• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.471-476
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• 2000

Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface (LC/APCI/MS) is evaluated for the simultaneous determination of carbamate pesticides and organophosphorus pesticides in a single chromatographic analysis. APCI mass spectra of those compounds were obtrained to study their ionization characteristics. APCI provided abundant ions such as protonated molecules and characteristic fragment ions for carbamate pesticides and organophosphorus pesticides. To evaluate the feasibility of the LC/APCI/MS for a routine quantitative analysis, the linearity and repeatability of LC/APCI/MS were examined by measuring standard solution mixtures of five carbamate pesticides and four organophosphorus pesticides over the range of 1 to 100 ㎍/mL. Teh peak areas in chromatograms of characteristic ions for those compounds showed less than 3% of variation from run to run. The standard calibration curves for the nine pesticides show good linearity in the concentration range. The detection limits of the LC/APCI/MS system for those compounds range from 0.006 to 0.2 ng.

• 식물병연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2012

The problems caused by synthetic pesticides have led the need for effective biodegradable pesticides with greater selectivity. Botanical pesticides are generally recognized as safe in agriculture systems. Thus, they have been regarded as attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides for the pest management. Both lower efficacy and higher costs of production make botanicals more expensive to use than conventional pesticides. Moreover, only a small portion of plant-derived metabolites among a number of bioactive metabolites are in use because commercialization of botanicals is inhibited by several problems such as toxicity, or high production cost. However, with the growing acceptance of botanical pesticides as an efficient crop protection alternative resulting in increasing demand, plant-based pesticides will play a significant role in achieving sustainable agriculture in future.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.1586-1592
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• 2012

A series of Novel Mannich bases has been synthesized and evaluated $in$ $vitro$ cytotoxic activity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), human lung carcinoma (SK-LU-1), and human breast cancer (MCF-7). Compound $\mathbf{9f}$ was found to be most potent against three cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of 1.57, 1.16 and 1.21 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively. In addition, compounds $\mathbf{9g}$, $\mathbf{10f}$ exhibited very significant activity against MCF-7 cell line with $IC_{50}$ values of 2.0 ${\mu}g$/mL.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2007

본 연구는 흡착제를 이용하여 잔류농약의 흡착특성을 살펴보았다. 흡착제는 $bauxsol^{TM}$과 맥반석을 사용하였다. 잔류농약의 분석은 GC/NPD와 $GC/{\mu}ECD$로 분석하였다. 실험에 사용된 농약은 ${\alpha}$-endosulfan, ${\beta}$-endosulfan, pendimethalin, chlorpyrifos-methyl, fenitrothion이고 회수율은 97% 이상으로 나타났다. $Bauxsol^{TM}$과 맥반석 흡착제의 흡착율은 endosulfan, chlorpyrifosmethyl, pendimethalin, fenitrothion의 내림차순으로 나타났고, 상대적으로 유기염소계 농약이 다른 농약에 비해 높은 제거율을 보여주었다. $Bauxsol^{TM}$은 농약의 화학적 분해와 물리흡착이 동시에 발생하였고, 맥반석은 물리흡착만이 발생하였다. 흡착제 용출액의 높은 pH와 농약구조의 염소이온은 화학적 분해에 많은 영향을 주었다. 흡착제의 물리흡착은 광물의 많은 다공성에 의해 농약 제거율을 높여 주었다. 흡착제는 골프장의 연못 등 수질에 잔류농약제거 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.84-97
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• 1983

Under the limited arable land, the enhancement of agricultural productivity is indispensable to provide the food demand which is concomitant with the rapid increase in population. From this viewpoint, the upbringing and dissemination of high-yielding varieties has been promoted continuously and several modifications in cultural practices, including heavy fertilization, dense planting, and early transplanting, also have been gradually developed. However these changes in cultivation have led to the increased outbreak of insect pests and diseases. And this unexpected results have accelerated the number and complexity of pesticides employed as well as their consumption. Even though pesticides are essential materials contributing to the steady production of agricultural crops, large scale consumption of them has given rise to several adverse impacts, such as mammalian hazard and/or environmental contamination. In this respect, recent development of new pesticides has been concentrated on 'safe pesticide', as it were, that has the highly selective properties without unfavorable side influences on other ecosystem. According to literature cited up to now, feasibilities of safe pesticide development would be summarized as two categories. One of them is the development of chemical pesticides, which include the molecular structure modification of established pesticides for increased safety and synthesis of new safe chemicals which can attack the vulnerable point of physio-ecological characteristics in insect pests and diseases. The other is the biological pesticides which comprise natural enemies and microorganisms to act selectively on confined insect pests and diseases, In addition, improvement of physico-chemical properties of available pesticide formulations would be one of the desirable means for safe pesticide development in view of efficacy enhancement and minimization of hazardous properties or safe pesticide development, various approaches are feasible and needed to study, however, long period and much financial outlay are necessary to develop a new item. And under the present situation in Korea, there are many difficulties for performing research on all the possible routes. Therefore, combined pesticides by the reasonable combination of already registered resticides evaluated as the fairly safe pesticides and safe formulation based on their physico-chemical properties would be developed primarily. And many efforts would be given gradually for the development of new chemical and biological pesticides.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.560-568
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• 1991

국내에서 현재 규제되고 있는 농약에 대해 신속, 간단한 동시분석법이 연구되었다. 시료는 아세톤과 메탄올로 추출하고 물을 가한 다음, $CH_2Cl_2$로 분배시킨다. 추출물은 Bio-Beads S-X3 컬럼에서 cyclohexane-methylene chloride의 용출액 11ml를 받아 불순물을 분리, 제거하고 ECD/NPD가 병렬되게 BP-1(methyl silicone) 모세관 컬럼에 연결된 기체 크로마토그래피로 분석한다. 농약 첨가에 의한 평균 회수율은 쌀에서 83% 이상이었고, 콩에서 3종 농약을 제외하면 81% 이상이었다. 검출한계는 쌀에서 0.002 ppm(${\alpha}$-BHC 등)~0.3 ppm(carbaryl 등) 이었다.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경농학회 2009년도 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
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• pp.344-344
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• 2009

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2012

식량증산을 위해 농약사용량이 증가함에 따라, 식품 중 잔류농약의 안전성 문제에 대한 관심은 날로 증가하고 있지만 효율적인 잔류농약 저감화 방법은 보급되지 못하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 최근에 기체 플라즈마에 의한 오염물질 제거는 고효율성과 환경친화성으로 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 특히 플라즈마는 수질 및 고체 표면 중 유기인계살충제, 페놀, 벤조산, 염료, 니트로벤젠과 같은 오염물질의 제거에 큰 효과가 있는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 본 연구는 플라즈마를 이용하여 농식품 중에 잔류되는 농약의 제거 가능성을 알아보고자 대기압 및 감압플라즈마 플라즈마 발생 상태에서 60종의 농약을 대상으로 분해양상을 파악해보고자 시도하였다. 시험용 농약을 유리판에 도포 후 대기압 및 감압 플라즈마 발생기에서 5분간 조사 후 잔류량을 확인 한 결과 대조구의 회수 분석결과가 70% 미만인 18종을 제외한 41종의 농약 분해율이 66.88-100%를 나타내었고, clothianidin은 감압플라즈마하에서 26.9%이 분해율을 보였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.112-123
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• 1997

Chemical pesticides have been re used for a long time to protect crops from diseases, insects, and weeds ; ample and secure supply of foods in present days would not be possible without them. However, concerns on the risk of using chemical pesticides rising steadily in recent years forced discard many of them and seek an alternate, environment-friendly control strategies. Microbial pesticide is regarded as one of the most promising methods because if properly developed, it will be effective, cheap, and environment-safe. Currently, about 180 microbial pesticides are under development throughout the world and at least 20 of them including B.t. and antibiotics are registered in Korea. This paper discusses some of the successful examples, intriguing problems, and future prospects of microbial pesticides.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 1977

In order to evaluate the mutagenic potential in animal for these pesticides which were proved to be mutagenic in the bacterial screening system with a metabolic activation in vitro, we have studied in vivo cytogenetic effects on mouse bone marrow by means of the micronucleus test. The clastogenic activity of the chemical is evaluated as the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes. We have tested six pesticides, insecticides, DDVP and trichlorfon, fungicide, TMTD, herbicides, NIP and MO and growth regula색, maleic hydrazide. It was found that among the tested pesticides only TMTD exhibited minimal activity in inducing micronuclei. Organophosphorus insecticide DDVP that is the most broadly used and economically important chemical, did not increase the micronuclei frequencies in mouse bone marrow cells as with the all other pesticides tested.