• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1471-1476
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• 2013

The present study deals with the immobilization of Kluyveromyces lactis ${\beta}$-galactosidase on a weak ionic exchange resin (Duolite A568) as polymer support. ${\beta}$-Galactosidase was immobilized using the adsorption method. A kinetic study of the immobilized enzyme was performed in a packed-bed reactor. The adsorption of the enzyme followed a typical Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The adsorption parameters of k and n were 14.6 and 1.74, respectively. The initial rates method was used to characterize the kinetic parameters of the free and immobilized enzymes. The Michaelis-Menten constant ($K_m$) for the immobilized enzyme (120 mM) was higher than it was for the free enzyme (79 mM). The effect of competitive inhibition kinetics was studied by changing the concentration of galactose in a recycling packed-bed reactor. The kinetic model with competitive inhibition by galactose was best fitted to the experimental results with $V_m$, $K_m$, and $K_I$ values of 46.3 $mmolmin^{-1}mg^{-1}$, 120 mM, and 24.4 mM, respectively. In a continuous packed-bed reactor, increasing the flow rate of the lactose solution decreased the conversion efficiency of lactose at different input lactose concentrations. Continuous operation of 11 days was conducted to investigate the stability of a long-term operation. The retained activity of the immobilized enzymes was 63% and the half-life of the immobilized enzyme was found to be 15 days.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.113-133
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to establish academic identity as well as produce human resources that industries need by grasping curriculum of the departments related beauty focusing on Korean colleges (junior colleges and four year course colleges), analyzing examples of advanced countries and suggesting their developmental direction. For the research method, the reference period of curriculum in Korean colleges was from Jul. 05th, 2011 to Aug. 05th, 2011. the investigation method is as follow: first, the curriculum of the departments related to beauty which were registered in the web sites were investigated. Second, the documents were received by fax and Email from each department after calling it. Third, questions and answers were done in reference to majors on the phones. these methods are intended for 65 junior colleges and 16 four year course colleges (total 81 ones). It clarified that lifelong education centers and the graduate courses were ruled out. the statistical analysis about data which were investigated like this were done by the frequency analysis. The results which examined the major subjects of Make-up focusing on Korea and foreign countries are as follow: First, the result which examined the major and theory subjects of Make-up has found that there are the human body theory, the equipment theory, the marketing theory are the management theory in Korean junior colleges and physiology/chemical, management, marketing and equipment product were treated in four year course colleges of Korea. As for foreign colleges, the subjects related to history and culture are mainly treated as the theory courses and their purpose is to cultivate basic knowledge of the fields which are mainly connected to Make-up including plays, movies, TV and studios. Second, the result which examined practice subjects of Make-up major has found that practice subjects of the total ones are of great importance in junior colleges. And it could be found that the Make-up field is of little importance as it is not independent and exists with the hair and skin fields in one department in the four year course colleges. Especially, in the foreign countries, the more detailed and professional subjects including classes which treat digital media, studio technologies, production, wigs and the special effects were treated by the field class system and these characteristics implies that Korean curriculum should be changed in the future. Based on this analytical results of investigation, this researcher tried to propose the developmental direction of Korean curriculum in the future.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

While the trend of all industries recently lies in combination, construction industry is much interested in enhancing efficiency and competitiveness in the aspect of site control by adopting RFID. Though RFID has been applied to diverse areas thus far, it cannot be easily applied to construction industry due to diverse physical, chemical and use-environmental properties of construction materials. Furthermore, it is rarely applied to the site because of many problems in its application. It is required to prepare RFID code issuance and system that can systematically control the code as well as to research the standardization of frequency, specification, protocol, package method, recognition method, etc in order to apply RFID to construction industry. In this research, RFID code issuance and management program are proposed as a part of program research to apply RFID. Furthermore, the restricted matters of existing RFID tag are drawn to produce pilot product of RFID tag that can solve it so as to perform site application test. According to the experiment, effective recognition distance varies depending on material/environmental property and control efficiency changes depending on attachment method and application method. Thus, preparing diverse restrictive factors and solutions by systematically analyzing control method(medium, process) of current architecture materials and applying it to construction site can be the way to successfully apply RFID.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 1983

This study is to investigate the properties of domestic fly ash for utilization as data in regard to fly ash which is by-product of domestic coal powder plants and the possibility of utilization as insulation material of domestic fly ash. Composition refractoriness size distribution density contents of hollow particles and crystalline phase were examined as the properties of domestic fly ash. As to the fired test pieces of fly ash by itself that varied contents of hollow particles with four kinds and of the fly ash-clay-saw dust system linear shrinkage bulk density app. porosity compressive strength thermal conductivity and structures were investigated for the possibility of utilization as an insulation material. The results are as follows : 1. The properties of the fly ash I) The constituent particle of the fly ash is spherical and it contains not a few hollow particles (floats by water 0.30-0.50 floats by $ZnCl_2$ aq.(SpG=1.71) 6.97-16.72%). ii) The chemical compositions of fly ash are $SiO_243.9-54.1%$ , $Al_2O_321.0-30.7%$ Ig loss is 7.4-24.1% and the principal of Ig loss is unburned carbon. iii) Fly ash was not suitable to use for mortar and concrete mixture because Ig. loss value is higher than 5% 2. Utilization as insulation material I) The test pieces of original fly ash floats by water floats by ZnCl2 aq(SpG=1.71) p, p t by ZnCl2 aq.(SpG=1.71) that were fired at 110$0^{\circ}C$ represented 0.11-0.18 kcal/mh$^{\circ}$ C as thermal conductivity value. ii) The test pieces which (76.5-85.5) wt% fly ash-(8.5, 9.5) wt% clay-(5.0-15.0) wt% saw dust system(68.0-72.0) wt% fly ash -(17.0-18.0)wt% clay-(10.0-15.0) wt% saw dust system and 59.5 wt% fly ash-25.5 wt% clay-15.0wt% saw dust system were fired at 110$0^{\circ}C$ the thermal conductivity was less than 0.1Kcal/mh$^{\circ}$ C. iii) In view of thermal conductivity and economic aspect insulation materials which added saw dust as blowing agent and clay as inorganic binder are better than that of fly ash as it is or separated hollow fly ash particles. iv) When the saw dust contents increased in the (59.5-90.0) wt% saw dust system and when amount of clay de-creased and firing temperature decreased under the condition of equal addition of saw dust app. porosity increased but bulk density compressive strength and thermal conductivity decreased.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.12-22
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• 2012

This study investigated a utilization technology of light burned dolomite. light burned dolomite ($CaMg(CO_3)_2$) generated in furnace (steel manufacturer) is an alternative to quick lime. Using light burned dolomite has an effect on reducing the consumption of fluorite slag MgO concentration in supersaturated solution by prolonging the life of softening effect. Armophous MgO, not containing periclase is formed by firing dolomite under $800^{\circ}C$. It has larger surface area and higher reactivity than periclase, and also shows better expansion effect than quicklime. Due to those effects, therefore, armophous MgO produced from light burned dolomite is used as an alternative expansion agent in mortar. In the experiment, characteristics of light burned dolomite were compared to those of existing expansion agents such as anhydrite and quicklime. Then, each expansion and shrinkage rates were measured over a period of about 3 months in both of 1m Jis mold at labscale and apartment mortar flooring at field scale. In the result, it was observed that light burned dolomite in mortar flooring more compensates for the expansion and shrinkage rates than the existing expansion agents, showing low expansion rate of below 0.05% and also decreases the crack.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 2012

Excavated archaeological iron objects are prevented from being corroded going through desalination which slow down being corroded. However archaeological iron objects are liable to be corroded due to the high ionization tendency even though they are stored in environment restricted from corrosion factors. Iron objects could be deteriorated more than just excavated. Therefore this study investigated about the characteristic of re-corrosion and the effect on objects. In study, archaeological iron nails in storage for 4 years after conservation treatments were tested. Optical microscopy and X-ray photography for appearance, XRD, SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy for chemical composition, IC for chloride ions concentration inside iron nails were used. As results, iron nails carried out conservation treatments measured a high concentration of chloride ions after the long storage period. The form of objects were not in good condition such as broken or destroyed when the high chloride ions concentration was detected. In addition, the yellow and red powdery corrosion product were detected on the boundary between corrosion products and substrates and they were identified as akaganeite which is symptom of active corrosion.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2004

In this study, ultrastructural change of the bile duct fibroblast at infected rat with Clonorchis sinensis, and the distribution of lectin receptors and actin protein in cultured bile duct infected with Clonorchis sinensis. It explored using colloidal gold label complex with lectin WGA purified from wheat germ (Triticum vulgaris) and anti actin antibody purified actin (43 kDa) isolated from chicken back muscle. The lectin WGA with protein A gold complex labeled sections of the cultured fibroblast revealed gold particles specifically distributed on the multi vesicular form Golgi complex and cell surface of the fibroblast. The actin antibody with protein A gold complex labeled sections of the cultured fibroblast revealed gold particles specifically distributed on the cytoplasm of the fibroblast. Labeling of cultured fibroblast in rat bile duct infected with Clonorchis sinensis was then quantified and compared to that of cultured Fibroblast in Rat Bile duct. These results indicate that lectin WGA receptors are located in the multi vesicular form Golgi complex in the cytoplasm to the cytoplasmic process of the Rat bile duct fibroblast infected with Clonorchis sinensis. Therefore, the GlcNAc and NeuNac regions on the cell surface and cytoplasmic process appear to be functionally associated with cell-recognition and protection from other cell of the tissue, and linked with secretion and exocytosis of the fibroblst cytoplasm. GlcNAc and NeuNAc product in the multi vesicular form Golgi complex then it is transported to cell surface. Actin protein is many appears that infected fibroblast rather than normal fibroblast. The fibroblast of infected with Clonorchis sinensis are against of the physical and chemical stimulation. Then development of cytoplasmic process is relative some stimulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.710-716
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• 2013

New and renewable energy sources have drawn attention because of climate change. Many studies have been carried out in waste-to-energy field. Fast pyrolysis of waste lignocelluosic biomass is one of the waste-to-energy technologies. Bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) reactor is widely used for fast pyrolysis of the biomass. In BFB pyrolyzer, bubble behavior influences on the chemical reaction. Accordingly, in the present study, hydrodynamic characteristics and fast pyrolysis reaction of waste lignocellulosic biomass occurring in a BFB pyrolyzer are scrutinized. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the fast pyrolysis reactor is carried out by using Eulerian-Granular approach. And two-stage semi-global kinetics is applied for modeling the fast pyrolysis reaction of waste lignocellulosic biomass. To summarize, generation and ascendant motion of bubbles in the bed affect particle behavior. Thus biomass particles are well mixed with hot sand and consequent rapid heat transfer occurs from sand to biomass particles. As a result, primary reaction is observed throughout the bed. And reaction rate of tar formation is the highest. Consequently, tar accounts for 66wt.% of the product gas. However, secondary reaction occurs mostly in the freeboard. Therefore, it is considered that bubble behavior and particle motions hardly influences on the secondary reaction.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.9
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• pp.35.1-35.10
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this work was the comparison between the carcass and the meat ewes of the regional Traditional market and the Islamic religious (Halal) market. Methods: Thirty and 20 at the end of career traditional market and Halal market ewes were slaughtered following the EC (European Council, 2009) animal welfare guidelines. Live weight of ewes was taken and dressing percentage of carcasses was calculated. On every carcass zoometric measurement and the evaluation trough the EU grid rules were performed. On the Musculus longissimus thoracis of 12 Traditional market carcasses and 11 Halal market carcasses the physical-chemical and nutritional analysis were performed. Consumer tests for liking meat ewe were performed in order to find consumer's preference level for Traditional and Halal markets ewe meat. Considering as fixed factor the ewe meat market (Traditional and Halal), results were submitted to oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and to Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: The Halal market ewes have shown lower dressing percentages ($42.91{\pm}0.82$ vs $46.42{\pm}0.69$) and lower conformation score ($4.5{\pm}0.5$ vs $7.8{\pm}0.4$). The Halal market meat showed higher cooking loss in oven ($37.83{\pm}1.20$ vs $32.03{\pm}1.15%$), lesser Chroma value ($18.63{\pm}0.70$ vs $21.84{\pm}0.67$), and lesser Hue angle value ($0.26{\pm}0.02$ vs $0.34{\pm}0.02$). This product had also lower fat percentage ($4.2{\pm}0.4$ vs $7.09{\pm}0.4$). The traditional market meat had higher percentage in monounsatured fatty acids (MUFA) ($43.84{\pm}1.05$ vs $38.22{\pm}1.10$), while the Halal market meat had higher percentage in ${\omega}3$ poliunsatured fatty acids (PUFA) ($5.04{\pm}0.42$ vs $3.60{\pm}0.40$). The consumer test showed as the ewe meat was appreciate by the consumers. Conclusions: Both meat typologies have shown good nutritional characteristics. The traditional market meat had higher MUFA composition, and a better MUFA/satured fatty acids (SFA) ratio, while the Halal market meat had higher PUFA composition. These results were also supported by the PCA. The consumers preferred the traditional market meat.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.96-103
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• 2020

As a basic study for the application of natural zeolite as a concrete admixture, the compressive strength, activity factor, Ca(OH)₂ quantitative analysis and XRD experiments were investigated. It is thought that SiO₂, which is abundant in natural zeolite, affects the strength development by reacting with the hydration product of cement in all specimens in which natural zeolite was added according to powder level and substitution rate. As the substitution rate increases, the compressive strength decreases, which is considered to be due to the decrease in the amount of C₃S and C₂S minerals in the clinker, which affects the strength expression compared to the cement content of the reference mortar. The XRD crystal structure did not show a significant difference from the reference mortar, and it was confirmed that the Z2-10 (Blaine: 15,600㎠ / g) specimen with 10% substitution of natural zeolite was the best among the experimental levels. Substitution amount for use as concrete admixture is 10% substitution is most ideally seen.