• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.18-24
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was carried out to estimate removal possibility of IBMP and IPMP causing odor in raw water. As a result of Freundlich isotherm. IBMP was superior to IPMP in adsorptive capacity. Adsorptive capacities of activated carbon were found to be in order of Lignite, Coconut shell, and Charcoal. These were well fitted with Freundlich isotherm. According to adsorption breakthrough tests for Lignite GAC, breakthrough time of IPMP and IBMP were 5.7hr and 5.5hr, respectively. Because adsorptive capacities of target material were very different with pore size distribution, it seemed that Lignite and Coconut shell based activated carbons were recommended in order to remove door compounds.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제13권
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• pp.65-70
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• 1995

국내 농가 포장에서 수집(蒐集)된 작약(芍藥)종자의 크기와 발아율(發芽率)간에는 유의성이 인정되지 않았으며, 작약(芍藥)종자의 발아적온은 $20^{\circ}C$로 나타났고 종피색별 발아율은 담갈색(淡褐色)의 종자에서 68%로 가장 높았다. 작약(芍藥)종자에서 침출되는 점액물(粘液物) 총량은 종피색에 따라 차이를 보여, 담갈색(淡褐色)이 가장 적었고, 갈색(褐色), 농갈색(濃褐色), 흑갈색(黑褐色) 순으로 색깔이 짙어질 수록 많았다. 작약(芍藥)종자의 발아율과 발아과정중 침출된 점액물(粘液物)총량과의 관계는 부의 상관이 인정되었다. 관행 노천매장에서 처리 8주후의 발아율이 50%로 낮은데 비해, 모래 + 활성탄 혼합처리에서의 발아율은 93%로 매우 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2006

고로쇠나무의 수액 채취에 따른 임목 피해를 최소화하고 지속적으로 수액 채취가 가능하도록 하기 위해 적정 천공 크기와 천공 수를 조사하였다. 천공 크기별 수액 채취량은 12 mm 천공에서 189 L, 10 mm 천공에서 140 L, 8 mm 천공에서 193 L가 채취되었다. 천공 크기별 유합율은 8 mm 천공이 100%, 10 mm 천공이 89%, 12 mm 천공이 85% 가 유합되었다. 수액 채취량을 고려한다면 8 mm 천공의 경우 소경목은 3개, 중경목은 2개, 대경목은 3개, 12 mm 천공은 대경목에 2개의 천공이 적합한 것으로 추정된다. DB 도포제를 이용하여 8 mm로 소경목에 $1{\sim}3$개를 천공한 처리목은 $4{\sim}6$개월 만에 유합이 완료되는 것으로 나타났다. 8 mm 천공인 소경목의 l 개소 처리구, 중경목 2개소 처리구, 대경목 3개소 처리구에서 각각 0.60 mm, 1.12 mm, 0.47 mm로 가장 많은 직경 생장량을 나타내었다. 12 mm 천공인 경우의 직경 생장량은 대경목 0.55 mm, 중경목 0.30 mm, 소경목 0.23 mm 의 순으로 나타났다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.480-487
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• 2015

In this study, several kinds of active carbons with high specific surface area and micro pore structure were prepared from the coconut shell charcoal using chemical activation method. The physical property of prepared active carbon was investigated by experimental variables such as activating chemical agents to char coal ratio, flow rate of inert gas and temperature. It was shown that chemical activation with KOH and NaOH was successfully able to make active carbons with high surface area of $1900{\sim}2500m^2/g$ and mean pore size of 1.85~2.32 nm. The coin cell using water-based binder in the electrolyte of LiPF6 dissolved in mixed organic solvents (EC:DMC:EMC=1:1:1 vol%) showed better capacity than that of oil-based binder. Also, it was found that the coin cell of water-based binder shows an improved cycling performance and coulombic efficiency.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2011

Fifty two Macrophomina phaseolina isolates were recovered from 24 host plant species through the 14 Iranian provinces. All isolates were confirmed to species using species-specific primers. The colony characteristics of each isolate were recorded, including chlorate phenotype, relative growth rate at $30^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$, average size of microsclerotia, and time to microsclerotia formation. The feathery colony phenotype was the most common (63.7%) on the chlorate selective medium and represented the chlorate sensitive phenotype of the Iranian Macrophomina phaseolina population. Meantime, inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) Markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of the fungus. Unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering of data showed that isolates did not clearly differentiate to the specific group according to the host or geographical origins, however, usually the isolates from the same host or the same geographic origin tend to group nearly. Our results did not show a correlation between the genetic diversity based on the ISSR and phenotypic characteristics. Similar to the M. phaseolina populations in the other countries, the Iranian isolates were highly diverse based on the phenotypic and the genotypic characteristics investigated and needs more studies using neutral molecular tools to get a deeper insight into this complex species.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권13호
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• pp.37-58
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• 1992

Iron artifacts from Busǒ Sansǒng inffered to late Baikjae periodwere studied on the aspects of metallugy. These materials were the largest size ever since excavated. From the analytical results these artifacts were found to be pureiron system without impurities or hypo-eutectoid steel system in below 0.3% in carbon contents. From the content of phosphorus in the range of 0.03∼0.05% as aim purity it was shown that charcoal were used for making these iron artifacts from sponge iron not fusion method. By observing metallugical structure it was found that iron artifacts was manufactured by repetitive folding and hammering forging method and some by heating method for adding carbon with cool water. This method were to improve the quality of the soften steel to harden one. In addition to those above repetitive hammering method eliminated the nonferrous materials such as slag inclusion and remained relatively pure ferrite.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2005

Recently the Volatile Organic Compound, HCHO, a harmful object spout from the construction materials is made an issue of social problem. Also the appearance of the building where the confidentiality is high was interior air pollution and it was brought about a huge problem. The government research facility and a relation industry sector conducts a many effort to improves like this actual condition. The Diverse ability building material which contains the natural material of the jade, the charcoal and the hwangto instead of the finish material which contains the harmful chemical material, is becoming development and utility. Hereupon the study have carried out research on hwangto plaster that was composed of hwangto and rice straw. The result of test that is deduced by basic proportion is properly appeared with suitable ratio of the hwangto and the sand to 4:6~5:5 by the compressive strength and crack control, workability. The result of test, that adds the rice straw to basic blending for a crack control, appeared with the fact that it is most suitable 3%to add the rice straw that has a length of 0.5cm~2cm. The result of test that plaster over the large size to compare a cement plaster with a hwangto plaster show a similar efficiency by workability. Also it controlled the crack and peeling off actual condition which is discovered from the hwangto plaster of existing perfectly.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.62-62
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• 2022

Freesia has been an important worldwide cut flower because of its fragrance, long vase life and the wide color range of the flower. The conventional propagation methods by seeds and corms have many disadvantages such as shorter inflorescences with fewer numbers of florets, a reduction in cut flower quality and the accumulation of plant viruses in corms by successive cultivation. Therefore, the conventional propagation systems in Freesia needs to be replaced with tissue cultures to overcome the disadvantages. This study explored an efficient multiplication protocol using the combination of plant growth regulators (PGRs) for developed cultivar 'Sunny Gold'. The combination between 6-benzylaminopurin (BA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) did not produce new shoots but developed enlarged roots. BA only treatments and the combination between BA and kinetin treatments were effective on shoot multiplication. The highest average number of shoots was 5.3 in the presence of 3 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L kinetin. To produce corms and cormlets, proliferated shoots were subcultured on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 90 g/L sucrose, 1 g/L charcoal and 7 g/L plant agar and placed at 4℃ in the dark for 6 months. The small size of corms and comlets were produced. The average number of regenerated comlets was 2.75 per shoot. The results showed that shoot multiplication is more efficient than cormlet regeneration for in vitro freesia proliferation.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to investigate characteristic changes on nonwoven fabric for disposable work clothes by the yellow soil printing. It separate grind yellow soil as two different size of particles $45\sim52{\mu}m$ and $53\sim65{\mu}m$ for hand screen printing on three kind of nonwoven fabrics. To examine the effect of yellow soil printing on nonwoven fabric were to observe, dyeability by using spectrophotometer, moisture regain by oven method, air permeability, anion property and antibacterial activity. The results were as follows: When yellow soil concentration increased from 5 to 10%, K/S value also increased from 1.05 to 1.88. When yellow soil concentration increased, moisture regain also increased. In same concentration, moisture regain occurred higher as particle of small size. Air permeability decreased when the charcoal printing concentration increased. Anion occurrence appeared $140\sim160ion/cc$ from three different kinds of nonwoven fabrics in 3% and 9% yellow soil concentration. Therefore, occurred anion ineffectively. In concentration of 3%, rate of deodorization measured as 89%, 83% and 87%, and 9% concentration caused 96%, 86% and 93% of high deodorization. Antibacterial activity examination in nonfinished nonwoven fabric resulted range of 60%, however, 3% and 9% concentration finished nonwoven fabric resulted 99.9% of excellent antibacterial activity Surface temperature increased $1.5\sim2^{\circ}C$ by yellow soil finishing.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.208-216
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• 2022

우리나라 전통 숯가마로부터 제조된 검탄 및 백탄의 표면형상과 흡착특성을 정량적으로 분석한 결과, 모든 시료의 열분석과 원소분석 등 물성은 제조회사마다 차이가 났고 백탄은 검탄에 비하여 확실히 열분해온도와 탄소함유량이 높았다. 숯의 표면형상으로부터 활성화는 목재의 축방향을 따라 발생하고 활성화정도가 증가함에 따라 대기공의 벽면에 반경방향으로 새로운 기공이 발달하여 기공들이 서로 관통됨을 알 수 있었다. BET 등온흡.탈착곡선은 대부분 낮은 상대압력에서 탈착이 안되는 이력현상을 보이므로서 미세공이 많이 발달된 Type I으로 분류되기 보다는 Type IV의 이력현상 경로와 겹쳐지는 숯 만의 독특한 탈착곡선을 보이고 있다. 낮은 압력 이력(low-pressure hysteresis)현상은 흡착질이 숯의 미세공 입구를 팽창시켜 끼이고는 탈착시에 빠져나오지 않기 때문이다. 따라서 분석된 비표면적값과 세공크기분포도 등 숯의 흡착특성은 정확한 값을 나타내지 않는다. 이러한 특성값은 제조회사에 따라 다를 뿐만아니라 한 조각의 숯이라도 채취한 부위에 따라 크게 달랐다. 따라서, 우리나라 전통숯의 정량적 특성값을 제시하는 일은 쉽지 않고 흡착제나 특수한 용도로 응용하기 위하여는 각각의 목적에 맞는 일정 수준의 성능을 갖도록 품질기준을 제시할 필요가 있다.