• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.618-624
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• 1998

This study was conducted to standardize ingredient ratios of wooung kimchi. The ingredient ratios of model wooung kimchiwere determined by the survey in Pusan and Kyungnam province and using the literatures including cooking books. Several kinds of wooung kimchi were prepared by adjusting the ingredient ratios fo the model wooung kimchi within standard deviation. The wooung kimchi with different ingredient ratios were fermented for 6 days at 15$^{\circ}C$. The chemical, microbial and sensory properties of the wooung kimchi were investigated. There was little change in pH but the counts of lactic acid bacteria were decreased, as the ratio of pickled anchovy juice became high. The wooung kimchi adding 9.4% pickled anchovy juice obtained high score in appearance and overall acceptability. The counts of lactic acid bacteria were increased in wooung kimchi adding 5% red pepper powder, and there was obtained better result in appearance, texture and overall acceptability than the other groups. The activity, reducing sugar and counts of lactic acid bacteria were increased, as the ratio of glutinous rice paste became high. The wooung kimchi including 6% glutinous rice paste showed the highest score in overall acceptability. The fermentation process of wooung kimchi accelerated, as the ratio of garlic became high. The wooung kimchi adding 3% garlic showed good appearance and acceptability. In addition to these, the addition of 1.3% ginger ehhanced the appearance, texture and overall acceptability fermented anchovy juice, 5.0% red pepper powder, 6.0% glutinous rice paste, 3.0% crushed garlic and 1.3% crushed ginger.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.290-298
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of grape skin on the physicochemical properties and sensory score of ground pork meat. Methods: Four types of ground pork were evaluated: T0 without grape skin, T1 with 0.3% grape skin, T2 with 0.7% grape skin, and T3 with 1.0% grape skin. Results: There was no significant group wise difference in VBN content, L-value, b-value, chemical composition of raw and cooked meat, cooking yield, water holding capacity, moisture retention, fat retention, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, taste, texture, juiciness, or palatability. Total polyphenol content was highest in T3, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest in T2 and T3 (p<0.001). The pH was highest in T0, and was lowest in T3 (p<0.001). The a-value of T2 and T3 were significantly higher than that of T0 (p<0.05). Flavor was highest in T2 among samples (p<0.01). Conclusion: The study results suggest that grape skin may be a useful ingredient in ground pork meat in terms of antioxidant potential, color and flavor.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.323-328
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• 1998

본 시험은 속성건조에 의한 가을연맥의 건초 조제 가능성을 알아보고자 조생계통인 Swan을 공시하여 8월 24일 파종한 다음, 건초 조제시기(수잉후기, 출수기, 개화기)와 건조방법(건조제, Conditioning, 건조제 + Conditioning 및 대조구)을 달리하여 1996년 가을 축산기술연구소에서 수행되었다. 화학제인 건조제는 $K_2CO_3$ 2%를 수확 직전 기계 분무하였으며, 물리적인 Conditioning은 모델 GMR 2800 Mower Conditioner(trail type)를 사용하였고, 포장건조 후 각형 곤포를 조제하였으며, 건초의 건물손실과 외관평가는 2개월간 보관저장 후 조사하였다. 수잉후기, 출수기, 개화기로 수확이 늦어질수록 연맥의 건물수량은 증가하고 건물률은 높아진 반면 사료가치는 크게 낮아졌다. 건조속도는 건초 조제시기에 관계없이 5일간의 포장건조에도 불구하고 수분 함량이 높아 건초 조제 적기에 도달하지 못하였으며, 특히 개화기에서는 수분감소가 거의 없었다. 건조방법별 건조효과는 전반적으로 건조효과가 낮았으나 Conditioning구에서 대조구에 비해 2일정도 포장 건조기간을 단축시킬 수 있었으며 건조제 처리효과는 없었다. 건초의 건물손실은 수잉 후기에서 51.4%로 매우 높았으며, 출수기도 21.1%로 높았고, 건조방법별로는 Conditioning구와 건조제 + Conditioning 처리구에서 손실이 적은 경향이었다. 건초의 외관평가에서 수잉 후기로 조제시기가 빠를 때에는 수분 함량이 너무 높아 품질은 크게 불량하였으며, 출수기의 Conditioning구와 건조제 + Conditioning 처리구에서 80점으로 양호할 뿐 전반적으로 가을연맥 건초의 외관평점은 매우 낮았다. 이상의 결과로서 포장에서의 건조기간 단축과 건초의 품질향상을 위한 건조제 처리효과는 인정되지 않았으며 Conditioner 사용이 추천되었으나, 우리 나라에서 가을연맥의 건초 조제는 실용화하기 매우 어려운 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between stream water quality of TN (total nitrogen), TP (total phosphorus), and BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and TDI (Trophic Diatom Index) score determined by physico-chemical factors, biomass, and standing crops of epilithic diatoms, and to estimate the required amount of ecological streamflow for good water environment of Trophic Diatom. For the main stream of Chungju dam watershed of South Korea, total 100 field data of 3 years (2008~2010) measured in May and September were used to derive the relationship between water quality and TDI. Trophic Diatom had high correlation (0.55 determination coefficient) with TN. Using the relationship, the required streamflow was evaluated by using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for good Trophic Diatom water environment through T-N water quality maintenance. The SWAT simulated 8 years (2003~2010) stream discharges and T-N water quality along the main stream. From present garde C (score range: 30.0~45.0) to grade A (score above 60.0) of TDI, the May needs additional streamflow of $63.1m^3/sec$ (+36.7 % comparing with the present streamflow of $172.0m^3/sec$) at the watershed outlet.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권12호
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• pp.45.1-45.5
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• 2015

Background: Physical and chemical properties of feedstuffs can be changed by feed processing. Moreover, through various mechanisms, feed processing can affect growth performance and feed efficiency of swine, nutrition value of the feed. Weaning-to service-intervals (WSI), subsequent farrowing rates, and total-born litter sizes were determined by feed intake and metabolic state during lactation. Methods: A total of 20 sows (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) with an average body weight (BW) of 266.1 kg 4 d before farrowing were used to determine the effect of feed processing on the performance of lactating sows and their offspring. The following two dietary treatments were used: 1) Crumble diet (C); and 2) Mash diet (M). Ten replications were used for each treatment. Back fat thickness of sows was measured 6 cm off the midline at the 10th rib using a real-time ultrasound instrument at 4 d before farrowing, 1 d after farrowing, and during weaning. Sow BW were also checked at 4 d before farrowing, 1 d after farrowing, and during weaning. Fecal score of sows were assessed on d 14. Fecal score of piglets were observed on d 7, 15, and 24. Data were analyzed using t-test procedure of SAS (2014) with sow as experimental unit. Results: No significant (p > 0.05) difference was observed in the reproduction performance of sows between the two treatments. In addition, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the growth performance of piglets between the two treatments. Fecal score of sows or piglets showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference either. Conclusions: In conclusion, different feed processing (mash or crumble) did not make any significant difference on the performance of lactation sow or their piglets.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.473-481
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• 1999

Objectives: In recent days, the problem of odor pollution in community near Sihwa Industrial complex, Kynuggi Province is becoming of significant public concern. We have investigated the health effects of the Sihwa residents from odor pollution comparing with other less polluted areas. Methods: The Ansan and Kuri Cities were selected as control areas. The parents of the elementary and middle school students in these three areas were surveyed with structured questionnaire twice, Nov 1997 and Jure 1998 each. As a exposure index, the ambient air concentrations of five major air pollutants(particulates, $O_3,\;SO_2,\;NO_2$, CO) and subjective odor perception were used. We have focused health outcomes such as the prevalence of nonspecific irritant symptoms, respiratory disease among family members and the score of qualify of life(QOL). Results: Although the mean concentrations of major air pollutants except particulates were similar or lower in Sihwa than other areas, the odor perception rate and the monthly odor perception days were significantly higher. It suggested that odor producing chemical compounds are the major source of environmental pollution problem. There were higher prevalence rates of nonspecific irritant symptoms and respiratory disease among family members in Sihwa than other control areas. The QOL score was also lower in Sihwa. The odor perception proved to be a most important factor in reporting adverse health effects and lowering the QOL score. Conclusion: The residents living near Sihwa industrial complex were suffering from more adverse health symptoms and poorer QOL status than control areas. And it may be due to environmental odor pollution from industrial complex. Therefore, further research will be needed for monitoring of the responsible chemicals emitted from industries.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 보일의 법칙에 대한 개념 학습에서 비유의 부연 수준이 학생들의 대응 관계 이해 및 개념 이해에 미치는 영향과 학생들이 범하는 대응 오류 유형을 조사하였다. 본 수업 이전에 비유 추론 능력 검사를 실시하여, 그 점수를 구획 변인으로 사용하였다. 중학교 1학년 학생들에게 비유의 부연 수준에 따른 단순, 부연, 확장의 세 가지 유형의 비유 학습 활동지를 무선 배포하여 학습하도록 한 직후에, 대응 관계 이해도와 개념 이해도 검사를 실시하였다. 또한, 두 검사에 대한 파지 검사를 4주 후에 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 대응 관계 이해도의 직후 검사에서는 비유의 부연 수준에 따른 주효과는 없었지만, 비유 추론 능력과의 상호작용 효과가 있었다. 개념 이해도 파지 검사에서는 부연 집단의 점수가 단순 집단보다 높게 나타났으나, 세 집단 간 점수 차이는 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다. 전체 대응 오류의 빈도는 단순 집단이 가장 높았고, 대응 오류 유형별 빈도에서도 대부분 단순 집단의 빈도가 부연 집단과 확장 집단의 빈도보다 높았다. 또한, 대응 오류 유형별 빈도는 학생들의 비유 추론 능력 수준에 따라 차이가 있었다. 따라서 이 연구 결과는 과학교사들이 체계적인 비유 사용 수업을 계획하고 실천하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2013

이 연구에서는 과학 수업에 적용한 STAD 협동학습 전략이 초등학교 학생들의 학업성취도, 학습 동기, 학습 환경에 대한 인식, 수업 목표 구조에 대한 인식에 미치는 영향을 학생들의 집단주의 성향 수준에 따라 조사하였다. 1개 초등학교의 6학년 2개 학급 64명의 학생들을 처치 집단과 통제 집단으로 할당했다. 사전 검사로 개인-집단주의 성향 검사, 학습 동기 검사, 학습 환경에 대한 인식 검사, 수업 목표 구조에 대한 인식 검사를 실시하였다. 협동학습 처치는 24차시 동안 실시하였다. 사후 검사로 학업성취도, 학습 동기, 학습 환경에 대한 인식, 수업 목표 구조에 대한 인식 검사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 학업성취도에서 처치 집단 학생들의 점수가 통제 집단에 비해 유의미하게 높았다. 학습 동기에서는 주의력 하위 범주에서 유의미한 적성-처치 상호작용 효과가 발견되었다. 학습 환경에 대한 인식의 경우, 응집성 범주에서는 처치 집단의 점수가 통제 집단에 비해 유의미하게 높았지만, 경쟁도 범주에서는 처치 집단의 점수가 유의미하게 낮았다. 수행 지향 목표 구조에 대한 인식에서는 처치 집단의 점수가 통제 집단에 비해 유의미하게 높았다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 1991

우리나라 국민(國民)의 cheese에 대한 기호성(嗜好性)을 조사(調査)하기 위하여 Cheddar cheese, Mozzarella cheese 및 process cheese에 대한 화학성분(化學成分) 분석(分析), 숙성도(熟成度) 및 관능검사(官能檢査)를 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 총질소(總窒素)는 Cheddar cheese와 향신료(香辛料) 첨가(添加) Cheddar cheese가 3.75-3.86%로 비슷하게 나타났으나 process cheese는 3.15%, Mozzarella cheese는 3.35%로 낮게 나타났고 5% NaCl 가용성질소(可溶性窒素)는 Cheddar cheese가 3.23%로 가장 높았으며 TCA 가용성질소, SSA 가용성질소(可溶性窒素) 함량(含量) 및 숙성율(熟性率)도 비슷한 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 2. 전기영동(電氣泳動) 실시(實施) 결과(結果) Cheddar cheese보다는 향신료(香辛料) 첨가(添加) Cheddar cheese에서 분해도(分解度)가 높았으며 Mozzarella cheese와 process cheese는 분해력(分解力)이 낮게 나타났고 ${\alpha}_{s1}$-caseindl $\beta$-casein보다 분해도(分解度)가 높았다. 3. 관능검사(官能檢査) 결과(結果) 색택(色澤)에 있어서는 Mozzarella cheese 및 process cheese가 전체적으로 기호성(嗜好性)이 높았으며 Cheddar cheese는 30-40대(代)와 50-60대(代)에서 기호도(嗜好度)가 높았고 10대(代)와 30-40대(代)에서는 마늘 첨가(添加) Cheddar cheese가 기호도(嗜好度)가 높았다. 4. 향취(香臭)는 process cheese와 Mozzarella cheese가 전체적으로 기호성(嗜好性)이 높았으며 향신료(香辛料) 첨가(添加) Cheddar cheese는 10대(代)에서 기호도(嗜好度)가 높았다. 5. 조직(組織)은 process cheese와 Mozzarella cheese가 전체적으로 기호성(嗜好性)이 높았으며 Cheddar cheese 또한 기호성(嗜好性)이 높았다. 6. 맛은 Mozzarella cheese, process cheese 및 Cheddar cheese가 기호성(嗜好性)이 높았으며 향신료(香辛料) 첨가(添加) Cheddar cheese는 30-40대(代)에서 기호성(嗜好性)이 높았으나 10대(代) 및 20대(代)에서 더 높은 taste score가 나타났다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.357-363
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• 1998

The teratogenic potential of the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin (PHT) has been well documented both in the human and in the experimental animals. However there are few reports on the effects of PHT on embryonic development in rats in vitro. The present study was performed to evaluate the teratogenic effects of PHT using whole-embryo culture system in rats. Sprague-Dawley rat embryos were explanted on gestational day (GD) 9.5 and cultured for 48 hrs in the immediately centrifuged and heat-inactivated rat serum containing 0,25,50, or $100{\mu}g$ PHT/mL. At the end of culture period the embryos were scored for morphological development according to the procedure of Van Maele-Fabry, and their total protein contents were determined. At 100 ${\mu}$g/mL of culture medium. PHT caused significant reduction in developmental score and protein content of embryos and a high incidence morphological abnormalities (100%). Characteristic malformations included altered yolk and embryonic circulation, craniofacial hypoplasia, neural tube schisis, branchial arch defects, abnormal ratation, and limb bud hypoplasia, among others. There were no adverse effects on embryonic growth and development at concentrations of 25 and 50 ${\mu}$g /mL of culture medium. The results indicated that the dysmorphogenic effect of PHT on cultured embryos is due to a direct interference with embryonic development.