• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the moderating effects of peer competence between children's perception of parenting attitudes and depression among $5^{th}$ grade elementary students. The differences are examined based by gender. Methods: 'The Children's Perception of the Parenting Attitudes Inventory', 'Children's Depression Inventory', and 'Peer Competence Inventory' were used to collect data from 200 elementary school students from Seoul, Korea. The research hypothesis were analyzed using t-tests, Pearson's correlation analysis, standard linear regression analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis via SPSS 21.0. Results: The results are as follows: First, only peer competence showed a difference between the boys and girls, where the boys scored higher than the girls. Second, there was a significant correlation between all the factors. Third, the moderating effect of peer competence on the father's parenting attitude was supported only in the boys. Conclusion: The results denote the need of a gendered approach to understanding problems and developing counseling programs to address depression among children. They also demonstrate that high peer competence can be used to treat depression in boys dissatisfied with their father' parenting attitude.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 2002

This study examined different individual and environmental factors that affect children's experience of harassment from their peers. For the individual variables, gender, behavioral problems, and self-esteem were included in the anal)'sis. For the family variables, mother's parenting style and the socio-economic status of parents were examined, and for the school variables, the supervision of the teacher and the attitudes of the classmates toward bullying were used. Two forms of peer harassment, the overt form and the relational form were examined in this study. The sample consisted of 520 fifth grade children. Statistics and methods used for the data analysis were Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, frequency, percentage, means, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. Several major relationships were found from the analyses. First, the more the children tend to internalize behavioral problems and have lower self-esteem, the more likely they are to get victimized by overt and relational forms of harassment. Boys experience more overt harassment than girls. Second, the more the mother's parenting style is permissive-nonintervening, or rejecting-restricting, and the higher the father's social status is, the more likely the child is subjected to overt and relational forms of harassment. Third, the more the children feel that the teacher is paying attention to bullying, the less the children are subjected to the overt form of peer harassment. Fourth, children's internalizing behavioral problems, mother's permissiveness-nonintervention, children's self-esteem, children's gender, and the supervision of the teacher regarding bullying significantly affected the experience of overt forms of harassment. A twenty two percent variance in the victimization of an overt form was explained by those variables. Children's internalizing behavioral problems, mother's permissiveness-nonintervention, children's self-esteem, and mother's rejection-restriction significantly affected the experience of relational form of peers harassment. Twenty six percent of the variance in the relational form of victimization was explained by those variables.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.229-240
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• 1997

This study analyzed the effects of teacher's scaffolding on children's verbal communication in dramatic play. Twenty-four five-year-old kindergarten children participated. The collected data were analyzed with the repeated measures analysis of variance and two-sample t-tests. The results showed that: the frequency of verbal communication strategies and children's episode length increased in the experimental group where the teacher intervened with the scaffolding. Children in the experimental group showed more positive response in the categories of minimal acceptances and enlarged acceptances. No gender differences were found.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.305-328
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• 2016

This study is intended to check economic value of and factors influencing children's library. To this end, data on a total of 614 questionnaires to which parents among users of 6 children's libraries responded were collected. The results of analysis by contingent valuation method after selecting library fee per person as payment vehicle were as follows. First, willingness to pay was estimated to be a monthly average of KRW 9,243 per person. Second, it was shown that factors influencing willingness to pay included the frequency of utilization, satisfaction, the number of children per family, gender, age, and income and so on. Third, with regard to influence according to each factor, an additional unit in all the rest of factors except gender increased probability of willingness to pay such as the frequency of utilization(1.140), satisfaction(1.335), the number of children per family(1.417), age(1.124), income(2.426). On the other hand, in terms of gender, probability of willingness to pay was lower in female by 0.364 than in male. The implication of this study is that an interview is held with actual user and specific amount of money is presented regarding the economic value of children's library, which has been little known until now.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.15-25
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• 2001

This study investigated the relationship between mothers'psychological life position and children's social-emotional development. Subject consisted of 303 children and their mothers enrolled in preschool at Seoul. A sample of mothers completed the questionnaire and teachers rated the social-emotional development instrument. The results showed that children's social-emotional development differed according to their gender and age. And there were differences between mothers'psychological life position as a function of educational level and employment status. Mothers'psychological life position was related to their children's social-emotional development.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 2012

This study examined the parenting beliefs and the achievement pressure of Korean mothers with five to seven year old children. The maternal parenting beliefs criterion (Ahn, 2001) and achievement pressure criterion (Hong, 2001) have been applied to 212 mothers living in Seoul or Kyonggi-Do area and analyzed. The results showed that the maternal parenting beliefs were influenced by the child's gender, while the maternal achievement pressure was not. And significant difference was seen only in between the educational background and the maternal parenting beliefs, and the employment status and interaction effects were not shown.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.578-587
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the food behavior during the childhood, the influence of food behavior on internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and the pattern of influence of food behavior on behavior problem depending on children's age and gender. A total of 171 children aged 5 and 6 years were selected who attended 3 nurseries and 1 kindergarten in Seoul, and the survey data responded by teachers were analyzed. The results were as follows. First, children with higher levels of food behavior showed less internalizing behavior problems compared to those with lower levels of food behavior. The main effects and interaction of gender and age were not significant. Second, children with higher levels of food behavior showed less externalizing behavior problems compared to those with lower levels of food behavior. For hyperactivity, interaction of age and food behavior was significant, and age and the interaction of age and food behavior affected children's agression. Food behavior of children affects behavior problem and, therefore, children with better food behavior showed less behavior problems in the same circumstances.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2002

This study explored resilience and protective factors in children at-risk. Teachers of 755 children in child care centers replied to questionnaires regarding resiliency and behavior problems; children's mothers replied to questionnaires about risk factors, own parenting, and family hardiness. The data of 216 vulnerable children and 355 children in a comparative group who had not been exposed to any risk factors were analyzed. Findings showed that resilience was differentiated by gender and age; that is, resilience in the vulnerable group covaried as a function of gender and age. The resilience level of the vulnerable group was lower than the comparative group. Children with fewer behavior problems had a higher level of resilience, and resilience was higher for vulnerable children with higher levels of protective factors.

• Journal of Creative Information Culture
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of children's play behavior by exploring the relationship between variables predicting children's preferred play areas using the data of the Korean Children's Panel, which is a national longitudinal study data. For this purpose, we investigated how children's gender, creativity, and peer play behaviors affect children's preferred play areas on their preferred play areas. The research results revealed in this study are as follows. First, there were differences in creativity, peer play behaviors, and play area preference according to children's gender. Second, as a result of examining the effect of children's creativity and peer play behaviors on play area preference, factors influencing language area, art area, math & manipulative area, and role play area preference were different based on block play area preference group. This study has great implications in that it provides basic data for children's play behavior by exploring variables that affect children's preference for play areas.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-118
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, and parenting stress on children's problematic behavior in Korea and China. The subjects were 292 children and their mothers who are caring for their 3-5 years old children in Korea and China. Data was collected using a parenting efficacy index, parenting behavior index, parenting stress index and child behavior check list. The data were statistically analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA (Scheff$\acute{e}$ test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were no significant differences in parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, parenting stress and children's problematic behavior in Korea and China. There were some significant differences in children's problematic behavior according to the socio-demographic variables, that is the gender of the child, the mother's education, the father's education, in Korea and China. Correlation analysis indicated that the parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, parenting stress and children's problematic behavior in Korea and China had significant correlations in some sub-variables. It was also found that the gender of the child, the mother's education, the father's education, the frustration and uneasiness of the parents, the control behavior, and the stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction, were all significant predictors of the preschool children's problematic behavior in Korea, and the mother's education, the family income, the affection behavior, the rejection behavior, and the control behavior, were all significant predictors of the preschool children's problematic behavior in China.