• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.379-387
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• 2002

The focus of this study was the influence of organic acids such as acetic, citric and malic acid on the dissolution of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) on chicken thigh bone. As the concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4%) of acetic, citric, and malic acid increased, the resultant contents of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were higher than that of the control. When the boiling time (2, 4, 6, 8, 12 hours) was increased, dissolved amounts of several minerals from the chicken thigh bone increased. Calcium dissolved the most when chicken stock was boiled for 12 hours with 4% of malic acid added. In addition to minerals, amino acids and proteins were further extracted by adding organic acids. The soup stock which contains minerals such as calcium, can be obtained by boiling the chicken thigh bone for 12 hours with an organic acid.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1766-1772
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• 2008

Natto is a Japanese traditional soybean product fermented by Bacillus natto. The effect of natto supplement on the production and qualities of chicken meat was studied since the effective use of various waste foods is required in Japan. Dried natto prepared by heating at $60^{\circ}C$ was added to a basic diet at an amount of below 2%. The supplementation of dried natto did not influence the weights of the carcass, breast and thigh meat, fillet or abdominal fat. Growth of the thighbone such as the length, thickness of cortex bone, and Ca/P ratio in bone ash were not altered by the addition of natto. However, the pH of male meat decreased following the supplementation of dried natto from days 28 to 80. The water-soluble protein content in male thigh meat increased in the group fed 2% natto from days 28 to 80. Free peptides increased in male thigh meat by feeding 2% natto from days 0 to 80. The supplementation of natto increased free glutamic acid in thigh meat regardless of sex. Moreover, the supplementation of natto specifically decreased meat cholesterol in female chickens though the effect was not shown in male chickens.