• Title/Summary/Keyword: chemical indicator

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A Study on Green Management of Petroleum Refining and Chemical Companies Applying to Assessment Indicator of Green Management (녹색경영 평가지표를 적용한 국내·외 정유/화학기업의 녹색경영 비교 연구)

  • Paik, Jang Hyun
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.101-116
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    • 2012
  • Green management is, as the response to climate changes emerges to a global issue, a concept which reduction of greenhouse gases, alternative energy development and other low-carbon green growth factors are added on the existing environmental management. Also as discussions on the performance measurement of firms' domestic and international green managements proliferate and the importance of understanding, analyzing and evaluating firms' environmental maintenance rises, variety forms of green management performance measurement indicators are being developed and practiced. However, specific implementation methodologies about green management have been lacking. Hence in this research, In order to have objective evaluations on firms' green managements through the proposed indicator, AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) and experts' survey on weight dependence were applied. Sustainability reports and other associated documents of ten major oil/ chemical corporations of in and out of the country were analyzed and corporations were evaluated and compared through weight differentiated indicator subsections.

The Estimation of the Extent of Weathering using Fractal Dimension through a Comparison with Chemical Characteristic (화학적 특성과의 비교 분석을 통한 프랙탈 차원을 이용한 풍화도 추정)

  • Noh, Soo-Kack;Son, Young-Hwan;Bong, Tae-Ho;Park, Jae-Sung
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.127-135
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    • 2012
  • The processes of chemical and physical weathering occur simultaneously. The objective of this study was to estimate the degree weathered using fractal dimension through comparison with chemical characteristic of soil samples from Pohang (PH) and Kimpo (KP). Comparing chemical characteristics with fractal dimension, $SiO_2$, $Na_2O$, $K_2O$ content decreased and loss of ignition increased as fractal dimension increased. And fractal dimension showed high correlation with CWI while ATI, STI CIW, PI, CIA and RR demonstrated different degrees of correlation with fractal dimension. The tendency of the changes in oxide content and chemical weathering index with increasing fractal dimension appeared to be similar with the chemical changes due to weathering. Therefore, fractal dimension could be a good indicator representing the extent of weathering and chemical changes.

Distribution of Indicator Bacteria in Seawater off the Coast of Jeju Island (제주도 연안 해역의 오염지표세균의 분포)

  • Roh, Heyong Jin;Lim, Yun-Jin;Kim, Ahran;Kim, Nam Eun;Kim, Youngjae;Park, Noh Back;Hwang, Jee-Youn;Kwon, Mun-Gyeong;Kim, Do-Hyung
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.450-455
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    • 2018
  • We examined correlations of the density of fish farms with the distributions of indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci) and a bacterial fish pathogen (Streptococcus parauberis) off the coastline of Jeju Island. Seawater samples were collected at four coastal sites on the Island [Aewol (control), Gujwa, Pyoseon and Daejeong] in June, August and October 2016. The indicator bacteria were generally more frequently isolated from samples taken in August when water temperatures and human activities on nearby beaches were highest. Although fish farms were least common at Daejeong, the numbers of isolated fecal indicator bacteria were highest in the seawater and effluent water collected from this site. Hence, fish farms were not likely major contributors of indicator bacteria at Daejeong. We found discrepancies between the isolated bacterial counts and the predicted bacterial copy numbers deduced from our qPCR results, indicating that this pathogen may exist in a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state in seawater. Thus, livestock wastewater and chemical fertilizer loading off Jeju Island may negatively impact seawater quality more than the effluent released from fish farms does.

The Synthesis of Indigoid-Type Dyes Based on Isatin $\alpha-Chloride$ (Isatin $\alpha-chloride$에 의한 인디고계 염료의 합성)

  • Park, Soo-Youl;Shin, Seung-Rim;Shin, Joung-Il;Jun, Kun
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.6-11
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    • 2007
  • The indigoid-type dyes based on isatin $\alpha-chloride$ were synthesized and the dyes were discussed with relevance to the "H-chromophore" or "cross-conjugated chromophore". The color-changed properties of the dyes were also investigated by means of visible absorption spectra. The novel dyes from isatin $\alpha-chloride$ are of theoretical interest and such dyes can be used as continuous pH indicators in acid/base titrimetric analyses.

Application of the Life Cycle Assessment Methodology to Rice Cultivation in Relation to Fertilization (시비방법별 벼 재배에 따른 전과정평가 방법을 적용한 환경영향 평가)

  • Shin, Joung-Du;Lim, Dong-Kyu;Kim, Gun-Yeob;Park, Mun-Hee;Koh, Mun-Hwan;Eom, Ki-Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.41-46
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    • 2003
  • The suitability of the life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to analyze the environmental impact of rice cultivation with different fertilizing systems is investigated. The arst part of an LCA is an inventory of parameters used and emissions released due to the system under investigation. In the following step, the Life Cycle Impact Assessment the inventory data were analyzed and aggregated in order to finally get one index representing the total environmental burden. For the life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) the Eco-indicator 95 method has been chosen because this is well documented and regularly applied impact assessment method. The resulting index is called Eco-indicator value. The higher the Eco-indicator value the stronger is the total environmental impact of an analyzed fertilizing system. The rice field experiment conducted in middle parts of korea was chosen as an example for the life cycle impact analysis. In this experiment the treatments were consisted of none fertilizer plot (NF), standard fertilizer plot (SF) applied chemical fertilizers based on soil chemical analysis before rice transplanting, and efflux fertilized plot (EF) applied with pig wastes fermented as the same rates of SF plot as basis on total nitrogen content. The obtained Eco-indicator values were clearly different among the treatments in the rice trial. The total Eco-indicator values for SF and EF have been observed 58 and 38% relative to the NF, respectively. For all the treatments the environmental effects of eutrophication contributed most to the total Eco-indicator value. The results appeared that the LCA methodology is basically suitable to assess the environmental impact associated with different fertilizer applications for rice cultivation. A comparative analysis of the fertilizing system's contribution to global warming and eutrophication is possible.

Thallium(Ⅰ)-Selective Membrane Potentiometric Sensor Based on Dibenzyldiaza-18-Crown-6

  • Khayatian, Gholamreza;Shariati, Satar;Salimi, Abdollah
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.421-425
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    • 2003
  • A new thallium(Ⅰ) selective electrode based on dibenzylidaza-18-crown-6 as mambrane carrier was successfully prpared. The electrode exhibitis a near-Nernstian response for $ T1^+$ ions over a wide concentration range from $1.0×10^{15}-1.0×10^{-1}$M at 25℃, and was found to be selective, precise and useable within the pH range 4.0-11.0. The electrode was successfully used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of thallium ions.

Effect of Chemical Passivation Treatment and Flow on the Corrosion of 304 Stainless Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

  • Zhao, Jie;Cheng, Cong Qian;Cao, Tie Shan
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.273-279
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    • 2015
  • Effects of passive film quality by chemical passivation and solution flow on the corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel in HCl solution were investigated using a coloration indicator, and by corrosion weight loss, electrochemical polarization and element dissolution measurements. A high redness degree suggests a low passive-film integrity for 304 stainless steel following air exposure, while the minimum redness degree for the samples after chemical passivation suggests a high passive-film integrity. In the static condition, samples subjected to air exposure exhibited a high corrosion rate and preferential dissolution of Fe. Chemical passivation inhibited the corrosion rate due to the intrinsically high structural integrity of the passive film and high concentrations of Cr-rich oxides and hydroxide. Solution flow accelerated corrosion by promoting both the anodic dissolution reaction and the cathodic reaction. Solution flow also altered the preferential dissolution to fast uniform dissolution of metal elements.

Percentage of motile spermatozoa at 22 hours after swim-up procedure: An indicator for intracytoplasmic sperm injection?

  • Inoue, Taketo;Yonezawa, Yukiko;Sugimoto, Hironobu;Uemura, Mikiko;Ono, Yuri;Kishi, Junji;Emi, Nobuyuki;Ono, Yoshiyuki
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.157-163
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    • 2016
  • Objective: The decision to use in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or split insemination (IVF-ICSI) in the first cycle is based on the number of motile sperm. Hence, total fertilization failure (TFF) often occurs during IVF cycles, despite normozoospermia. To investigate whether the cumulative motile swim-up spermatozoa percentage at 22 hours post-insemination (MSPPI) is an indicator for ICSI, we analyzed TFF, fertilization, blastocyst development, chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates. Methods: This prospective study was performed using data obtained from 260 IVF cycles. At 22 hours after insemination, the remaining swim-up spermatozoa were observed and divided into six groups according to MSPPI (<10%, 10% to <30%, 30% to <50%, 50% to <70%, 70% to <90%, and 90% to 100%). Results: Regardless of the ejaculated motile sperm concentration ($0.6-280{\times}10^6/mL$ motile spermatozoa), the incidence of TFF significantly increased when MSPPI was <10%, and the fertilization rate significantly decreased when MSPPI was <30%. We found that cumulative MSPPI correlated with the cumulative fertilization rate (Spearman correlation, 0.508, p<0.001). Regarding embryo development, we observed no significant differences in the rates of blastocyst development, chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, or live birth among all groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MSPPI is a viable indicator for split IVF-ICSI and ICSI. Taken together, by employing the MSPPI test in advance before IVF, ICSI, or split IVF-ICSI cycles, unnecessary split IVF-ICSI and ICSI may be avoided.

A Liquid-Based Colorimetric Assay of Lysine Decarboxylase and Its Application to Enzymatic Assay

  • Kim, Yong Hyun;Sathiyanarayanan, Ganesan;Kim, Hyun Joong;Bhatia, Shashi Kant;Seo, Hyung-Min;Kim, Jung-Ho;Song, Hun-Seok;Kim, Yun-Gon;Park, Kyungmoon;Yang, Yung-Hun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.25 no.12
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    • pp.2110-2115
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    • 2015
  • A liquid-based colorimetric assay using a pH indicator was introduced for high-throughput monitoring of lysine decarboxylase activity. The assay is based on the color change of bromocresol purple, measured at 595 nm in liquid reaction mixture, due to an increase of pH by the production of cadaverine. Bromocresol purple was selected as the indicator because it has higher sensitivity than bromothymol blue and pheonol red within a broad range and shows good linearity within the applied pH. We applied this for simple determination of lysine decarboxylase reusability using 96-well plates, and optimization of conditions for enzyme overexpression with different concentrations of IPTG on lysine decarboxylase. This assay is expected to be applied for monitoring and quantifying the liquid-based enzyme reaction in biotransformation of decarboxylase in a high-throughput way.

Volumetric Determination of a small amount of Iron with Potassium Ferrocyanide (훼로시안化 칼리움에 依한 鐵의 微量適定法)

  • Won, Chong-Hun
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.42-47
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    • 1961
  • A titration of a small amount of iron with standard potassium ferrocyanide using potassium thiocyanate as indicator has been studied. A sample solution containing $0.1{\sim}1.0$ mg. $Fe^{3+}$ in 60 ml. is pipeted into 100 ml. Erlenmyer flask and the pH of the solution is adjusted to $1.5{\sim}3.0$ with 0.1 N or 1 N $HNO_3$ and $NH_4OH.$ To this solution one ml. of 1 M KCNS solution as indicator is added. The solution colored by iron thiocyanate complex is titrated with 1/200 M or 1/400 M standard solution of potassium ferrocyanide from a 5 ml. micro-buret. Near the end point, when the color of sample changes from deep red to green, about 20 ml. of ether is added and shake the flask vigorously. The red color is extracted to the ether layer. To settle the ether layer a few drops of ethanol is added and then standard solution is added dropwise and shake vigorously. The end point is reached when the color of the ether layer disappears owing to the quantitative formation of $Fe_4[Fe(CN)_6]_3.$ In this titration, 0.lmg. of $Fe^{3+}$ can be determined within 1.0% of titration error, provided the following optimum conditions, i.e., pH $1.5{\sim}3.0$, final concentration of KCNS indicator; $0.01{\sim}0.02M$, at room temperature. The titration found to be interfered by the presence of slightly soluble salts, stable complex forming ions and the ions which would be reduced by ferrocyanide or oxidized by ferric ion.

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