• 과학기술학연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.79-102
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• 2009

본 연구는 산업기술정책의 대상으로서 갖추어져야 하는 기술의 공공성 문제와 추격에서 탈추격 혁신체제 전환으로 나타나는 산업기술정책의 새로운 변화요구를 살펴보았다. 그동안 산업기술정책에서 정부개입의 근거가 되었던 공공성은 점차 퇴화되고 있으며, 이로 인해 국가가 개입하여 특정한 기술 또는 산업을 진흥하는 것이 정당하고 효과적인가에 대한 논쟁이 이어지고 있다.1980-90년대 기술추격의 시기에는 소수의 특정기업을 선정 지원하여 신속히 선진기술을 추격케 하는 현장애로기술개발 중심의 산업기술정책이 효율적이었다. 하지만 현재는 창조형 기술개발을 목표로 탈추격의 행보를 가야 하는 환경이므로 기존의 정책 틀이 변화되어야 하는 상황에 이르렀다. 또한 최근 기업 R&D 비중에서 볼 수 있듯이 국가연구개발사업의 주도권이 점차 민간주체인 기업 및 대학으로 넘어가고 있으며, 민간 부문이 정부 역할의 상당부분을 대치하고 있다. 이런 상황에서는 정부주도의 강한 산업기술정책을 줄이고 혁신을 촉진할 수 있는 환경과 인프라를 조성하는 간접 지원 정책으로 변화될 필요가 있다. 특정기업과 기술에 대한 직접적인 지원은 줄여 나가되, 기술혁신 활동의 공공성을 높일 수 있는 에너지, 환경, 보건복지 등에 정부의 R&D 투자 비중을 점차 높여나가야 한다.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.139-161
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• 2012

The United States National Innovation system has many distinctive aspects and its government research institutes (GRI's) play a variety of important roles within the overall system. This paper reviews issues pertaining to U.S. GRI's but within the broader concept of US science and technology policy. After presenting an overview of the GRI's in this broader context, the paper presents a brief historical analysis of changes in the roles and deployment of U.S. GRI's. After identifying unique features of GRI's (ones that separate the U.S. GRI's from other nations) the paper concludes by identifying the ways in which the U.S. experience may be relevant to other nations such as Korea. The lessons include the competition-cooperation with large-scale and multidisciplinary university research centers, the use of GRI's to promote sharing and efficiencies in fundamental scientific equipment and resources, and the ability of GRI's to accelerate the development of science and technology.

• 한국기술혁신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국기술혁신학회 2006년도 The 1st China-Korea Conference on Innovation Studies
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• pp.93-100
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• 2006

This paper deals with Government-Industry-University-Academy (G-I-U-A) collaboration mechanism in China from the perspective of National Innovation Systems (NIS) theory. The focus of the article is on the analytical and methodological issues arising from the G-I-U-A collaboration. How the O-I-U-A collaboration changes in China is identified here. After some review of academic research, the paper reveals the key roles which Government, Industry, University and Academy should play. According to the government behavior in innovation activities, a G-I-U-A collaboration mechanism with Chinese characteristics is provided in the paper.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the status of dental hygienists in Japan. The study explicated the history, core curriculum, National Examination for Dental Hygienists, work roles of dental hygienists, and workplaces of dental hygienists. This study was based on the government policy report on dental hygienists and the information published by each public institution. The latest statistics presented by the institutions were collected through official websites. The employment information of graduates from Hiroshima University was analyzed based on actual field study. The results of the study revealed that social demand for dental hygienists has steadily increased and policies and education have been revised accordingly. The work roles of dental hygienists have expanded to meet the needs of the treatment and those of public health fields. In line with major policy changes, the educational period has been extended from 1 year to 3 or 4 years, while the mandatory credits for graduation have been established. Licensing examinations were being performed by the local governments since 1948 due to the different situations of dental hygienists in different areas. In 1992, they were converted into a single national examination. The work roles have expanded from assisting dental treatments to health guidance, home care, and perioperative care. Consequently, the number of dental hygienists has increased, especially in healthcare facilities for the elderly. Dental hygienists perform various roles. However, the most essential role is to provide the best oral care services to the patient. The expected role of dental hygienists has expanded in alignment with public healthcare needs and support for the elderly. The government and universities are expected to bring about improvements such as diversifying the channels of education and establishing policies to respond to growing patient needs by cultivating excellent dental hygiene professionals.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2022

1960년대 재외동포교육기관으로 출범했던 한국교육원(이하 '교육원'이라 함)은 최근 신 한류의 확산 등으로 인해 역할과 기능 면에서 혁신이 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 교육원의 운영 실태와 변화 요구를 분석하고, 그 결과를 토대로 향후 발전 방향을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 설정하였다. 이를 위해서 관련 문헌 등을 분석하였고, 아울러 전, 현직 교육원장들을 대상으로 면담을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 재외동포의 변화, 한국어 수요 증가 등으로 인해 교육원의 변화를 요구하는 지역들이 증가하고 있었다. 그러나, 교육원의 주 대상을 '재외동포'로 규정한 '재외국민교육법'과 교육원의 '모호한 법적 지위', '영세한 조직규모' 등으로 인해 역할 전환에 어려움을 겪고 있었다. 따라서 현재의 제약 하에서 교육원에 새롭게 제기되는 요구들을 수용하기 위한 방안을 모색할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해서 무엇보다도 지역별로 교육 수요 변화를 체계적으로 진단하고, 그에 맞추어 교육원의 핵심 기능과 조직규모를 개편할 필요가 있다. 더 나아가 중장기적으로는 한국교육원의 역할 전환을 반영한 법적 근거와 지원체제를 마련할 필요가 있다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.301-316
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• 2007

With these changes in the environment of dental service, dental hygienists are suggested to change their roles to cope with the changes. Hygienists are putting forth many efforts to promote smooth and efficient dental treatments, and as a practical measure. As a part to cope with such changes. Korea Dental Hygienists Association(KDHA) has prepared the system of Specialized Dental Hygienist and put the system into enforcement through an affiliated organization, Korean Academy of Dental Hygiene. The purpose of this study is to investigate the specialized nurse system in our country's medical environment and the specialized dental hygienist systems in other countries as similar cases comparable to the specialized dental hygienist system in our country and present basic data for the establishment of specialized dental hygienist system. For this study, a survey of dental specialists, such as dentists, dental hygienists and nurses, and patients, has been conducted qualitatively through person-to-person depth interview. The interview questions were related to the need for a specialized dental hygienist system, educational programs, functions and roles, and issues that must be solved for establishment of the system. Based on the interview results, the following conclusions were derived. The specialized dental hygienist system must encourage dental hygienists to possess advanced abilities in clinical practices, present systematic and developmental directions in educational programs, and stimulate specialized dental hygienists to actively work as manager and supervisor, medical health service providers, educators, and researchers. Lastly, for issues that must be solved for the establishment of the system, the duties and jobs of specialized dental hygienists must be defined more concretely, which must be acknowledged by people working in related occupations, citizens and the government. Furthermore, we need to examine the scope of duties of dental hygienists and enact laws and systems to protect the scope. These roles will lead dental hygienists to lay the foundation that allow them to make enthusiastic activities as an oral hygienist and clinician as well as show the way how to act as an educator, a researcher, a manager and an administrator.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to review, analyze and identify the suitability of Kazakh gender policy for the changes taken place in the society with suggesting necessary changes. Research design, data, and methodology - After meticulous reviews of germane literature, the researchers applied an analytical approach which focuses on analyzing the Kazakh's gender policy and its issuance guidelines based on the present requirement in the society. Even though the policy has introduced with astonishing prudence, present-day living trends in society require imperatively some notable modifications which protect the rights of women and minority sections of the society. Results - Through this gender policy, government has proffered required legal, financial and preferential support country's women to participate in the management and legislation of the country. Kazakh gender policy requires upgradations which flawlessly support women in the lifestyles of the feminine community. Conclusions - In achieving gender equality in the economy as a priority area, Kazakh government monitoring persistently and closely the changing trends of women and their requirements which introduce necessary modifications to the existing gender policy of the country with the cooperation of international organization.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2006

In terms of the size of aquaculture farms and production volume, inland freshwater aquaculture is much smaller than marine aquaculture in Korea. However, freshwater aquaculture provides fish which is not produced in the sea. Freshwater aquaculture plays an important role in the efficient use of resources, development of local areas and economy vitalization in under - developed areas. freshwater aquaculture also helps ecosystem recovery by stocking farmed fry. As addressed above, inland freshwater aquaculture plays various roles and can not be ignored. However, freshwater aquaculture has been off the interest of fisheries authority. Considering a series of changes in the circumstances such as the government's disapproval of pen - raised aquaculture, higher standard for discharged water from aquaculture farms and a rapid increase in import of low price fish from other countries, it is difficult to expect the quantitative expansion of the freshwater aquaculture any more. Furthermore, freshwater aquaculture lost the trust of people because of the use of Malachite green, and the consumption of farmed product plummeted last year. Even though it would be difficult to expect the quantitative expansion, we could expect qualitative growth and let the inland freshwater aquaculture keep playing the own roles. In order to achieve competitive advantage and regain the trust by providing safer farmed product, the government's support and freshwater aquaculture industry's active and voluntary efforts are very important. This paper suggests several points for the future oriented inland freshwater aquaculture in Korea such as strategic intensive development of selected species, the technical improvement and its diffusion, increased cooperation among the government authority, industry and scientists.

• Architectural research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2020

While there has been a substantial amount of studies on public rental housing of Korea, most have focused on housing policy changes, international comparisons, and current characteristics and future prospects. This article aims to examine the evolving roles of the national and local governments, and the private sector in provision of Korea's public rental housing. The findings suggest that one, although the wave of neoliberalism and financial crisis have prompted the national government to reduce its role and to encourage engagement of other actors by utilizing incentivizing tools, it has continued to assume a central position in formulating and implementing housing supply plans. Two, local governments have played a marginal role throughout the history of public rental housing supply, although they have expanded their participation through redevelopment projects and utilization of existing housings. Three, private sector actors have expanded their role to delivering public benefits of making housing available for a wider range of populace leveraging various incentives that make projects financially more feasible. The study poses a question on how responsibilities and risks can appropriately be allocated among three key actors to achieve housing welfare going forward.

• 제3의학
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.57-82
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• 1996

The policies of oriental medicine, changes of medical systems, development of oriental medical education and research activities of oriental medicine were reviewed in this paper from 1945 to 1995 and several opinions were suggested to relevant government authorities and doctors of oriental and western medicine. The history of oriental medicine had to come a long and winding road since the Political Reform in 1894. However, national effort of oriental medicine people in Korea has kept the oriental medicine as national medicine. It has been a misfortune that oriental and western medical doctors did not get along well each other. In this paper, the right direction of the medical systems for government were suggested together with timely roles of medical doctors of both oriental and western medicine. 1. Government should carry out reasonable and future-oriented medical systems. 2. Medical doctors of both oriental and western medicine should co-operate and try to promote mutual understanding. 3. Oriental medicine should be lectured in western medical college. 4. Medical researches of both oriental and western medicine should be carried out together.