• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2008

From pathological view, Gwoleumbyeong(厥陰病) may be explained as extreme reduction of Gwoleumgyeonggi(厥陰經氣) due to immoderate Wihan(胃寒). Also, concerning regions of human body, Gwoleumbyeong has close relation to lower abdomen and genital, which are the origins of Gwoleum meridian[厥陰經]. Therefore, it is appropriate that the nature of Gwoleumbyeong be described as Hangeukyangul(寒極陽鬱), rather than Sangyeolhahan(上熱下寒), Hanyeolchakjap(寒熱錯雜). Sangyeolhahan, Hanyeolchakjap does not represent Gwoleumbyeong to the full extent, in a sense that the term views Hanyeol(寒熱) as two equal rank, whereas pathogenesis of Gwoleumbyeong depends on the sole extremity of Wihan(胃寒). The reason that the nature of sanghallon(傷寒論) be regarded as Sangyeolhahan, Hanyeolchakjap has been lying on the presupposition that whole symptoms of Hangwol (寒厥), Yeolgwol(熱厥), diarrhea[下利], vomiting[嘔吐] and hiccup, from "Gwoleumpyeon(厥陰篇)",may be categorized into Gwoleumbyeong. However, the symptoms described above do not show Gihwa(氣化) characteristic of Gwoleum(厥陰) and follow the regional distribution of Gwoleumbyeong, from which it can be pointed that those symptoms have no relation with Gwoleumbyeong. Ever since the theory of Yukgigihwa(六氣氣化) was used to comprehend and interpret "Sanghallon", Gwoleumbyeong has been thought as equivalence of Gwol(厥), which led to misunderstanding of Sangyeolhahan, Hanyeolchakjap. However, Gwoleumbyeong from "Sanghallon" has been argued in specific, through the historical practice of Sanghan(傷寒) as pathogen, particular state of meridian and correlation of meridian and Byeongjeung(病證).

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2009

The internal stipe necrosis of cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) is caused by the bacterium Ewingella americana, a species of the Enterobacteriaceae. Recently, Ewingella americana was isolated from cultivated white button mushrooms in Korea evidencing symptoms of internal stipe browning. Its symptoms are visible only at harvest, and appear as a variable browning reaction in the center of the stipes. From these lesions, we isolated one bacterial strain (designated CH4). Inoculation of the bacterial isolate into mushroom sporocarps yielded the characteristic browning symptoms that were distinguishable from those of the bacterial soft rot that is well known to mushroom growers. The results of Gram stain, flagellal staining, and biochemical tests identified these isolates as E. americana. This was verified by pathogenicity, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and the results of an analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences and the fatty acids profile. This is the first report of the isolation of E. americana from cultivated white button mushrooms in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAOD) are an autosomal recessive inherited rare disease group that result in an acute metabolic crisis and chronic energy deficiency owing to the deficiency in an enzyme that converts long-chain fatty acids into energy. LC-FAOD includes carnitine palmitoyltransferase type 1 (CPT1), carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT), carnitine palmitoyltransferase type 2 (CPT2), very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD), and trifunctional protein (TFP) deficiencies. Common symptoms of LC-FAOD are hypoketotic hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, and myopathy. Depending on symptom onset, the disease can be divided as neonatal period, late infancy and early childhood, adolescence, or adult onset, but symptoms can appear at any time. The neonatal screening test (NBS) can be used to identify the characteristic plasma acylcarnitine profiles for each disease and confirmed by deficient enzyme analysis or molecular testing. Before introduction of NBS, the mortality rate of LC-FAOD was very high. With NBS implementation as routine neonatal care, the mortality rate was dramatically decreased, but severe symptoms such as rhabdomyolysis recur frequently and affect the quality of life. Triheptanoin (Dojolvi^®), the first drug for pediatric and adult patients with molecularly confirmed LC-FAOD, has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2020. In this review, the diagnosis of LC-FAOD and treatment including triheptanoin are summarized.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.701-704
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• 1971

The authors have studied histopathologically, based with symptoms, on 51 aged woman who treated in infirmary hospital of dental college of Seoul National University. The results are as follows: 1. Symptoms of patient were swelling of lower left mandible, gingival enlargement, ulceration and severe bleeding. 2. We observed characteristic features on the blood test such as decreased leukocytes with severe decrease of granular leuckocytes and sudden increase of lymphocytes. 3. On the histopathological studies, we observed severe destruction of gingival tissue with few granular leukocytic infiltration, but displaced with massive lymphochtic infiltration.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.1
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• pp.34-37
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• 2014

Glomus tumors of the lung are rare benign neoplasm, originating from modified smooth muscle cells. The patients are usually presented with no or non-specific symptoms such as cough, dyspnea or hemoptysis. Although surgical treatment is considered as the treatment of choice, the endobronchial therapy can be applied to the patients who are unfit for surgical excision. Herein, we describe two rare cases of glomus tumor originated at large airway (trachea and main bronchus) without respiratory symptoms and review their characteristic radiologic, macroscopic and pathological features.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2009

To address the need for new intelligent sensing, this paper introduces nano sensors made of carbon nanotube (CNT) composites and presents their preliminary experiments. Having smart material properties such as piezoresistivity, chemical and bio selectivity, the nano composite can be used as smart electrodes of the nano sensors. The nano composite sensor can detect structural deterioration, chemical contamination and bio signal by means of its impedance measurement (resistance and capacitance). For a structural application, the change of impedance shows specific patterns depending on the structural deterioration and this characteristic is available for an in-situ multi-functional sensor, which can simultaneously detect multi symptoms of the structure. This study is anticipated to develop a new nano sensor detecting multiple symptoms in structural, chemical and bio applications with simple electric circuits.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.537-541
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• 1990

Early esophageal carcinoma is defined as a lesion wherein invasion is confined to the mucosa and submucosa without metastasis to lymph node or other organs. Postoperative 5-year survival rate for early esophageal carcinoma is much superior than advanced carcinoma. Unfortunately, because of the anatomic characteristic of esophagus and absence of specific early symptoms, detection is frequently belated, and advanced disease is present at the time of the initial diagnosis. We experienced 2 cases of early esophageal carcinoma. They complained no specific symptoms. The diagnosis was made by barium esophagogram, esophagofiberscopy with dye staining and endoscopic biopsy. We performed esophagectomy with esophagogastrostomy. All had good postoperative course without any complication. We concluded that the combined use of double contrast radiography, esopagofiberscopy aided by intraluminal staining with Toluidine blue or Lugol`s solution, and endoscopic biopsy is very important in the diagnosis of early esophageal carcinoma in high risk patient group.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.271-274
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• 2019

Between August and September 2017, zonate leaf spots with severe defoliation were observed on Parthenocissus tricuspidata in Gimcheon, Korea. The initial symptoms included water-soaked, gray to grayish brown, circular or irregular-shaped leaf spots. As the disease progressed, the spots enlarged, coalesced, and became cream-colored with characteristic target-shaped rings, leading to leaf blight and premature defoliation. Based on cultural and morphological characteristics, the fungus associated with the symptoms was identified as Grovesinia moricola. The identity of this fungus was confirmed by analyzing sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. The pathogenicity of the isolate was demonstrated by artificial inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of G. moricola occurring on P. tricuspidata globally as well as in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.345-349
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• 2003

The dynamic behavior of CANDU nuclear fuel channel was analyzed by the use of 3-dimensional finite element method, under the various fault conditions such as a fault in the end fitting support and the removal/migration of the garter spring in the fuel channel, in order to predict the dynamic behavior for a degraded symptoms of CANDU nuclear fuel channel. Moreover, the frequency response analysis for possible fault conditions was also peformed considering the effects of the pressure tube vibration and flow-induced vibration by the coolant flow. From the analysis of the frequency responses, defects in the garter spring have influenced the changes of 2nd and 3rd modes and all the important modes are varied for the failure in the journal bearing in the end fitting body.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.157-158
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• 2001

In 2001, extremely cold air covered Korean peninsula during mid-January, recording - 29.2$^{\circ}C$ in Cheolwon region in Kangwon province. As a result, 4 cities or department below -$25^{\circ}C$ and 10 cities or department between 20 to -24.9$^{\circ}C$ were under the anxiety of cold injury in peach and grape. This survey and investigation was carried out to elucidate the characteristic symptoms of cold injury in peach and to obtain the basic information about the phenomenon, which could be occur in low air temperature.(omitted)