• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.267-273
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• 2007

A depletion-mode MOSFET has been analyzed to evaluate its electrical behavior using a novel 3-D numerical simulation package. The characterizing analysis of the BC MOSFET was performed through short-channel narrow-channel and small-geometry effects that are investigated, in detail, in terms of the threshold voltage. The DIBL effect becomes significant for a short-channel device with a channel length of $<\;3({\mu}m)$. For narrow-channel devices the variation of the threshold voltage was sharp for $<4({\mu}m)$ due to the strong narrow-channel effect. In the case of small-geometry devices, the shift of the threshold voltage was less sensitive due to the combination of the DIBL and substrate bias effects, as compared with that observed from the short-channel and narrow-channel devices. The characterizing analysis of the narrow-channel and small-geometry devices, especially with channel width of $<\;4({\mu}m)$ and channel area of $<\;4{\times}4({\mu}m^2)$ respectively, can be accurately performed only from a 3-D numerical simulation due to their sharp variations in threshold voltages.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.35-42
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of utilitarian value, hedonic value, channel integration quality on Omni-Channel Shopping Intention and shopper satisfaction in the e-commerce industry in Indonesia. Research design, data and methodology: This research method uses quantitative research methods with purposive sampling technique. The hypothesis was tested using SEM-PLS. Results: Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that there is an influence between the Utilitarian value on the Omni-channel shopping intention, there is no effect between the hedonic value on the Omni-channel shopping intention, there is no influence between the quality of Channel integration on the Omni-channel shopping intention, there is an influence between the quality of Channel integration and the Omni-channel shopping intention between utilitarian values on shopper satisfaction, there is no effect between hedonic values on shopper satisfaction, there is an influence between channel integration quality on shopper satisfaction, and there is an influence between Omni-channel shopping intentions on shopper satisfaction. Conclusions: The findings of this study prove that Omni-Channel Shopping Intention is one of the most effective management and marketing techniques to enhance an important aspect of their company, namely an efficient and holistic consumer shopping experience.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.93-107
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• 2011

SO and Satellite Broadcaster can operate SO Operating channel in Korea. However, the Broadcasting act does not specify the direction of what purpose the SO operating channel would be operated for. Accordingly, SO and Satellite Broadcaster do not operate SO operating channel or use it as profit channel when operating. In this respect, the cases of U.S. and Japan have been studied to determine how SO operating channel should be operated to make it desirable. In the U.S., it is being used in various ways such as profit channel, multi-access channel and access channel. In Japan, it is mainly focused on the role as local channel, being coordinated with local governments to form public opinion on local news and issues or to announce local events. In Korea, SO is operating local channel similar to the one in Japan rather than SO operating channel, while Satellite Broadcasting is operating SO operating channel mainly for its profits. As SO operating channel is operated on the basis of the broadcasters' expediency without clear stipulation in Korea, we will need to seek the plan to use it for public interests by discussing more the status and operation of SO operating channel.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.346-359
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• 2018

Currently, dramatic change had led to the growth of the distribution environment and the retailer's distribution channel. This change had shifted the 'single channel' to 'multi channel', and from 'cross channel' to 'omni channel'. While fashion companies using omni channel are rapidly growing, few research regarding omni channel had been done in academic field. In this study, we examined the influence of omni channel characteristics on consumers' perceived risk as well as consumers' perceived risk toward attitude and intention to use omni channel. We surveyed 696 male and female respondents aged 20 to 40 who lived in Seoul and the metropolitan area. Using AMOS 20.0, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and structural equation model analysis were performed to verify the model of this study. The results were as follows. First, omni channel's instant connectivity, location-based provability, interactivity, and entertainment factors did not decrease impacts on the perceived risk related to privacy and annoyance. Second, omni channel's instant connectivity and entertainment did not increase effects on the perceived financial risk, and location-based provability and interactivity did not increase effect on perceived financial risk. Third, the perceived risk concerning omni channel did not decrease on consumer attitude toward omni channel. Fourth, consumer attitude toward omni channel influenced the intention to use omni channel significantly.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.29-49
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• 2022

Consumers are now no longer satisfied with using a single channel to shop and then desire a smooth and consistent purchasing experience across channels. By integrating different channels and services, an omni-channel strategy allows consumers to choose their preferred channel to complete their shopping tasks. Therefore, large retailers in China have recently been transforming into omni-channel retail formats to secure their competitive advantage. To better implement this strategy and optimize its effectiveness, it is important to understand how consumers respond to the quality of channel integration. Based on social exchange theory (SET), the main purposes of this study are to explore the impact of channel integration quality on consumer engagement in the Chinese omni-channel retailing environment and to further examine whether there is a moderating effect of consumer empowerment on this relationship. To test this research model, we collected data from 330 respondents by conducting an online questionnaire in China. The results indicated that the two dimensions of channel integration (breadth of channel-service choice and transparency of channel-service configuration) positively affected two dimensions of customer engagement (conscious attention and enthusiastic participation), respectively. The findings also show that consumer empowerment only positively moderates the relationship between breadth of channel service choice and conscious attention, whereas it negatively moderates the relationship between transparency of channel-service configuration and conscious attention/enthusiastic participation. Given these results, this study deepens our understanding of the impact of the quality of channel integration on customer engagement in the context of omni-channel retailing in China and sheds light on how retailers can attract consumers with different levels of empowerment.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.911-923
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• 2014

Ad hoc cognitive radio wireless sensor networks allow secondary wireless sensor nodes to recognize spectrum opportunities and transmit data. Most existing protocols proposed for ad hoc cognitive radio wireless sensor networks require a dedicated common control channel. Allocating one channel just for control packet exchange is a waste of resources for channel-constrained networks. There are very few protocols that do not rely on a common control channel and that exchange channel-negotiation control packets during a pre-allocated time on the data channels. This, however, can require a substantial amount of time to access the channel when an incumbent is present on the channel, where the nodes are intended to negotiate for the data channel. This study examined channel access delay on cognitive radio wireless sensor networks that have no dedicated common control channel.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2010

opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) allows unlicensed users to share licensed spectrum in space and time with no or little interference to primary users, with bring new research challenges in MAC design. We propose a cognitive MAC protocol using statistical channel information and selecting appropriate idle channel for transmission. The protocol based on the CSMA/CA, exploits statistics of spectrum usage for decision making on channel access. Idle channel availability, spectrum hole sufficiency and available channel condition will be included in algorithm statistical information. The model include the control channel and data channel, the transmitter negotiates with receiver on transmission parameters through control channel, statistical decision results (successful rate of transmission) from exchanged transmission parameters of control channel should pass the threshold and decide the data transmission with spectrum hole on data channel. A dynamical sensing range as a important parameter introduced to maintain the our protocol performance. The proposed protocol's simulation will show that proposed protocol does improve the throughput performance via traditional opportunistic spectrum access MAC protocol.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 1999

To explore whether $Cl^-$ channel blockers interact with the ATP-sensitive $K^+\;(K_{ATP})$ channel, I have examined the effect of two common $Cl^-$ channel blockers on the $K_{ATP}$ channel activity in isolated rat ventricular myocytes using patch clamp techniques. In inside-out patches, 4,4'-diisothio-cyanatostilbene- 2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) and niflumic acid applied to bath solution inhibited the $K_{ATP}$ channel activity in a concentration-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ of 0.24 and 927 ${\mu}M,$ respectively. The inhibitory action of DIDS was irreversible whereas that of niflumic acid was reversible. Furthermore, DIDS-induced block was not recovered despite exposure to ATP (1 mM). In cell-attached and inside-out patches, DIDS blocked the pinacidil- or 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)-induced $K_{ATP}$ channel openings. In contrast, niflumic acid did not block the pinacidil-induced $K_{ATP}$ channel openings in inside-out patches, but inhibited it in cell-attached patches. DIDS and niflumic acid produced additional block in the presence of ATP and did not affect current-voltage relationship and channel kinetics. All these results indicate that DIDS among $Cl^-$ channel blockers specifically blocks the cardiac $K_{ATP}$ channel.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.148-159
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• 2013

An analysis of the throughput and stability region of random access systems is currently of interest in research and industry. This study evaluated the performance of a multiuser random access channel with a retransmission gain. The channel was composed of a media access control (MAC) determined by the transmission probabilities and a multiuser communication channel characterized by the packet reception probabilities as functions of the number of packet transmissions and the collision status. The analysis began with an illustrative two-user channel, and was extended to a general multiuser channel. For the two-user channel, a sufficient condition was derived, under which the maximum throughput was achieved with a control-free MAC. For the channel with retransmission gain, the maximum steady throughput was obtained in a closed form. The condition under which the random access channel can acquire retransmission gain was also obtained. The stability region of the general random access channel was derived. These results include those of the well-known orthogonal channel, collision channel and slotted Aloha channel with packet reception as a special instance. The analytical and numerical results showed that exploiting the retransmission gain can increase the throughput significantly and expand the stability region of the random access channel. The analytical results predicted the performance in the simulations quite well.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.98-108
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• 2019

With the expansion of various distribution channels in online and offline stores, TV, and mobile, consumers now have more information search and retail selection channels to choose from than ever before. Major retailers now use multi- and omni-channel strategies. This study focused on cross-channel consumption, which involves the use of different information search and purchase channels. Using cross-channel consumption, consumers can search for information online and then make purchases offline and vice versa. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between channel strategies and other consumer variables, and the study also assessed the effect of product type. To conduct this empirical study, the researchers developed a consumer questionnaire concerning three consumer channel strategies-on-on, cross, and off-off-and four product categories-clothing, cosmetics, books, and electronics. The results indicated that gender and marital status did not influence consumer channel strategies, but that age did have a significant influence. The analysis showed that consumers in their 40s preferred the cross channel strategy, perceiving it to be effective, satisfactory, and rewarding. Compared to other products, clothing products showed higher levels of cross channel strategies. Consumers indicated that they prefer searching for information online and then purchasing clothing offline. Overall, clothing products generated higher levels of channel satisfaction and channel switch intentions. Cross-channel clothing shoppers reported effective information retrieval times but longer delivery times.