• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.179-202
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• 2012

This study examined the relationship among children's theory of mind, social skills, and emotional intelligence. A total of 76 five-year old children in the Seoul area participated in this study. Children were tested on three different type of theory of mind tasks and teachers rated their children's emotional intelligence and social competency. SPSS 18, t-test, correlation analysis, and step-wise of multilateral regression were performed for data collection. The results were as follows: First, 40.8% of participants passed the task of theory of mind. There were significant differences in total score of theory of mind, social competence skills, and emotional intelligence between successors and failures. Second, by gender, there were significant differences in total score of theory of mind, social competence skills, and emotional intelligence. Third, there was a relationship between theory of mind and social competence skills, social competence skills and emotional intelligence, and theory of mind and emotional intelligence.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.203-229
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• 2012

This study tries to provide basic data that can be useful in suggesting the direction of kindergartens attached to elementary schools, by examining the issues in such kindergartens and the ways to develop them for the future. To do this, I surveyed seven participants, who are currently directors in the kindergartens attached to the elementary schools, by in-depth interviewing. As a result, I found the main issue involves the administrators' lack of expertise about the education of preschoolers. Thus, I suggest that there should be more opportunities to retrain the affiliated principals or directors to better understand the education of preschoolers or the related instructors. Second, I concluded that another critical issue involves the poor administrative and financial system in the current kindergartens attached to the elementary schools. To solve this, I suggest that the government and the local education offices should actively support them with a the solid administrative and financial system. Finally, considering the complaints that the current teachers in those kindergartens are being isolated from the greater society, I suggest that there should be specific solutions to construct the cooperative systems related to scholarships and consulting that help the teachers develop their expertise in educating preschoolers.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the factors such as self-esteem, social supports, socio-economic status of parents, degree of disability in child, stress coping, religion, and sports.exercise on the qualities of lives in mothers with disabled children. Data were collect from 45 institutions(schools from kindergarten to senior-high, special education institutes, and social welfare institutions) by self-report questionnaire, and the subjects of the study were 386 mothers in Seoul whose children were attending the schools or institutions. Findings according to socio-demographic variables are as follows: 1. Mothers with disabled children in this study thought their quality of life as average degree. 2. The younger the mothers and children, the higher the quality of life was. 3. The higher the educational level and monthly income, the higher the quality of life was. 4. There was no statistically significant difference between the existence and nonexistence of spouse, and between the existence and nonexistence of religion as well. Findings analyzed by multiple regression are as follows: 1. Among 7 independent variables 'self-esteem'(${\beta}$=.49, p<.001), 'social supports'(${\beta}$=.15, p<.01), and 'socio-economic status'(${\beta}$=.11, p<.05) were found to be statistically significant in quality of life in mothers, while the rests were found not significant. 2. 'Self-esteem' was found to be the most influencing variable, meaning that the psychological factor such as self-esteem is more important than environmental factors in qualities of lives in mothers. 3. The total amount of explanation of the model was Adjusted R square=.301, so that it can be said about 30% can be explained among total variance of the qualities of lives in mothers with disabled children. Conclusions and recommendations based on the results above are: First, it is strongly recommended to conduct programs promoting self-esteem in mothers with disabled children, and to include 'self-esteem' hereafter in the studies related to qualities of lives in mothers with disabled children. Second, comprehensive and practical countermeasures should to be formulated to back up expenses for education and medical care, purchasing relative tools and equipments, plus helping to find jobs.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.103-122
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate what owners think of their housing and their community by scrutinizing households, thereby leading to a conclusion of how these communities have developed and the advantages they provide to their owners. This study was conducted by thoroughly interviewing one member from each of a total of 10 households living in apartments and villas in the Gangnamgu area of Seoul between August 5, 2008, and September 25, 2008. The results can be summarized as follows: First, all interviewees were female, within the range of 40 years to 50 years of age, and with high educational backgrounds. They were living in mid-level income or higher households but were characterized by frugal attitudes. Second, their households held a personal and familial meaning to them, one of providing replenishment, rest, and a place to share diverse feelings with their family. Certain factors such as being a convenient place for education, rising housing prices, a large area of greenery made possible by Yangjae Cheon, and so forth contributed to giving a special significance to their housings. The interviewees all thought the convenience of education and the rising housing prices in the Gangnam area were the most important factors. Third, the interviewees indicated the following sociocultural perspectives of Gangnam housings: They provide a good environment for education due to the densely clustered academies in the Daechi-dong area. There are many opportunities to meet neighbors with similar educational and economic backgrounds. There are vast areas of greenery such as Yangjae Cheon. There is access to highly advanced cultural and shopping facilities such as COEX, Seoul Arts Center, etc. There are no amusement centers located near the housing districts. There are convenient transportation methods and facilities. They are subject to jealous looks from people living outside the Gangnam area. Lastly, it seems that no significant community spirit exists among the dwellers of each apartment or villa. However, matters of self-interest such as construction problems, which contribute greatly to creating personal wealth, were exceptions when the dwellers united as a single household.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.207-211
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the immune responses of children with moderate and severe novel influenza A virus (H1N1) pneumonia, and to compare their clinical and immunological findings with those of control subjects. Methods: Thirty-two admitted patients with H1N1 pneumonia were enrolled in the study. The clinical profiles, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of the 16 H1N1 pneumonia patients who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (severe pneumonia group), 16 H1N1 pneumonia patients admitted to the pediatric general ward (moderate pneumonia group) and 13 control subjects (control group) were measured. Results: Total lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in patients with H1N1 pneumonia than in the control group (P=0.02). The number of CD4+ T lymphocytes was significantly lower in the severe pneumonia group ($411.5{\pm}253.5/{\mu}L$) than in the moderate pneumonia ($644.9{\pm}291.1/{\mu}L$, P=0.04) and control ($902.5{\pm}461.2/{\mu}L$, P=0.01) groups. However, the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes was significantly higher in the severe pneumonia group ($684.2{\pm}420.8/{\mu}L$) than in the moderate pneumonia ($319.7{\pm}176.6/{\mu}L$, P=0.02) and control ($407.2{\pm}309.3/{\mu}L$, P=0.03) groups. The CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes ratio was significantly lower in the severe pneumonia group ($0.86{\pm}0.24$) than in the moderate pneumonia ($1.57{\pm}0.41$, P=0.01) and control ($1.61{\pm}0.49$, P=0.01) groups. The serum levels of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin E were significantly higher in the severe pneumonia group than in the 2 other groups. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that increased humoral immune responses and the differences in the CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte profiles, and imbalance of their ratios may be related to the severity of H1N1 pneumonia in children.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.143-153
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to reduce the number of negligent accidents by improving the fire safety consciousness of infant and child teachers working in a day care center. For this purpose, 242 early childhood teachers working in the national nursery school in Daejeon and Chungcheongnam-do were surveyed. For the survey, the questionnaire consisted of job satisfaction, teacher's efficacy, and fire safety consciousness. The survey data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 win program. The factor of job satisfaction and teacher's efficacy had a significant positive influence on the fire safety consciousness of the early childhood teachers (<.05). The teacher's efficacy was found to mediate the relationship between the job satisfaction and fire safety consciousness. In conclusion, this study suggests that teacher's fire safety consciousness is high when the teacher's job satisfaction and efficacy are high. This study is expected to contribute to basic research to increase the teachers' consciousness of fire safety.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3917-3925
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• 2012

Background: The relationship between postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) and invasive breast cancer has been extensively investigated, but that with breast carcinoma in situ (BCIS) has received relatively little attention. The aim of our present study was to review and summarize the evidence provided by longitudinal studies on the association between postmenopausal HT use and BCIS risk. Methods: A comprehensive literature search for articles published up to May 2012 was performed. Prior to performing a meta-analysis, the studies were evaluated for publication bias and heterogeneity. Relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) values were calculated using 14 reports (8 case-control studies and 6 cohort studies), published between 1986 and 2012. Results: There was evidence of an association between ever postmenopausal estrogen use and BCIS based on a random-effects model (RR = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 1.55). However, we found no strong evidence of an association between ever postmenopausal estrogen combined with progesterone use and BCIS using a randomeffects model (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 0.95, 2.51). Furthermore, our analysis showed a strong association between "> 5 years duration" of estrogen or estrogen combined with progesterone use and BCIS. Furthermore, current use of any HT is associated with increased risk of BCIS in cohort studies. Additional well-designed large studies are now required to validate this association in different populations.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

Middle-aged women experience physical and mental changes along with the loss of femininity, and they feel psychologically empty according as their child's growth and independence reduces the role of care and parenting. These women understand the sense of loss and emptiness caused of their role reduction as an opportunity to maintain their values and beliefs for their leisure life. Accordingly, middle-aged women overcome negative emotions facing in the middle-aged such as depression or empty mind, and establish self-esteem and social support in recognizing it as an opportunity for building relationship and self-realization in social relations, which come through human to human communication by doing craft activities. In this study, in order to analyze the effect of the experience factor of craft activity to self-esteem and social support for middle-aged women, we set up a research model with the experience factor of craft activity as an independent variable and self-esteem and social support as dependent variables. As a result of the study, educational experiences, recreational experiences, and deviant experiences had a meaningful effect on self-esteem, but aesthetic experiences did not have meaningful effect. And, recreational experiences and aesthetic experiences had a meaningful effect on social support, but educational experiences and deviant experiences did not have meaningful effect on social support. Therefore, the institutional system for craft experiences, that can provide content of environmental characteristics for aesthetic factor and visual elements are required. It influences to the change of senses and emotions of middle-aged women. Also, there are limitations that this study did not consider factors of ultimate life changes through craft activities. Thus this study suggests development of new model for variables of wellbeing-related matters.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.115-135
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of career education utilizing vocational cards for school children on the career development of the male and female in elementary school who were in the career awareness stage, which was the rudimentary career development stage. The subjects in this study were 32(15 boys and 17 girls) students in one of seven fifth-grade classes in 'Angolpo' elementary school located in the city of J, South Gyeong-sang Province. Career education was provided to them by employing vocational cards for school children in six sessions for three weeks, twice a week, 40 to 45 minutes each. The major findings of the study were as follows; (l)the career education that utilized vocational cards for school children had a positive effect on developing the career development of the elementary schoolers. (2)the career education that utilized vocational cards for school children had a positive effect on developing the career development of the elementary school boys. (3)the career education that utilized vocational cards for school children had a positive effect on developing the career development of the elementary school girls. The above-mentioned findings illustrated that the career education utilizing vocational cards for school children was effective at stepping up the career development of the male and female in elementary school.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.137-155
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• 2010

This study investigates the relationships among adult attachment, satisfaction with life and affection-rejection parenting in preschoolers' mothers. The participants were 339 preschoolers' mothers in Daegu or Gyeongbok Province. The collected data were analyzed by single and multiple regressions, using SPSS PC(15.0 version). The results are as follows. (1) Adult attachment and satisfaction with life was positively associated with affection parenting in preschoolers' mothers. Adult attachment and satisfaction with life was negatively associated with rejection parenting In preschoolers' mothers. (2) The influence of adult attachment on affection-rejection parenting was rather higher than satisfaction with life in preschoolers' mothers. (3) The explanation power adult attachment on rejection parenting was rather higher than on affection parenting in preschoolers' mothers.