• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.751-756
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• 2013

This research old age chestnut tree that loss function chestnut leaf renewal efficiency enlargement and development of cosmeceutical product by purpose. Chestnut leaf (CL) exhibits numerous pharmacological effect including anti-allergy and anti-microbial properties. However, the anti-wrinkle effect of CL is not completely understood. In this study, to find a possible explanation for the anti-wrinkle effects of CL, we evaluated the effects of CL on radical scavenging activity, elastase inhibition activity and collagenase inhibition activity. CL was extracted with various solvents including water (CLW), 70% ethanol (CLE) and 70% acetone (CLA). The results showed that CLW, CLE, and CLA have the radical scavenging activity. In addition, we showed that CLW, CLE, and CLA have the elastase inhibition activity and collagenase inhibition activity. Consequently, the CL has a potent anti-wrinkle effect and it could be a useful cosmeceutical product for anti-aging purposes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 1975

The seeds, scions and plants of chestnut tree (Castanea. crenata) and Chinese chestnut tree (C. bungeana) were irradiated by gamma ray in order to know their biological effects on germination, plant growth and mutation at several accumulative doses and dose rates. The results of this study could be summarized as follows: 1. In general, the radio-sensitivity of scions was more sensitive to irradiation, showing 50% reduction dose of the control for grafting percentage at 3.1 kR as compared with 4.6 kR for the above reduction dose in germination rates of seeds. 2. The seeds treated by 5 kR dose resulted in some albino mutants at a rate of 0.84%. There was a general tendency that the seedling height reduced significantly as the irradiation dose increased. 3. The scions treated by an acute irradiation showed their 50% reduction dose in grafting at 3.2 kR for Chinese chestnut and at 3.1 kR for chestnut, respectively, while their irradiation doses increased three times, having 10.2 kR for the 50% reduction dose in the case of semi-acute irradiation. 4. When Chinese chestnut trees were irradiated during their dormant period with a total dose of 7.5 kR to 4.9 kR at a dose rate of 150 R to 98 R per day, there were induced giant leaf bud-sports at a frequency of 16.6%. The averag leaf area of the giant leaf bud-sports were measured at 96.36 square centimeters, while the area of normal leaf was only 26.28 square centimeters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.2
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• pp.292-299
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the regional specialization of Fruit trees in Korea and to provide direction for the activation. As a result of the analysis, In the case of chestnut, Gongjun is adjacent to Cheongyang and Buyeo. These region are classified as deeply specialized regions. Walnut trees are grown in large amounts in Gimcheon-si, Yeongdong-gun and Muju-gun, which are all regions classified as deeply specialized regions. Jujube trees are grown mostly Gyeongsan-si, Gunwi-gun, Cheongdo-gun and Yeongcheonsi are geographically close to each other. The production quantity of these areas also showed steady growth. These region are classified as deeply specialized regions. Astringent persimmons are Sangju-si and Yeoungdonggun are close to each other. Other regions are scattered over the country.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1982

During the two-years(1979 to 1980) fertilization trial on 4-year-old chestnut tree plantations, total insolation was diminished in 1980 because of unseasonable weather. In every fertilization treatment plot, especially in the NPK-fertilized plot with magnesium, growth of trees and yield of chestnuts have been increased significantly. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The growth in the NPK-fertilized plot with boron and magnesium was 20 percent higher than in plots fertilized with NPK alone. 2) Although there was some frost damage to trees on November 14, 1979, the 1979 weather was otherwise normal and daily insolation averaged 7 hours from June through september, The 1979 fertilization indices for chesnut yield were 167 for NPK with boron and 207 for NPK with magnesium, as compared with the base index of 100 for NPK alone. 3) In 1980, the second year of the fertilization trial, unseasonable weather decreased the average daily insolation from June through September to 3.8 hours. Under such conditions, the fertilization indices for chestnut yield were 620 for NPK with boron and 741 for NPK with magnesium, and Boron, as compared to the base index of 100 for NPK alone; i.e. the yields of plots treated with NPK and magnesium were 21 percent higher than for plots with NPK and boron and 7 times the yields for plots with NPK alone, But in the trial plot of NPK, yield of chestnut in 1980 decreased compared with 1979, 4) All test plots had natural magnesium levels lower than 0.8me/100gr., and the treatments with NPK and magnesium would have been less apparent on soils with higher magnesium level. The spectacular effects of treatment with NPK and magnesium during periods of low insolation may result from increased chlorophyll production and corresponding increases in active carbon assimilation, which should play an important role in carbohydrate formation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.248-253
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• 2015

This study applied the portfolio approach as a means to provide decision-making information for the establishment of the optimal production plan for non-timber products. The target items of non-timber forest product were Chestnut, Jujube, Walnut and Astringent Persimmon. The data used in this study were the annual report of forestry production cost survey which contains the annual production, annual gross income, and annual product cost from 2008 to 2013. These data were used to calculate the expected return of non-timber forest product. The objective function in the portfolio models was to minimize the expected return volatility, called risk and the constrain was to achieve the minimum expected return rate. Results indicated that the production ratio of the nuts and fruits in 2013 was 7% for Chestnut, 20% for Jujube, 5% for Walnut and 68% for Astringent Persimmon. Furthermore, portfolio presented that the production ratio was 10% for Chestnut, 9% for Jujube, 3% for Walnut and 78% for Astringent Persimmon in the near future. The cause was analyzed due to maintain stable production and income of Astringent Persimmon and Chestnut. Meanwhile, the revenue of Walnuts and Jujube was in great variation with relatively higher revenues.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.382-385
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• 1998

Molecular identification and genetic relationships between a phytoplasma associated with chestnut little leaf (CLL) and phytoplasma isolates of other trees in Korea were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These 16S rDNA sequences amplified from the various phytoplasmas were used in DNA heteroduplex mobility assays (HMA). In DNA HMA combined with PCR, the mobility shift was observed for a heteroduoplex formed in combined with CLL and jujube witches broom, but not for those formed in combined with CLL and each of sumac witches broom, paulownia witches broom, and mulberry dwarf. HMA combined with PCR has been shown to be a very useful method for detection and differentiation of phytoplasmas.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.174-184
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• 1986

Eleven fungi were isolated from the cankered stems, branchs and twigs of chestmut trees collected from Chuncheon, Gapyung, Wonseong, Inje and Kanghwa during 1985-1986. Among them, Botryosphaeria dothide (Moug. ex Fries) Ces. et. de Notaris, Cryptodiaporthe castanea (Tulasne) Wehmeyer, Endothia singularis Sheaet Stevens, E. parasitica (Murrill) P. J. et H. W. Anderson and Pseudovasella modonia (Tulasne) Kobayas were identified as perithecial stage. Dathiorella castaneae Camara et Vasconcelos, Fusicoccum castaneun Saccardo, Catinula japanica st. nov., Endothiella singularis (H. et. P. Syd.) Shear et Stev. nom. seminud, E. parasitica And., nom. seminud., and Coryneum castaneae (Sacc.) comb. novo were identified as conidial stage Botryosphaeria dothidea causing canker or diebark but and Endothia parasitica causing Endothia canker were already reported in Korea. The other fungi are first reported in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2002

Seasonal occurrence pattern of the peach pyramid moth (PPM), Dichocrosis punctfferahs, was studied by sex pheromone traps and mercury light traps in several Fuyu persimmon orchards under different control pressures in southern region of Korea in 2000 and 2001. Fruit damage by the larvae was also checked at harvesting time from 1999 to 2001. The pattern showed 3 distinct peaks; the 1st one in mid to late June, the 2nd one in mid to late August, and the 3rd one in late September. Number of PPM catches was higher in less controlled than in intensively controlled orchards. There were no persimmon fruits damaged by the larvae of PPM and persimmon fruit moth, Stathmopoda masinissa, in our samples from the testing orchards at harvesting time. Therefore, it is unlikely that these two quarantine pests are included in the exporting fruits. Considering flora adjacent to the tested orchards and zero levels of fruit damage by the larvae, there is a strong possibility that the moths flew from neighbouring chestnut trees or other host plants to be attracted to the traps in the persimmon orchards.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 1994

One hundred and two virulent(V) strains of Cryphonectria parasitica were isolated from the cankers of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) trees in western Massachusetts, USA. The diversity of vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of C. parasitica was investigated. One hundred and two strains represented 54 VCGs; 38 VCGs had only one strain each, 6 VCGs had 2 strains each, and 10 most common VCGs had 52 strains. Great diversity in VCGs may due to the increasing numbers of VCGs with time since the pathogen has been in Massachusetts for 80 years. Ten vegetative compatibility representative strains were selected from the 10 most common VCGs and converted to hypovirulent (H) strains through the pairing and hyphal anastomosis of H strains (4 strains with French dsRNA elements and 17 strains with Italian dsRNA elements). All of the 10 representative strains were converted to H strains by at least more than one of the H strains.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 1975

The Koran native economic and ornamental trees consisting 12 species of 4 gymnosperm families and 3 strains, 6 varieties and 18 species of 12 angiosperm families were irradiated by X-and ${\gamma}$-ray at three different dose rates; 1) acute, 2) semi-acute, and 3) chronic irradiation in order to know their radiosensitivities and the radition effects on mutation induction. Different materials such as seeds, cuttings, scions and plants of the above trees were used in this study, depended upon tree. Most of the materials irradiated showed a high radiosensitivity. The LD-50 of conifer trees ranged from 1.2kR to 13.2kR, averaging 5.4kR which was remarkably higher than field crops. On the other hand the LD-50 dose of hard wood trees ranged from 7.0kR to 18.5kR, averaging 12.7kR. All the tested trees were classified into several categories based upon the relative radiosensitivity of each species which was measured at the dose of LD-50. Variegation was most common among the induced mutants. The other mutations were albino, chlorophyll deficiency, deformed leaf and fruits. It was noticeable that giant-leaf bud-sport mutants were induced in Chinese chestnut (Castanea bungeana) and yellow leaf bud-sport ones appeared in oriental arborvitae (Thuja orientalis).