• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 1979

This study was carried out for the evaluation on the sociomedical characteristics of 1,580 cases who had recieved vasectomy and laparoscopic sterilization at the Busan Family Planning Clinic from January 1975 to December 1973. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In age distribution, the most predominant age group consited of 30.34 years as 44.7%. In regional distribution, the most predominant region was Youngdo Ku in the vasectomy group and Dong Ku in the laparoscopic sterilization group. 2. The educational level showed that the high school graduates(49.2%) in the vasectomy group and the primary school graduates(47.0%) in the laparoscopic sterilization group were the highest each other. 3. The most predominant experienced contraceptive method before accepted permanant sterilization operation was oral pills and non-experienced contraceptive method group was 54.1% of the total. 4. By the span of marital life before accepted permanant sterilization operation, the 5-9 years group was the highest. 5. The average number of living children per family was 2.54 in the vasectomy group and 3.0 in the laparoscopic sterilization group. 6. The average frequency of pregnancy per case was 2 in the vasectomy group and 3 in the laparoscopic sterilization group and the most predominant frequency of induces abortion was 1 per case. 7. The most predominant motive of accepting the sterilization operation were family planning education at the reserve forces training in the vasectomy group and at the mother's club in the laparoscopic sterilization group. 8. By the residing status of the cases, rented room was the highest as 69.4%.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.794-806
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• 2020

This study was conducted in order to attain an in-depth understanding of and describe the Ego-Integrity Phenomenon of the elderly of age 65 and older. The data was collected from June 2020 to July 2020 as an in-depth interview consisting of semi-structured questions. The data was analyzed using the Colaizzi's method, one of the phenomenology methods. All interviews were recorded and transcribed for analysis. Through analysis, 309 significant statements were extracted, and 88 formulations of meaning, 53 themes, 16 theme clusters, and 5 categories were derived. The categories and the theme clusters are as such : 'reflecting on the past life with delight' ('fruitfulness over the lifetime', 'achieving through fulfilling responsibilities', 'achieved specially and gratefully'), 'Currently lonely and distressed due to the bitter old days' ('Physical health needs and psychosocial needs are not met', 'Wasn't able to make good choices for parents and children', 'Elderly life is not easy'), 'Satisfaction from enduring tough and difficult journeys in life' ('Compensated for hard work at workplace and home', 'Problem solved through endurance and overcoming', 'Living a healthy elderly life by escaping from the habits of the past'), 'Realizing the way of life as an elderly' ('Now is the best and most satisfying moment', 'Managing self in old age', 'Living passionately, though it may be late', 'Retiring from the forefront of life with an abundant heart'), 'Passing on beautifully' ('Desires toward the later years', 'Hope during the last moments', 'Appearance and emotions when death approaches'). It was observed that during the Ego-Integrity Phenomenon of the elderly, they have come to discern the meaning of life by reminiscing the regrets and difficulties of the past, and through this reminiscence, they have come to attain a positive and transcendental hope for the rest of their lives. The Ego-Integrity of the elderly appeared to be subjective, dynamic, and occurring simultaneously rather than continuously. It is recommended to develop a variety of nursing interventions while taking into consideration the age and the type of experience of the elderly.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.88-101
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• 2009

Objectives: Since Korean traditional medicine has an integrative perspective by its nature, the patients' psychological and physical problems in a Korean traditional clinic may be resolved through a more integrative approach. The purpose of this study was to describe the latent characteristics of psychological health of child outpatients and their parents visiting Korean traditional clinic with physical complaints and was to propose an alternative curriculum to meet their needs based on their psychological and physical aspects. Methods: Subjects studied consisted of 100 outpatients (59 boys, 41 girls, mean age 55 months, age range 18 to 83 months) and their parents. Behavior characteristics for children were measured by Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (CBCL1.5-5) while parenting stress, depression, and anxiety for parent were measured by Korean-Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (K-PSI-SF), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), respectively. The data of subjects were compared to those of standardized groups and then were compared according to child's gender within sample. Results: Child participants were reported to have significantly higher scores of all CBCL 1.5-5 subscales than the standardized group. When compared, no differences of K-PSI-SF, CES-D, and STAI was found between parents of participants and the standardized groups. However, parents of child participants with at-risk psychological problems showed significantly higher scores of all parenting stress subscales than those of all child participants. In addition, the mothers of boy participants demonstrated significantly higher anxiety, depression and parenting stress than those of girl participants irrespective of psychological severity. Conclusions: We discussed the implication of these results in clinical situation and make recommendations for curriculum of psychiatry and pediatrics with the aim of improving proper diagnosis, consulting and treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.231-238
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• 2016

Purpose: Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is a 65-kDa acute phase protein, derived from the liver, which is present in high concentrations in plasma. Data regarding the association between circulating plasma LBP levels and obesity-related biomarkers in the pediatric population are scarce. We aimed to determine whether there was a difference in plasma LBP levels between overweight/obese and normal-weight adolescents and to assess the correlation of circulating LBP levels with anthropometric measures and obesity-related biomarkers, including insulin resistance, liver enzyme levels, and lipid profiles. Methods: The study included 87 adolescents aged 12-13 years; 44 were overweight/obese and 43 were of normal-weight. We assessed anthropometric and laboratory measures, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, insulin resistance, liver enzyme levels, and lipid profiles. Plasma LBP levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean age of the participants was $12.9{\pm}0.3$ years. Circulating plasma LBP levels were significantly increased in overweight/obese participants compared with those in normal-weight participants ($7.8{\pm}1.9{\mu}g/mL$ vs. $6.0{\pm}1.6{\mu}g/mL$, P<0.001). LBP levels were significantly and positively associated with BMI, systolic blood pressure, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting glucose and insulin, and insulin resistance as indicated by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (all P<0.05). In multivariate linear regression analysis, BMI and HOMA-IR were independently and positively associated with plasma LBP levels. Conclusion: LBP is an inflammatory biomarker associated with BMI and obesity-related insulin resistance in adolescents. The positive correlation between these parameters suggests a potentially relevant pathophysiological mechanism linking LBP to obesity-related insulin resistance in adolescents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.382-390
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• 2013

This study was designed to investigate the amount of free sugar according to each beverage category in coffee and beverage stores. The groups were categorized as 15 groups based on the kind of beverage material. The beverage groups contributing to total sugar per 100 mL were milk + syrup or powder, hot (12.9 g), ade (12.6 g), milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice (11.9 g), and espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice (11.4 g). The beverage groups contributing to free sugar per 100 mL were ade (12.6 g), milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice (10.8 g), espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice (10.3 g), and milk + syrup or powder, hot (9.7 g). The beverage groups contributing to total sugar (energy) per portion size were milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice 56.6 g (332.3 kcal), espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice 49.3 g (333.4 kcal), milk + syrup or powder, hot 46.3 g (372.1 kcal), and milk + syrup or powder, ice 38.1 g (325.9 kcal). The beverage groups contributing to free sugar per portion size were milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice 51.2 g, espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice 44.9 g, ade 37.1 g, milk + syrup or powder, hot 34.6 g, and milk + syrup or powder, ice 30.1 g. The percent of average free sugar per portion size of the WHO recommendation (free sugars <10% of total energy; <50 g/2,000 kcal) was milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice 102.4%, espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice 89.8%, ade 74.1%, and milk + syrup or powder, hot 69.2%. The proportion of beverage in excess of WHO recommendation per portion size was 14.6% in espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice, 22.7% in ade, and 10.9% in milk + syrup or powder, hot. Therefore, in coffee and beverage stores, menu development with reduced sugar content is needed, and nutrition information should be provided through sugar nutrition labeling.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 1994

Keratinized ginigva has clinical singificance in periodontal health because it plays important roles in resistance to mechanical trauma, to penetration of bacteria, and to tensional stress by muscle attachment. In order to investigate the width change of anterior keratinized gingvial during transitional period, the width of kerainized gingiva on anterior teeth was measured annually in elementary school children with deciduous dentition until the successive anterior teeth were completely erupted. The distance from the gingival margin on mid-portion of crown to mucogingival junction was measured by Boley gauge(Hu-Friedy, U.S.A.) and was recorded as the width of keratinized gingiva. The difference of the width of keratinized gingiva according to sex and dentition was analyzed statistically by Student t-test. Following results were obtained : 1. In deciduous dentition, it was shown that the width of keratinized gingiva on maxillary central incisors($3.28{\pm}0.83mm$) was the widest(p<0.01), and that on maxillary lateral incisors, mandibular central and lateral incisors was $2.69{\pm}0.86mm$, $2.51{\pm}0.71mm$, $2.43{\pm}0.68mm$, respectively. 2. In mixed dentition, it was shown that the width of keratinized gingiva on maxillary central incisors ($5.10{\pm}0.86$) was the widest(p<0.01), and that on maxillary lateral incisors, mandibular central and lateral incisors was $4.35{\pm}0.83mm$, $3.51{\pm}0.60mm$, $3.57{\pm}0.66mm$, respectively. 3. The width of anterior keratinized gingiva was significantly increased after the successive anterior teeth were completely erupted(p<0.001). The width of keratinized gingiva on maxillary central and lateral incisors, and mandibular central and lateral incisors was increased by $1.82{\pm}0.83mm$, $1.65{\pm}0.69mm$, $0.99{\pm}0.39mm$, and $1.14{\pm}0.98mm$, respectively. 4. There was no statistical significance in the difference of the width of anterior keratinized gingiva between male and female(p>0.05).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.530-537
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the satisfaction with pre-service childcare, the work related stress, and the conflicts perceived by pre-service childcare teachers. The data was processed using the SPSS Statistical Package Program, and the frequencies, means, and standard deviations were calculated. Reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were also conducted. The results showed that the class contents, the environment of childcare practice, and the conflicts with children were stressful and they negatively affected practice satisfaction. Second, there was statistically significant negative correlation between the pre-service teachers' childcare practice stress, conflict during the practice, and practice satisfaction. Third, the stress of preservice teachers' childcare practice and the conflict felt during the practice also affect the childcare practice satisfaction. Based on these findings, further study is needed for implementing effective measures in order to improve the practice satisfaction with exhaustive pre-practical education and the field job-oriented curriculum. These measures will enable students majoring in childcare to experience less stress and conflicts during their education.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.267-280
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• 2013

College tuition is a significant economic, social, and political issue in Korea. We conduct a Bayesian analysis of a hierarchical model to address the factors related to college tuition based on a survey data collected by Statistics Korea. A binary response variable is selected depending on if more than 70% of tuition costs are supported by parents, and a hierarchical Probit model is constructed with areas as groups. A set of explanatory variables is selected from a factor analysis of available variables in the survey. A Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to estimate parameters. From the analysis results, income and stress are significantly related to college tuition support from parents. Parents with high income tend to support children's college tuition and students with parents' financial support tend to be mentally less stressed; subsequently, this shows that the economic status of parents significantly affects the mental health of college students. Gender, a healthy life style, and college satisfaction are not significant factors. Comparing areas in terms of the degrees of correlation between stress/income and tuition support from parents, students in Kangwon-do are the most mentally stressed when parents' support is limited; in addition, the positive correlation between parents support and income is stronger in big cities compared to provincial areas.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.189-196
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• 2018

Purpose: Floppy infants or congenital hypotonia indicates decreased muscle tone in infants secondary to abnormalities of the central or the peripheral nervous system, or both. Previous literature classified its causes as those attributable to a central vs. peripheral origin; however, recent studies have introduced a newer classification describing a combined origin. We invenstigated floppy infants by applying the new etiological classification and reviewed the most common etiologies based on the age of presentation. We additionally reviewed the clinical characteristics, diagnoses, and the developmental outcomes in these infants. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical charts and recruited 116 infants diagnosed with floppy infant syndrome between January 2005 and December 2016 at Severance Children's Hospital. Among these infants, 66 with a confirmed diagnosis were reviewed for the etiological classification. Information regarding developmental outcomes was obtained via phone interviews with the infants' families. Results: Based on the new etiological classification, among 69 infants with a confirmed diagnosis, in 40 (34.5%) this syndrome was of central origin, in 19 (16.4%) of peripheral origin, and in 10 (8.6%) of combined origin. Prader-Willi syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, and spinal muscular atrophy were the most common disorders observed and combined hypotonia showed the poorest developmental outcome. Conclusion: The study states the importance of proper evaluation of etiological diagnosis and optimal intervention for developmental prognosis. The introduction of a new etiological group of combined hypotonia especially emphasizes regular monitoring and timely rehabilitative intervention in patients for the better quality of life in them as well as their caregivers.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2018

Purpose: Obesity and headache are two highly prevalent diseases both in childhood and adolescent. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of obesity in pediatric headaches patients in a single institution in Korea, and differences according to age, sex, headache type, frequency, intensity, and disability. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 340 subjects (6-18 years of age) who visited the Pediatric Headache Clinic of Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital during the period from January 2015 through March 2018. Data on age, sex, height and weight, as well as headache type, frequency, intensity and disability, were collected. Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile was calculated based on the 2017 Korean Children Adolescence Growth Chart. Results: 17.6% of the pediatric headache patients were obese. The prevalence of obesity in male patients was higher than females (Male 23.8% VS Female 11.6%, P=0.002). There were no significant differences in obesity rate according to age, headache type, frequency, intensity, and disability. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity in the pediatric headache population was 17.6% which is higher than 10.1% in general population (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, KNHANES, 2013).