• 비만대사연구학술지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2022

Although it has been confirmed that excessive body fat increases health risks and all-cause mortality, several epidemiological studies have reported that overweight or obesity in patients with chronic diseases and in older adults is advantageous with respect to mortality. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the biological basis of this obesity paradox. The marked heterogeneity of findings observed across studies and the possibility of systematic errors in these studies have cast doubt on the actual existence of the obesity paradox. However, the obesity paradox questioned the validity of body mass index as the best indicator for obesity in terms of predicting its comorbidities and urges clinicians to focus more on changes in body composition and related metabolic derangements, rather than body weight per se.

• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2018

Dynamic energy balance can give clinicians important answers for why obesity is so resistant to control. When food intake is reduced for weight control, all components of energy expenditure change, including metabolic rate at rest (resting energy expenditure [REE]), metabolic rate of exercise, and adaptive thermogenesis. This means that a change in energy intake influences energy expenditure in a dynamic way. Mechanisms associated with reduction of total energy expenditure following weight loss are likely to be related to decreased body mass and enhanced metabolic efficiency. Reducing calorie intake results in a decrease in body weight, initially with a marked reduction in fat free mass and a decrease in REE, and this change is maintained for several years in a reduced state. Metabolic adaptation, which is not explained by changes in body composition, lasts for more than several years. These are powerful physiological adaptations that induce weight regain. To avoid a typically observed weight-loss and regain trajectory, realistic weight loss goals should be established and maintained for more than 1 year. Using a mathematical model can help clinicians formulate advice about diet control. It is important to emphasize steady efforts for several years to maintain reduced weight over efforts to lose weight. Because obesity is difficult to reverse, clinicians must prioritize obesity prevention. Obesity prevention strategies should have high feasibility, broad population reach, and relatively low cost, especially for young children who have the smallest energy gaps to change.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2008

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of walking on physical health such as body composition, blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids for residents in rural areas. Method: Data were collected from 109 residents at 4 community health centers and during the 12 weeks' period between May and July, 2007 with quasi-experimental pre/post-test design. The data were processed with SPSS Win 12.0. Result: 69.5% of the subjects had chronic degenerative diseases such as hypertension, arthritis and diabetes mellitus. Also, 52.9% had overweight and 14.7% had excessive obesity. There were significant positive changes in BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose and LDL among obese residents. However, there was no significant difference in total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL among blood lipids. Conclusion: This study showed that a 3 months' walking program had positive effects on physical health and it should be continued.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

To elucidate the effects of an obesity control program on body composition and serum lipid levels, 31 obese elementary students (male: 25, female: 6) residing in the Gyeonggi area were evaluated and their body composition, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG (triglyceride) were analyzed. The average age, height, weight and BMI (body mass index) were $11.52{\pm}1.00\;yrs$, $151.96{\pm}8.04\;cm$, $68.21{\pm}9.03\;kg$ and $29.40{\pm}1.79\;kg/m^2$ for the males, respectively, and $11.17{\pm}1.17\;yrs$, $147.83{\pm}5.15\;cm$, $65.05{\pm}10.86\;kg$ and $29.62{\pm}3.24\;kg/m^2$ for the females, respectively. There was a significant decrease in BMI for males (p<0.001) and females (p<0.05). There were also significant changes in all of the biochemical levels evaluated before and after the study. Specifically, the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG level decreased after the obesity control program, while the HDL-cholesterol level increased after the program. These results indicate that obesity control programs do change the BMI, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG levels in obese elementary students. Thus, obesity control programs are urgently needed to prevent degenerative disease and decrease obesity among children in elementary school.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.483-497
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• 2016

본 연구는 8주간의 복합트레이닝 운동 강도가 지적장애 청소년의 렙틴, 성장호르몬, 인슐린유사성장요인-1(IGF-1), 신체조성에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구의 대상은 경도 지적장애 청소년 총 26명으로 고강도운동 집단 9명, 중강도 운동 집단 9명, 저강도 운동집단 8명을 선정하였다. 복합 트레이닝 운동강도에 따른 차이를 비교하기 위해 트레이닝 처치 전 사전 값을 공변인으로 하고 각각의 운동 강도를 독립변인으로 하였으며, 렙틴, 성장호르몬, 인슐린유사성장요인-1, 신체조성에 대한 변화를 종속변인으로 하였다. 자료 분석은 공변량 분석을 실시하였으며, 효과크기 ${\eta}^2$(eta)를 산출하였다(p<.05). 분석된 자료를 통하여 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성장기에 있는 지적장애 청소년들에게 동일한 운동량이 주어졌을 때 운동 강도별에 따라 렙틴은 중강도에서 가장 많이 감소하고, 성장호르몬의 증가는 중강도에서 가장 많이 증가하며, IGF-1의 증가는 저강도에서 가장 많이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 신체조성에 있어 체지방량의 증가는 저강도가 가장 효과적이며, 체지방량의 감소는 중강도에서 가장 효과적이고, 골밀도의 증가는 저강도에서 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 후속저인 연구에서는 성별, 개인별 운동수행 능력에 따른 구분을 통한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.575-583
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• 2021

Composition of the gut microbiota changes with aging and plays an important role in age-associated disease such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The gut microbiota composition oscillates through the day, and the disruption of their diurnal rhythm results in gut dysbiosis leading to metabolic and immune dysfunctions. It is well documented that circadian rhythm changes with age in several biological functions such as sleep, body temperature, and hormone secretion. However, it is not defined whether the diurnal pattern of gut microbial composition is affected by aging. To evaluate aging effects on the diurnal pattern of the gut microbiome, we evaluated the taxa profiles of cecal contents obtained from young and aged mice of both sexes at daytime and nighttime points by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. At the phylum level, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria were increased in aged male mice at night compared with that of young male mice. Meanwhile, the relative abundances of Sutterellaceae, Alloprevotella, Lachnospiraceae UCG-001, and Parasutterella increased in aged female mice at night compared with that of young female mice. The Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group relative abundance increased in aged mice of both sexes but at opposite time points. These results showed the changes in diurnal patterns of gut microbial composition with aging, which varied depending on the sex of the host. We suggest that disturbed diurnal patterns of the gut microbiome can be a factor for the underlying mechanism of age-associated gut dysbiosis.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1220-1230
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of 20s university student bodybuilders' protein intake differences with resistant exercise(weight training) by 12 weeks on solt lean mass and body composltion. Natural protein(Chicken breast meat) intake group and Whey protein isolates(WPI) intake group are the experimental groups. Conventional meal intake group is the control group. This study proposes a efficient protein diet for weight training. The results were as follows. In the experimental group(natural protein intake), muscle mass and lean body mass was significantly increased, but body fat percentage was significantly decreased. In the experimental group(WPI intake), muscle mass and lean body mass was significantly increased, but body fat percentage was significantly decreased. In the control group(conventional meal intake), muscle mass and lean body mass was insignificantly increased, but body fat percentage was insignificantly decreased. In addition, there was not a significant difference among intake groups, and also not a differentiated effect between natural protein and WPI intake. In conclusion, natural protein and WPI made muscle mass and lean body mass rise, body fat percentage reduced effectively. Only WPI intake(without natural protein intake) was the efficient mean to increase muscle mass and lean body mass, and to decrease body fat percentage.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2012

전남 여수시 가막만에서 양식되고 있는 피조개를 대상으로 2008년 12월부터 2009년 11월 동안 근육, 내장낭 및 몸체의 생화학적 체성분의 변동과 생식주기간의 관계를 계절적인 변동과 관련하여 조사하였다. 피조개 양식장의 월별 평균 수온은 겨울에 $7-12^{\circ}C$, 여름에 $20-25^{\circ}C$였으며, 염분은 평균 30.1-33.8‰에서 변화하였다. 영양염의 계절적 변화는 9월에 최대 ($13.04{\mu}g/L$) 를 보였으며, 연 평균농도는 $4.6{\mu}g/L$였다. 피조개의 주산란기는 7-8월이었으며, 겨울동안 생식소는 불활성기를 나타내었다. 단백질함량은 내장낭에서 낮았다. 체성분 가운데 가장 큰 변화는 내장낭내 지질과 탄수화물이었으며, 기관별 단백질은 연중 비교적 일정하였다. 내장낭은 생식주기 동안 가장 큰 변화를 보였으며, 내장낭내 수분과 지방의 함량은 다소 역관계를 보였다. 지방함량의 최대시기인 불활성기에 수분이 최소였으며, 산란 직후 지방함항은 가장 낮았으며, 지방이 소모되면서 수분함량이 증가하였다. 내장낭내 단백질 량은 근육에 비해 낮았다. 내장낭의 탄수화물, 지방 단백질은 생식소 발달과정동안 에너지원으로서 주요한 역할을 하며, 먹이가 부족한 시기에 기초대사유지를 위해 이용될 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.532-546
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• 1993

This study was done to investigate the effects of different dietary oils on hepatic mitochondrial lipid compositon, adenine nucleotide translocase(AdNT) and ATPase activities in carcinogen treated rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 50∼60g, were fed three different types of dietary oil, beef tallow(BT), corn oil(CO) and sardine oil(SO) at 15% by weight for 14 weeks. Three weeks after feeding rats were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of diethylnitrosamine(200mg/Kg BW). After five weeks rate fed 0.02% acetylaminofluorene contating diet for 6 weeks, and after seven weeks 0.05% phenobarbital containing diet for 7 weeks. At 14th week, rats were sacrificed and hepatic mitochondrial lipid composition, AdNT and ATPase activities were determined. Percent liver weight per body weight was significantly by carcinogen treatment. Analysis of mitochondrial lipid composition showed that body cholesterol and phospholipid contents were not affected by dietary oils but significantly increased by carcinogen treatment. Individual phospholipid composition as well as phosphatidyl ethanolamine/phosphatidyl choline ratio were altered by either dietary oils or carcinogen treatment. Fatty acid composition was changed by dietary oils but not much by carcinogen treatment. AdNT activity was affected by dietary oils in only carcinogen treated groups. ATPase activity was affected by dietary oils in only carcinogen nontreated groups. These data indicate that both dietary oils and caricinogen treatment can change mitochondrial lipid composition and thereby change AdNT and ATPase activities. Particularly effects of carcinogen treatment on cholesterol/phopholipid ratio, phospholipid compositon and ATPase activity were different among dietary oil groups. Therefore it is suggested that different dietary oils can somewhat modulate the changes of mitochnodrial lipid composition and membrane bound enzyme activites during hepatocarcinogenesis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.228-236
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• 2007

목적: 위암의 위절제술 후, 생체전기 임피던스법을 이용하여 1년 동안 체성분 변화를 알아봄으로써 위절제술에 따른 영양, 생리학적 연구의 기초 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2003년 11월부터 2004년 11월까지 위암으로 근치적 위절제술을 시행 받고, 본 연구에 사전 동의를 해준 98명을 대상으로 생체 전기 임피던스법(Inbody 4.0, Biospace, Korea)을 이용하여 간단한 임상적 지표에 따른 변화를 알아보았다. 결과: 체중은 술 후 1개월까지 6.7%, 6개월까지 9.4%의 감소를 보인다(P<0.01). 제지방량은 4개월까지 4.9%의 감소를 보이고 이후에는 변화하지 않았다(P<0.01). 체지방량과 내장지방은 6개월 동안 24.3%, 14.1%의 감소를 보였다(P<0.01). 여자가 남자에 비해 체중, 제지방량, 내장지방의 감소가 많았다(P<0.05). 병기 III-IV기 환자가 I-II기에 비해 부종지수가 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). Billroth I, III Esophagoje-junostomy에 따른 유의한 차이는 체지방량으로 12개월 때 감소비율이 각각 27.6%, 22.1%, 41.2%이었다(P<0.05). 결론: 위절제 후의 부족한 영양 섭취와 체중 감소의 개선은 삶의 질과 관계되므로 영양, 생리학적 연구의 관심이 필요하다. 체성분 분석에 있어서 생체전기 임피던스법은 유용하게 사용될 수가 있었고 본 결과가 향후 위 절제와 관련된 영양생리학적 연구에 응용되기를 희망한다.