 74% b. Buddhist 12% c. Protestant 10% d. Catholic 4% 4. Survey results Living Environment : a. Home ownership 95% b. Kinds of roofing Straw-thatched house 84% Tile-roofed house 10% Slate-roofed house 5% Other 1% c. Floor space Less than 6 pyong 10% 6-10 pyong 53% 11-15 pyong 24% 16-20 pyong 9% More than 20 pyong 4% d. Radio ownership 80% Environmental Sanitation : a. the source of drinking water public well 49% private well 30% drainage water 9% steam water 8% well pump 3% water distribution system 1% b. Distance between well and toilet more than 16meters 38% 6-10 meter 31% 11-15 meters 14% Less than 6 meters 17% c. The status of well management Bad 72% Fair 26% Good 2% d. General sanitary state of house Bad 37% Fair 51% Good 12% e. House drainage system had no house drainage. 77% Family Planning : a. 24% of the people have used contraceptives, but 12% ceased to use them. 76% have never used contraceptives. b. used methods 1oop 68% oral pill 16% vasectomy 4% condom 1% tubal ligation 1% two or more methods 10% Maternal Health : a. The number of conceptions of housewives under 50 years of age. 11 times 26% 6 times 11% 5 times 11% 4 times 9% b. The place of delivery own house 88% hospital 1% others 11% Treatment of general sickness : a. The place of treatment Soyang Health Center 31% Hospital (private or otherwise) 26% Pharmacy 14% Herb medicine 5% Private care 5% No treatment 12% Miscellaneous 7% b. Usual causes of diseases Unknown 46% Tuberculosis 29% Neuralgia 8% CVA 3% Bronchitis 3% Others 11%

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An Analysis of Structural Relationships of the Cognitive and Communication Ability Related Variables on Infants (영아기 인지·의사소통 발달 관련요인 간의 구조적 관계 분석)

  • Back, Ji Sook;Kwon, Eun Joo
    • Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.103-123
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    • 2018
  • This study investigated the structural relationships among infant's cognitive and communication ability, temperament, teacher-infants interaction, and mothers' parenting stress. Subjects used in this study were 249 infnats whose mean age of 30.21 months, and who were attended in preschool in S city. Research instruments used in collecting data were 'K-ASQ(Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaires)', 'EAS(Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability-Temperament Survey for Children-Parental Ratings)', 'PSI/SF(Parenting Stress Index/ Short Form)', 'ECOI'. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 program. Pearson's correlation and Structural equation model analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings are as follows. First, there were positive correlations between infant's cognitive and communication ability with social-ability temperament, teacher-infants interaction. There were negative correlations between infant's cognitive and communication ability with infant's emotionality temperament, mothers' parenting stress. Second, social-ability temperament directly affected disposition toward cognitive ability, but in-direct effect was not significant. Emotionality temperament partially mediated the effects of parenting stress toward cognitive ability. Third, social ability directly affected disposition toward language ability, but in-direct effect was not significant. There has no significant path of temperament to teacher-child interaction, but teacher-child interaction has direct effect to infant's cognitive ability. Finally, all path about infant's communication ability were not significant.

Acute Appendicitis in Children and Adolescents: Factors Associated with Perforation and the Causative Organism (소아 청소년의 급성 충수염: 천공과 연관된 인자 및 원인균)

  • Lee, Sol;Kwon, Hyuck Jin;Ahn, Soo Min;Lee, Kwan Seop;Kim, Kwang Nam
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This study aimed to determine which factors are related to perforated appendicitis. We also conducted a survey to identify the causative organism. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2014, 569 pediatric patients (322 male) younger than 19 years old who underwent an appendectomy due to acute appendicitis at Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital were enrolled. Patients' medical records were reviewed retrospectively to determine their clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging results, and pathogens. Results: About 127 patients (22%) had perforated appendicitis. The rate of perforated appendicitis in preschool, late childhood, and adolescent ages were 50%, 27%, and 16.8%, respectively. The risk factors of perforation were high C-reactive protein levels and the presence of appendiceal fecalith (P<0.001). Of the 24 samples of peritoneal fluid and periappendiceal pus that were collected intraoperatively, 16 were culture positive. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (n=10), and others were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. Conclusions: The perforation rate of appendicitis among patients younger than 5 years old was 50%, and this decreased in proportion with age. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of perforation when patients with appendicitis have high C-reactive protein levels or the presence of appendiceal fecalith on imaging.

The Sequential Effects of WebCam Wireless Moritoring Service on Customer Loyalty (웹캠 무선원격 모니터링 서비스가 고객충성도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Ryu, In-Soo;Chae, Myung-Sin
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.51-79
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    • 2009
  • Today the service industry is growing, and differentiated services for marketing and service quality is emerging as a serious problem. Until now, the WebCam is used for observation, and the negative aspects, such as from a human rights issue has become. Discipline and Punish is not to use a webcam to customer satisfaction research is needed. Therefore, wireless monitoring in WebCam service quality of the service reconfiguration and service quality factors for the configuration of the customer's preference regarding how research was recognized. Configuration of the service quality factors WebCam service customer satisfaction and customer loyalty was to identify factors that affect. These services to study the correlation between the quality variables WebCam provides wireless monitoring services for the preschool and children, a survey of the house. Configuring a wireless monitoring service quality in order to research the factors WebCam video quality and transmission speed, mobility and portability, convenience, visibility, reliability, and the interaction of the castle set. Severely and video quality and transmission speed, visibility, reliability, customer satisfaction, the interaction factors are said. Inclination to participate in social issues, innovation, digital devices that use a skilled, depending on the difference in the service quality has been confirmed. However, the age and quality of service awareness and job types showed a low correlation, and the marketing of these results will be discussed and how that can be used.

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The Impact of Maternal Stress on Parenting Efficacy -An Analysis of Path Difference between Income Groups- (어머니의 스트레스가 부모효능감에 미치는 영향 -소득 집단 간 경로차이 분석-)

  • Kim, Jean-Ie
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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    • no.36
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    • pp.101-132
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    • 2011
  • Using data collected from Korean mothers (N=429) with preschool children (aged 3 to 5 years) in 12 day care centers in Seoul, this study aims to empirically demonstrate the different pathways acute and chronic stress affect parenting efficacy of mothers according to the income group to which they belong. Analytic results show mothers in the low-income group show higher levels of depressive symptoms than mothers in the middle-income group, and the former also show more frequent and higher levels of acute and chronic stress than the latter. The mediation model results show that acute stress and chronic stress did not directly affect parenting efficacy, but rather indirectly affect parenting efficacy through maternal depressive symptoms. Acute stress and chronic stress are both significant factors affecting depressive symptoms with chronic stress exerting greater influence. When the total effect was analyzed, chronic stress has a greater effect on parenting efficacy than acute stress. The effect of chronic stress on maternal depressive symptoms is greater on low-income mothers than middle-income mothers, while the effect of acute stress on maternal depressive symptoms and the effect of those symptoms on parenting efficacy are greater on middle class families than low-income families. In order to maximize effective parenting in high-risk situations, the psychological welfare of mothers needs to be protected from the environmental difficulties they face. Based on the results, policies to support women and parents at the national and social levels are discussed.

A Study on Pre-service Early Childhood Teachers' Perception of Bullying (예비유아교사의 따돌림 인식에 대한 연구)

  • Bae, Jae-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.417-426
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    • 2019
  • This study examined to offer practical implications for the bullying for the prevention and response in early childhood education at the scene of the bullying that occur by to confirm the perception of the bullying to pre-service early childhood teachers. The survey questionnaire was completed by 313 pre-service early childhood teachers. SPSS Win program was used to perform frequency analysis, ANOVA. (1)The perception of bullying were significantly different according to grade and experience of child care practice, classroom observation, education program for taking preventive measure. (2)Teachers' perception about the action that can be seen as bullying followed by 'apply the violence, such as kicking, or were frequent', 'shared in things that often prevents','often to another carrier or shame in front of a friend'. (3)Perception about characteristics of bullying Perpetrators was 'aggressive behavior and talk much' and perception about characteristics of bullying victims was 'shy and not much'. (4)The reason of bullying perpetrators was 'Just for fun without a special reason' and the cause of bullying victims was 'problem of parents' child-rearing attitudes and home environment'. (5)Important institutions to combat bullying prevention followed by teacher, parents and family, community and the nation, preschool educational institution. Teachers guidance content of combat and prevent bullying was 'to be isolated from the class to infants continue to monitor'. Parents guidance content of combat and prevent bullying was 'communicate a lot and attention to children'. Early childhood education institutions guidance content of combat and prevent bullying was 'operations to come up with the bullying prevention education in educational time'. This study indicated that it is necessary to make efforts for increasing perception of bullying in pre-service early childhood teachers.